Evaluation of morphological characteristics, glandular trichomes structure and their relationship with essential oil content in four species of Thyme (Thymus spp.)

Abbasi, Sh.; Houshmand, S.; Mirakhorli, N.; Ravash, R.

doi:10.22092/ijmapr.2018.116287.2194

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

¹ Ph.D. student of Agriculture Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran

² Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran

https://doi.org/10.22092/ijmapr.2018.116287.2194

Abstract

The leaves of thyme are the most important organs producing essential oils, and the glandular trichomes provide a unique capacity for the synthesis and storage of active ingredients. In this study, the morphological characteristics and types of trichomes' structure were measured in four thyme species including: T. transcaucasicus, T. carmanicus, T. daenensis and T. armeniacus. The results of variance analysis indicated a significant difference between species in terms of stem length, leaf length and number, plant fresh and dry weight, leaf and stem dry weight, number of glandular trichomes on the adaxial and abaxial side of the leaf, the trichome length, and essential oil yield and percentage. T. armeniacus showed the highest trichome number; while, the highest trichome length was related to T. transcaucasicus. The highest essential oil percentage and yield were observed in T. carmanicus and T. daenensis respectively, which could be due to the greater number of glandular trichomes and leaves in these species. The results of scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed that among various types of glandular trichomes, peltate glandular trichome existed in the leaf of four species examined. Positive and significant correlation coefficients between the number of glandular trichomes on the adaxial and abaxial side of the leaves with the essential oil percentage and yield indicate the role of this feature in the production of essential oil. The stepwise regression analysis, implemented for dry weight, indicated that the highest regression positive coefficient was observed for the leaf dry weight, explaining 97% of the trait variation. When the essential oil yield was assumed as a dependent variable, only the trichome length entered the model and explained 49% of the trait variation.

Keywords

References

- Babalar, M., Khoshsokhan, F., Fatahi-Moghadam, M.R. and Pourmydani, A., 2013. Evaluation of morphological diversity and essential oil yield in some mountain thyme populations (Thymus kotschyanus Boiss. & Hohen). Iranian Journal of Horticaltural Sciences, 44(2): 119-128.

- Bosabalidis, A.M. and Kokkini, S., 1997. Infraspecific variation of leaf anatomy in Origanum vulgare grown wild in Greece. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 123: 353-362.

- Boz, I., Burzo, I., Zamfirache, M.M., Toma, C. and Padurariu, C., 2009. Glandular trichomes and essential oil composition of Thymus pannonicus All. (Lamiaceae). Analele UniversităĠii din Oradea, Fascicula Biologie, 2: 36-39.

- Brazandeh, M.M. and Bagherzadeh, K., 2007. Study the chemical composition of essential oils of thyme daenensis (Thymus daenensis) collected from four different regions of Isfahan province. Journal of Herbal Drugs, 6(3): 15-19.

- Chwil, M., Nurzynska-Wierdak, R., Chwil, S., Matraszek, R. and Neugebauerova, J., 2016. Histochemistry and micromorphological diversity of glandular trichome in Melissa officinalis L. Hortorum Cultures, 15(3): 153-172.

- Crocoll, C., 2011. Biosynthesis of the Phenolic Monoterpenes, Thymol and Carvacrol, by Synthases and Cytochrome P450s in Oregano and Thyme. Dissertation Grades Doctor Rerum Naturalium, 151p.

- Dai, X., Guodong, W.W., Yang, D.S., Tang, Y., Broun, P., Marks, M.D., Sumner, L.W., Dixon, R.A. and Zhao, P.X., 2010. TrichOME: a comparative omics database for plant trichomes. Plant Physiology, 152: 44-54.

- Dawidowicz. A.L., Rado, E., Wianowska, D., Mardarowicz, M. and Gawdzik, J., 2008. Application of PLE for the determination of essential oil components from Thymus vulgaris L. Talanta, 76(4): 878-884.

- Ehleringer, J., 1984. Ecology and ecophysiology of leaf pubescence in North American desert plants: 113-132. In: Rodriguez, E., Healey, P.L. and Mehta, I., (Eds.). Biology and Chemistry of Plant Trichomes. Plenum Press, New York, 255p.

- Houshmand, S., Karimi, Z., Yousofzadeh, K. and Mohammad Khani, A., 2016. Evaluation of some morphological characteristics of eight thyme species (Thymus spp.) in three flowering stages. 2^ndInternational and 13^th National Iranian Crop Science Congress, University Guilan, Rasht, Iran, 30 August-1 September.

- Jia, P., Liu, H., Gao, T. and Xin, H., 2013. Glandular trichomes and essential oil of Thymus quinquecostatus. The Scientific World Journal, 2013: 1-8.

- Karimi, Z., 2016. Evaluation of Morphological Characteristics and Essential Oil Composition of Thymus Species Harvested In Three Stages. M.Sc. Thesis, Plant Breeding, the Shahrekord University, Shahrekord.

- Kaveh, Sh., Zeinali, H., Safaei, L., Madah Arefi, H. and Aflakian, S., 2013. Comparison of morphological and phytochemical traits in different populations of Thymus kotschyanus Boiss. & Hohen with Thymus vulgaris L. species. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 29: 116-129.

- Maffei, M., Chialva, F. and Sacco, T., 1989. Glandular trichomes and essential oils in developing peppermint leaves: I. Variation of peltate trichome number and terpene distribution within leaves. New Phytologist, 111: 707-716.

- Mirzaie-Nodoushan, H., Mehrpur, Sh. and Sefidkon, F., 2008. Path analysis of the characters influencing essential oil in three Thymus species. Pajouhesh and Sazandegi, 70: 88-94.

- Moradi, M., Nazeri V., Hassandokht, M.R. and Aboozar Soorni, A., 2014. Evaluation morphological diversity and essential oil content of Thymus transcaspicus Klokov. in Iran. International Journal of Farming and Allied Sciences, 3(10): 1109-1116.

- Rezaie, M., Safarnejad, A., Arab, M., Alamdari, B.L. and Delir, M., 2016. Study the morphological diversity and essential oil content of several Thyme species (Thymus sp.) native to Iran. Journal of Horticultural Science, 30(3): 383-394.

- Sefidkon, F. and Askari, F., 2001. Qualitative and quantitative comparison of essential oils the five species of thyme. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant, 19(2): 125-136.

- Tissier, A., 2012. Glandular trichomes: what comes after expressed sequence tags?. The Plant Journal, 70: 51-68.

- Wagner, G., Wang, E. and Shepherd, R., 2004. New approaches for studying and exploiting an old protuberance, the plant trichome. Annals Botany, 93: 3-11.

- Weisany, W., Raei, Y. and Pertot, I., 2015.Changes in the essential oil yield and composition of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) as response to arbuscular mycorrhiza colonization and cropping system.Industrial Crops and Products, 77: 295-306.

- Yavari, A.R., Nazeri, V., Sefidkon, F. and Hassani, M.E., 2010. Evaluation of some ecological factors, morphological traits and essential oil productivity of Thymus migricus Klokov & Desj.-Shost. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 26: 227-238.

- Yu, G., 2013. Two Methylketone Biosynthetic Enzymes from Wild Tomatoes. A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, 163p.

Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research

Evaluation of morphological characteristics, glandular trichomes structure and their relationship with essential oil content in four species of Thyme (Thymus spp.)

References

References

Volume 34, Issue 5 - Serial Number 91
November and December 2018
Pages 859-869

Evaluation of morphological characteristics, glandular trichomes structure and their relationship with essential oil content in four species of Thyme (Thymus spp.)

References

References

Volume 34, Issue 5 - Serial Number 91November and December 2018Pages 859-869

Volume 34, Issue 5 - Serial Number 91
November and December 2018
Pages 859-869