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Study on gamma ray drying method and conditions and storage duration effects on essential oil and some physiological traits of Satureja spicigera (C. Koch) Boiss.

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph.D. Student, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Miyaneh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh, Iran

2 Research Institute of Forests and Rangeland, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran

3 Assistant professor, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Miyaneh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh, Iran

4 Assistant professor, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran

5 Assistant professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Miyaneh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh, Iran

Abstract

In this study, to investigate the effects of gamma ray to dry plant materials, conditions, and storage duration of the plants on the percentage and essential oil composition and some physiological traits of Satureja spicigera (C. Koch) Boiss., plant top shoots were collected at the flowering stage. Gamma ray irradiation was performed in the Atomic Energy Organization at five levels of 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 kGy (kilo gray). Storage was carried out under two refrigerator (4°C) and room air temperature conditions at three storage duration levels of 0, 120, and 240 hours. The experiment was conducted as a factorial in a completely randomized design with three replications. Essential oil of flowering shoots was extracted by water distillation method and analyzed by GC and GC/MS quantitatively and qualitatively. According to the obtained results, gamma radiation affected the essential oil percentage and amount of p-cymene, thymol, carvacrol, phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity significantly at the level of 1%. Storage duration had a significant effect on the essential oil percentage and amount of p-cymene, thymol, and carvacrol. Storage conditions showed a significant effect on the total phenols and flavonoids content and antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of S. spicigera. Means comparison of gamma radiation effects showed that the highest percentage of essential oil with 1.12% and 1.03% was obtained in the control and 5 kGy treatments, respectively. The highest amount of thymol (13.57%) and carvacrol (34.73%) was observed in the 10 kGy and control treatments, respectively. With 2.5 kGy gamma irradiation, the amount of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity respectively increased by 1.4 and 1.76 times compared to the control. Of course, by keeping the plant in the refrigerator, the amount of thymol was reduced. The highest percentage of essential oil was related to the storage for 120 hours. The use of high intensity gamma radiation is suitable to achieve high thymol essential oil. The use of low radiation can also be useful for drying S. spicigera to obtain extracts containing more phenolic compounds. However, gamma radiation is not appropriate for plant materials drying to obtain essential oils of this species.

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References
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Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research
Volume 38, Issue 2 - Serial Number 112
June 2022
Pages 200-217
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