S. Kamali; M. Elahi; M. Hosseini Nejadand; M. Yavarmanesh
Abstract
Because of various technological properties, beneficial prebiotic and health effects, inulin is extensively used in different products and symbiotic combinations. The survival of probiotic strains during gastric stress is influenced by the physicochemical properties of food carriers used for delivery. ...
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Because of various technological properties, beneficial prebiotic and health effects, inulin is extensively used in different products and symbiotic combinations. The survival of probiotic strains during gastric stress is influenced by the physicochemical properties of food carriers used for delivery. In this study, the possibility of increasing the growth and survival potential of two Lactobacillus strains (Lactobacillus casei PTCC 1608 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus PTCC 1637) was investigated in the presence of inulin, extracted from different plant sources (Cichorium intybus & Heliantus tuberosus), and standard inulin under acidic conditions (pH= 4, 2.5) and pH=6.2 as control and compared to glucose. Our results clealy showed that the addition of carbohydrate to lactobacillus cultures significantly increased the growth and resistance of bacteria under acidic conditions. The inulin extracted from Cichorium intybus and standard inulin were more effective in increasing the resistance of bacteria as compared to the inulin extracted from Heliantus tuberosus.
A. Baghizadeh; Z. Mashayekhi; M.A. Ebrahimi
Abstract
Catnip (Nepeta cataria L.), also called catmint, is a medicinal plant containing aromatic compounds and belongs to the Lamiaceae family. In this study, phytochemical and genetic variations of some Catnip germplasm were analyzed using RAPD molecular marker as well as GC/MS. The shoots of plants were collected ...
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Catnip (Nepeta cataria L.), also called catmint, is a medicinal plant containing aromatic compounds and belongs to the Lamiaceae family. In this study, phytochemical and genetic variations of some Catnip germplasm were analyzed using RAPD molecular marker as well as GC/MS. The shoots of plants were collected from various habitats and dried away from direct sunlight. DNA was extracted using (CTAB) method. Eleven RAPD primers were used in PCR reaction. Based on the results of cluster analysis, 15 populations were classified into four groups. Based on the results of principal component analysis, the plant populations were clustered into five groups. Eight of 15 collected populations were analyzed phytochemically. Essential oils were extracted via water steam distillation using Clevenger apparatus. Twenty-seven components were identified from all essential oil samples. The results of GC/MS method showed that among the samples, 100% of essential oil compounds were identified in populations of Sirch, Mohammad Abad-e-Maskoon, Saqder 2, Dalfard 2, and Mijan 2. The results also showed that in samples of Dehbakri, Dalfard 1, and Saqder 1, 94.84%, 99.8% and 96.6% of essential oil compounds were identified, respectively. Three isomers of Nepetalactone constituted the major essential oils compounds. B-caryophyllene, Caryophyllene oxide, β-pinene, and α-pinene were also of main essential oil compounds. Based on the cluster analysis of GC/MS data, the populations were classified into three groups. Comparison of consisting compounds of essential oils in the eight studied populations indicated that the essential oils extracted were different quantitatively and qualitatively. This could be probably due to the different ecological conditions of habitats such as humidity, temperature, altitude above sea level, or other terrestrial, geographical and genetic factors.
F. Abbaspour; H.R. Asghri; P. Rezvani Moghaddam; H. Abbasdokht; J. Shabahang; A. Baig Babaei
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted focusing on the effects of biochar on quantity characteristics of Black Seed (Nigella sativa L.) under water deficit conditions. The experimental design was split plot factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Three levels of irrigation ...
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A field experiment was conducted focusing on the effects of biochar on quantity characteristics of Black Seed (Nigella sativa L.) under water deficit conditions. The experimental design was split plot factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Three levels of irrigation (I1: 100%, I2: 70% and I3: 40% of water irrigation requirement) were assigned as main plots and the combination of three levels of biochar (B1: 0, B2: 10 and B3:20 t.ha-1) and two levels of chemical fertilizers (F1: without and F2: with chemical fertilizer) were allocated as sub plots. Results were shown that seed number per plant and seed weight per plant significantly increased by 10 t.ha-1 biochar application compared with 20 t.ha-1. Chemical fertilizer significantly affected the yield components of black seed except 1000-seed weight. The interaction between biochar, chemical fertilizer and water requirements significantly affected the seed yield and biological yield. The result revealed that the application of 10 t.ha-1 biochar plus 70% water irrigation requirement and using chemical fertilizer (I2B2F2) produced the highest seed yield and biological yield (1365 and 5776 kg.ha-1, respectively). Application of biochar combined with chemical fertilizers could improve soil nutrient and water availability conditions and increased the yield of black seed.
N. Ghazalbash; M. Abdollahi
Abstract
Root knot nematodes are one of the most important plant parasitic nematodes damaging many crops, particularly vegetables. According to the experiments conducted in greenhouse conditions, the damage of this nematode was estimated to be 56-49 percent, based on dry weight of stem and root. Increasing use ...
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Root knot nematodes are one of the most important plant parasitic nematodes damaging many crops, particularly vegetables. According to the experiments conducted in greenhouse conditions, the damage of this nematode was estimated to be 56-49 percent, based on dry weight of stem and root. Increasing use of pesticides is of concern to specialists in environmental and nutritional sciences so the use of natural substances to control of pests and plant diseases is a priority. This research was aimed to reduce the pesticide use with application of the aqueous extract of two local medicinal plants, Ferulago angulata (Schlecht.) Boiss. and Zataria multiflora Boiss., on root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica, in tomato plants. A factorial experiment was performed with three factors including medicinal plants, plant parts and percentage of plant extract or powder, in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Results showed that the best treatments in terms of the factors associated with root-knot nematode, were flower and stem powder of F. angulata at the rate of 0.2%. The treatments of leaf powder of F. angulata at the rate of 0.1% and stem powder of this plant at the rate of 0.2% were the best treatments with best effect on the plant growth factors. In addition to sufficient effect of leaf powder of this plant on the factors associated with nematodes at the rates of 0.1 and 0.2%, growth factors of tomato plants were not affected.
S. Etminan; Z. Sheibani Tezerjii; M.R. Hassani
Abstract
Due to the economic importance of stored product pests and disadvantages of chemical insecticides, in this study, the repellency and oviposition deterrency effect of garlic and pepper extract (Tondexir®) and powder was investigated on Plodia interpunctella Hubner (Lep.: Pyralidae). The repellency ...
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Due to the economic importance of stored product pests and disadvantages of chemical insecticides, in this study, the repellency and oviposition deterrency effect of garlic and pepper extract (Tondexir®) and powder was investigated on Plodia interpunctella Hubner (Lep.: Pyralidae). The repellency effect of different concentrations of tondexir (1, 5, 10, 15 and 20%) and garlic and pepper powders was evaluated using Y-shaped olfactometeron adult insects and fourth larval instars, and using leaky glass and petri dish methods on first larval instars, in addition to evaluating the oviposition deterrency effect of these compounds on adult insects. The results showed that 20% concentration of tondexir and garlic powder had the highest repellency effect (63.97% and 58.90%, respectively) on adult insects. The repellency effect of treatments on fourth larval instars was less than that of adult insects. Garlic powder and 20% concentration of tondexir had the highest repellency effect (57.5% and 40%, respectively) on fourth larval instars. Pepper powder showed the highest repellency rate (82.5%) on first larval instars in leaky glass method. The petri dish method had the lowest repellency rate and its highest rate (67.5%) was observed at 20% concentration of tondexir. The highest oviposition deterrency effect of adult insects was related to garlic powder (47.89%) and 20% concentration of tondexir (47.65%). The results of the present study indicated the efficacy of garlic and pepper extract and powder in repelling and the oviposition deterrency of P. interpunctella.
Biotechnology
H. Abbasi Holasou; F. Rahmani; M. Hosseinzadeh; A. Hassanzadeh Ghorttapeh
Abstract
Since the economic value of a cultivar depends on its different characteristics, thus procedure of selection for several traits to achieve maximum economic value has always been considered by plant breeders. Therefore, accurate knowledge of the behavior and genetic relationship of these traits will help ...
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Since the economic value of a cultivar depends on its different characteristics, thus procedure of selection for several traits to achieve maximum economic value has always been considered by plant breeders. Therefore, accurate knowledge of the behavior and genetic relationship of these traits will help breeders to improve plant genotypes. In this study, 31 retrotransposon-based primers (12 IRAP and 19 REMAP primers) were used to identify molecular markers associated with 21 agronomic, morphological, and physiological traits in 45 different flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) genotypes based on a mixed linear model (MLM). Analysis of population structure by Bayesian method revealed two possible subgroups (K=2) in the population studied. Using MLM, a total of 29 loci associated with the 21 traits studied were identified (p < /em><0.01). The maximum number of associated loci was identified for 100-seed weight and seed yield traits. The existence of common markers among some traits studied, such as the significant relationship between LTR1-UBC808-2 marker with plant height and 100-seed weight, and LTR1-UBC807-4 with main stem weight and the number of capsules per the main stem can be due to pleiotropic effects or linkage between genomic regions involved in these traits. However, findings of the present study can be further strengthened with the inclusion of more markers putatively associated with economically important traits.
S. Maleki Khezerlu; Z. Tahmasebi Sarvestani; S.A.M. Modarres Sanavi
Abstract
To study some quantitative and qualitative traits of Cucurbita pepo L. under fertilizer and water deficit stress, a trial was conducted in the research field of Tarbiat Modares University in 2011 and 2012 cropping years. In this study, the experiment was performed in factorial randomized completely block ...
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To study some quantitative and qualitative traits of Cucurbita pepo L. under fertilizer and water deficit stress, a trial was conducted in the research field of Tarbiat Modares University in 2011 and 2012 cropping years. In this study, the experiment was performed in factorial randomized completely block design with three replications. and water deficit at three levels (normal irrigation, withholdingirrigation at milk stage, withholdingirrigation and spraying sodium chlorate at milk stage). Results showed that nitrogen fertilizer treatment significantly affected all traits studied except seed number and stress treatment had significant effects on all traits except seed number, seed length, and stearic acid content at 1% level of significance. In this study, increasing water stress reduced the content of all traits studied except linoleic acid content. In addition, increased levels of nitrogen fertilizer led to the decreased content of all traits studied. The highest values for fruit and seed weight, seed width, seed diameter, oil, linoleic, oleic, palmetic, and stearic acid were obtained at a nitrogen fertilizer level of 60kg.ha-1. Totally, nitrogen fertilizer (60kg.ha-1) and control irrigation treatments are recommended as the most suitable treatments to gain maximum seed yield.
Biological effects of essential oils and extracts
E. Ostovar; S. Khodayari; Sh. Aramideh
Abstract
Annually a significant portion of agricultural products is destroyed by the stored products pests. The chemical pesticides are commonly used to control pests. The residual hazards of pesticides on the storage products as well as increase in the pest resistance necessitate the selection of safe and effective ...
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Annually a significant portion of agricultural products is destroyed by the stored products pests. The chemical pesticides are commonly used to control pests. The residual hazards of pesticides on the storage products as well as increase in the pest resistance necessitate the selection of safe and effective control methods. The plant compounds can be the subject of researches on the storage pests control with the low-risk methods. Therfore, this experiment was conducted to study the effects of peel essential oil from three Citrus spp. including Citrus limon L., C. sinensis L., and C. aurantium L. on the adults of Callosobruchus maculatus F., Sitophilus granarius L., and Tribolium confusum Duv. The probit analysis was performed after 24 and 48 hours to evaluate the effects of essential oils on the pests. After determining the LC50 and LC25, the combinations of C. limon LC25 + C. aurantium LC25, C. limon LC25 + C. sinensis LC25, and C. sinensis LC25 + C. aurantium LC25 were tested to evaluate the combined effects of essential oils. The treatments had three replications and each replicate was performed on ten two-days-old adult insects in a completely randomized design. Also, the essential oils were analyzed by GC/MS to evaluate their major constituents. The LC50 value (µl.l-1) of essential oils of C. limon, C. sinensis, and C. aurantium was 3.8, 2.65, and 3.11 after 24 hours and 2.48, 1.93, and 2.88 after 48 hours on the S. granaries adults, 0.23, 2.41, and 2.66 after 24 hours and 0.13, 1.38, and 2.35 after 48 hours on C. maculatus, and 5.33, 2.76, and 1.35 after 24 hours and 24.2, 2.49, and 0.89 after 48 hours on T. confusum, respectively. The study on the combined effects of essential oils showed that the C. limon LC25 + C. sinensis LC25 treatment was more effective than the effect of each essential oil alone on all three pests. According to the results of this study, the use of Citrus peel essential oil, especially C. limon, could be recommended in the production of bio-pesticides.
N. Kargar; F. Mortezaienezhad
Abstract
This research was aimed to study the effects of different levels of fertilizer and vermicompost on performance indicators and the amount of hypoglycemic active ingredient (trigonelline) in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) for domestic and pharmaceutical uses. The experiment was conducted in a ...
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This research was aimed to study the effects of different levels of fertilizer and vermicompost on performance indicators and the amount of hypoglycemic active ingredient (trigonelline) in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) for domestic and pharmaceutical uses. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with two treatments and five replicates in comparison with the control group. The treatments consisted of three levels of NPK fertilizer (5, 10 and 15 grams) and vermicompost (10, 20 and 30% by volume), and the control pots containing garden soil with no treatments. The plant height, leaf number, leaf length, dry weight, fresh weight, and the amount of trigonelline were measured and evaluated. Our results showed that high levels of vermicompost and fertilizer increased the growth characteristics and the amount of trigonelline. According to the results, the highest concentration of trigonelline, shoot dry weight, shoot fresh weight, and leaf length were recorded for the treatments of 30% vermicompost; 15 g fertilizer; 15g fertilizer and 30% vermicompost; and 15 g fertilizer and 30% vermicompost, respectively. In general, 15g chemical fertilizer and 30 % by volume of vermicompost were the best treatments to increase the concentration of trigonelline and growth factors. Thus, to avoid the hazards of chemical fertilizers, the use of vermicompost is recommended for the cultivation of Fenugreek.
M.A. Alizadeh; H. Khamushi; A.A. Jafari; J. Daneshian
Abstract
Seeds of eight populations of Anthemis pseudocotula Boiss., A. tinctoria L. and A. triumfettiiL. were cultivated as single plant by using three replicated split plot design for planting date as main factor and the populations of three species as minor factor on the basis of randomized block design on ...
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Seeds of eight populations of Anthemis pseudocotula Boiss., A. tinctoria L. and A. triumfettiiL. were cultivated as single plant by using three replicated split plot design for planting date as main factor and the populations of three species as minor factor on the basis of randomized block design on two dates (May, and July). The study was conducted at Alborz Research Station in 2011. Each experimental unit included six rows with a distance of 50 cm and 10 plants per row, with a distance of 40 cm. During the growth period, the traits of crown length and width, plant height, number of flowers, fresh and dry weight were evaluated for the populations of three species. Analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences between two dates of cultivation (p<0.05), as well as among populations and their interaction effects (p<0.01) for all traits. Mean comparison of traits showed that crown length and width, plant height, number of flowers, fresh and dry weight of Anthemis pseudocotula were higher as compared to Anthemistinctoria and A. triumfettii. According to the obtained results, the vegetative and generative traits of Anthemis pseudocotula from 20172-Golestan population were superior as compared to other populations. However, no significant differences were found for the populations of Anthemis tinctoria. Our results clearly showed that Anthemis pseudocotula had lower GDD as compared to other species and flowered earlier. The percentage of essential oil ofAnthemis tinctoria was higher thanthat ofAnthemis pseudocotulaandAnthemistriumfettii.
O. Mirzaee Cheshmehgachi; Y. Nasiri; E. Esfandyari; M. Nouraein
Abstract
Vitamins affect many metabolic and biological processes in plants and participate in the synthesis of enzymes, nucleic acids, and proteins as coenzyme in their metabolic pathways. In order to evaluate the effect of foliar application of thiamine on growth, yield, yield components and essential oil of ...
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Vitamins affect many metabolic and biological processes in plants and participate in the synthesis of enzymes, nucleic acids, and proteins as coenzyme in their metabolic pathways. In order to evaluate the effect of foliar application of thiamine on growth, yield, yield components and essential oil of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), a field experiment was conducted as factorial on the basis of a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Iran in 2015. The treatments were included three levels of thiamine foliar application (zero; distilled water), 50 and 100 μm/l) and foliar application stages in four levels of stem elongation, flowering, grain filing, and all three stages. The results showed that the effect of thiamine on all traits was significant. The concentration of 50 μm/l thiamine had the maximum increasing effect on the number of sub stems, number of umbels per plant, number of umbelets per umbel, number of grains per umbelet, grain yield, and essential oil yield and the concentration of 100 μm/l thiamine had the maximum increasing effect on the plant height, 1000-grain weight, biological yield, and essential oil percentage,compared to control. The effect of foliar application stages on the number of umbelets per umbel, number of grains per umbelt, and 1000-grain weight were significant and their highest values were obtained by thiamine foliar application in all three stages (stemming, flowering, grain filing). The interaction effects of the treatments were not significant on any of the traits. In general, results of this experiment showed that the foliar application of 50 and 100 μm/l thiamine at stemming, flowering, and grain filing stages can improve the seed yield and essential oil yield of fennel.
A. Hosseini; F. Moradinezhad; M. Khayyat; M.H. Aminifard
Abstract
Calcium is one of the most important minerals involved in determining the quality of the fruit. Excessive waste and quality loss of seedless barberry (Berberis vulgaris L.) during harvesting, post-harvest, and storage are some of the important problems in production areas. Foliar application with minerals ...
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Calcium is one of the most important minerals involved in determining the quality of the fruit. Excessive waste and quality loss of seedless barberry (Berberis vulgaris L.) during harvesting, post-harvest, and storage are some of the important problems in production areas. Foliar application with minerals can increase the quality, yield, marketability, and reduce post-harvest losses through the provision of plant nutritional needs. Therefore, in this study, the effect of foliar application of calcium chloride and calcium nitrate on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of barberry fruit was carried out in a randomized complete block design. Treatments included control (distilled water), calcium chloride (0.5%), and calcium nitrate (0.5%). The foliar spray was performed in four stages of the growing season. The results showed that the highest mean number of panicles per branch, the number of berries per panicle, the number of berries per branch, and the fruit yield on the branches belonged to the calcium chloride treatment and the lowest amount in the control. The calcium chloride treatment increased the fresh weight diameter and length of branch compared to the control treatment. The highest amount of chlorophylls a and b and total chlorophyll was observed in the leaves of control trees. The effect of calcium chloride and calcium nitrate treatments on the appearance quality and texture of barberry fruit was significant, although it did not affect the chemical properties of the fruit. In general, the results showed that foliar application with calcium chloride and calcium nitrate salts improved the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the fruit compared to control.
K. Mojtabavi; M.T Darzi
Abstract
In order to study the effects of organic and bio-fertilizers application on flower yield, yield components and essential oil quality of marigold (Calendula officinalis L.), an experiment was conducted as randomized complete blocks design with six treatments and three replications at Sohanak in Tehran ...
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In order to study the effects of organic and bio-fertilizers application on flower yield, yield components and essential oil quality of marigold (Calendula officinalis L.), an experiment was conducted as randomized complete blocks design with six treatments and three replications at Sohanak in Tehran of Iran in 2014. The treatments were 6 t/ha vermicompost, 12 t/ha vermicompost, 18 t/ha vermicompost, 6 t/ha vermicompost + nitroxin, 12 t/ha vermicompost + nitroxin and 18 t/ha vermicompost + nitroxin. The results showed that treatments had significant effects on studied traits (except essential oil content), as the highest flower no./plant, dry weight of flower, dried yield of flower, essential oil yield and α-cadinol percent in essential oil in treatment of application of 6 t/ha vermicompost and the highest gamma cadinene percent and muurolene in essential oil in treatment of integrated application of 6 t/ha vermicompost and nitroxin were obtained. Also, the highest dry weight of plant and viridiflorene percent in essential oil in treatment of application of 12 t/ha vermicompost and the highest cadinene percent in essential oil in treatment of application of 18 t/ha vermicompost were obtained. Generally, the highest flower and essential oil yields and α-cadinol percent in essential oil with application of 6 t/ha vermicompost were obtained.
B. Poursina; P. Soleimani Roudi; M. Sedghi; A. Taibipour
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dry peppermint (Mentha piperita L.), thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and especially chicory (Chicorium intybus L.) leaves on performance and intestinal morphology of broilers using 360 one-day old chicks, in a completely randomized design with three treatments, ...
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dry peppermint (Mentha piperita L.), thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and especially chicory (Chicorium intybus L.) leaves on performance and intestinal morphology of broilers using 360 one-day old chicks, in a completely randomized design with three treatments, three replicates and 40 chickens in each replicate (20 male and 20 female). Treatments were arranged in: control group, 3Kg of chicory for treatment 2 and 1Kg of peppermint+1Kg of thyme+1Kg of chicory for treatment 3. The entire experimental period was divided into three phases; 1-10 days, 11-24 days and 25-42 days. Weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were evaluated. On 42th day, to assess the effects of treatments on villus length, crypt depth and the ratio of the villus height to the crypt depth in Jejunum and ileum, 6 birds from each treatment were slaughtered. Results indicated that the addition of these herbal plants, significantly increased body weight gain, feed consumption and improved feed conversion ratio (p<0.05). The maximum body weight gain and the best feed conversion ratio were related to the chicory treatment and the most of feed consumption was related to the third treatment (p<0.05). The morphological measurements of the jejunum, ileum and the ratio of the villus height to the crypt depth showed no response to dietary inclusion of these plants as compared with the control diet (p>0.05). In conclusion, the results from the current study suggest that feeding peppermint, thyme and especially chicory increases the growth performance and had no effect on intestinal morphology of broiler chickens.
Improvement and breeding
H. Hasan-beigi; M. Saidi; M. Mohammadi
Abstract
To investigate the effects of foliar application of gibberellic acid (GA3) and salicylic acid (SA) on the morphophysiological, biochemical, and yield characteristics of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench, an experiment began as a factorial in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications at ...
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To investigate the effects of foliar application of gibberellic acid (GA3) and salicylic acid (SA) on the morphophysiological, biochemical, and yield characteristics of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench, an experiment began as a factorial in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications at the research farm of Agriculture Faculty, Ilam University, Iran, by sowing the plants in 2018 and continued by evaluating the plant characteristics for the two consecutive years (2018 & 2019). The experimental treatments included the foliar spray of plants during vegetative growth period with GA3 (0, 100, and 200 ppm) and SA (0, 100, and 200 ppm) as well as their combinations. The results showed that the highest plant height, number of flowers, and fresh and dry weight of the plants (in both years) were obtained in the GA3-200 ppm treatment and the highest amount of total chlorophyll and carotenoids (in both years) in the GA3-100 ppm one. The highest capitol diameter and fresh and dry weight of flowers in the first year and the highest anthocyanins content in the second year were observed in the GA3-200 ppm treatment. Also, the highest capitol diameter in the second year and the highest anthocyanins content in the first year were obtained in the SA-100 ppm treatment. In addition, the highest fresh and dry weight of flowers in the second year was recorded in the SA-200 ppm treatment. The highest essential oil amount of flowers, shoots (without flowers), and total essential oil (in both years) were obtained in the GA3-100 ppm+SA-100 ppm combination treatment. Considering that increasing the plant dry matter yield as well as essential oil content were the most important objectives of this study, the GA3-200 ppm treatment for the plant dry weight increase and the GA3-100 ppm+SA-100 ppm combination treatment for the essential oil content increase could be suggested as the best treatments.
Phytochemistry (extraction, identification and measurement of active components)
S. Parsafar; Gh. Eghlima; M.H. Mirjalili; S. Nejad Ebrahimi; J. Hadian
Abstract
The morphological, yield, and phytochemical characteristics of Solidago virgaurea L. were studied at the full flowering stage in two habitats of Pol Sefid and Sang Deh in Mazandaran province in 2019. The traits including plant height, plant diameter, inflorescence length, number of stems, length and ...
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The morphological, yield, and phytochemical characteristics of Solidago virgaurea L. were studied at the full flowering stage in two habitats of Pol Sefid and Sang Deh in Mazandaran province in 2019. The traits including plant height, plant diameter, inflorescence length, number of stems, length and leaf width, length and ray floret width, tubular floret length, flower diameter, receptacle diameter, stem diameter, fresh and plant dry weight, fresh and leaf dry weight, fresh and stem dry weight, fresh and leaf+flower dry weight, and total phenols (by Folin-Ciocalteu method), flavonoids (by aluminum chloride method), and leiocarposide (by HPLC) contents were measured. The results showed that the highest amounts of inflorescence length (40 cm), flower diameter (21.1 mm), plant dry weight (9.44 g plant-1), flower dry weight (6.06 g plant-1), flower+leaf dry weight (7.22 g plant-1), and stem dry weight (2.22 g plant-1) were obtained in the population "Pol Sefid". A positive and significant correlation was observed between the plant dry weight and traits including the plant height, number of stems, stem diameter, flower diameter, plant fresh weight, fresh and leaf dry weight, fresh and stem dry weight, fresh and leaf+flower dry weight, and total flavonoids. The content of total phenols (26.95 mg Gallic acid/g DW), total flavonoids (8.82 mg Rutin/g DW), and leiocarposide (2.08 mg/g DW) was higher in the population "Sang Deh" than "Pol Sefid".
S.F. Taghizadeh; H. Aroiee; J. Asili
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effects of saline stress and coronatine on physiological and biochemical characteristics of two berberis cultivars (Berberis crataegina DC. and Berberis integerrima Bge.) in 2013. The study was arranged in a factorial completely randomized design (RCD) with four ...
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This study was conducted to determine the effects of saline stress and coronatine on physiological and biochemical characteristics of two berberis cultivars (Berberis crataegina DC. and Berberis integerrima Bge.) in 2013. The study was arranged in a factorial completely randomized design (RCD) with four replications. The study species were planted in the pots containing sand. The plants were treated with NaCl at four levels of 0, 25, 50, 75mM and three levels of coronatine (0. 0.75, 1.5mM). The results showed that the content of proline, total phenols, total flavonoids, total proanthocyanidine and anthocyanin increased in plants treated with salinity stress while the chlorophyll content was reduced by increasing of salt concentration. At the same concentration of NaCl, the maximum content of proline was recorded in plants treated with coronatine (1.5mM). The highest increase in the total chlorophyll content was related to coronatine (0.75mM); however, the content of total phenols, total flavonoids, total proanthocyanidine and anthocyanin was decreased at a concentration of 1.5mM coronatine.
K. Jaimand; M.B. Rezaee; Z. Abravesh; M. Golypour; M. Sharifee
Abstract
Oleuropein, a compound that cause the bitter taste of olive, has many pharmacological properties. It is a natural antioxidant. In this study, the leaves of nine cultivars of Olea europaea L. named: Olive Begonia, Olive Gorgan, Olive Dezful, Olive Khshavy, Olive Khoramabady, Olive Dagal, Olive Barbar, ...
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Oleuropein, a compound that cause the bitter taste of olive, has many pharmacological properties. It is a natural antioxidant. In this study, the leaves of nine cultivars of Olea europaea L. named: Olive Begonia, Olive Gorgan, Olive Dezful, Olive Khshavy, Olive Khoramabady, Olive Dagal, Olive Barbar, Olive Zahedy and Olive Red were collected from Fadak station in Dezful city (Khozestan province, western south of Iran) at September 2004. After extraction of leaves by methanol, the oleuropein contents of extracts were determined by HPLC. Maximum amount of oleuropein was found in Olive Khoramabady (0.08 mg/ml, 0.24% w/w) and minimum in Olive Dagal (0.04 mg/ml, 0.13% w/w).
N. Rahmani; S.A. Valadabadi; J. Daneshian; M. Bigdeli
Volume 24, Issue 1 , May 2008, , Pages 101-108
Abstract
In order to study the effect of water deficit stress and nitrogen on oil yield of Calendula (Calendula officinalis L.), an experiment was conducted at research field of Islamic Azad University of Takestan branch in 2006. Field experiment was carried out as split plot design with 4 replications. Water ...
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In order to study the effect of water deficit stress and nitrogen on oil yield of Calendula (Calendula officinalis L.), an experiment was conducted at research field of Islamic Azad University of Takestan branch in 2006. Field experiment was carried out as split plot design with 4 replications. Water deficit stress set as main factor with three levels (Irrigation after 40, 80 and 120 mm evaporation from pan class A) and Nitrogen level was 0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha-1. The results showed that water deficit stress had significant effect on oil yield, seed yield, oil percent, seed weight, seed per capitulum and capitulum diameter (α=1%). Means comparison showed that irrigation with 40 mm evaporation had and the highest oil yield and seed yield with 505.3 kg ha-1 and 3044 kg ha-1 and highest oil percent with 24.15% was achieved under irrigation with 120 mm evaporation. Moreover nitrogen had significant effect on oil yield, seed yield, oil percent, seed weight, seed per capitulum and capitulum diameter (α=1%). Means comparison showed that highest oil yield and seed yield with 377.4 kg ha-1and 1998 kg were achieved under application of 90 kg ha-1 nitrogen and the highest oil percentage with 22.16% was achieved under application of 60 kg ha-1 nitrogen. The results showed that water deficit stress and 60 kg ha-1 nitrogen increased oil percent, while oil yield of calendula decreased in this condition.
S. Mohsenzadeh; A.A. Amiri; N. Sayyadnia tayyebi
Abstract
Lapachol is a naphthoquinone with anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal and antivirus activities. Lapachol and some of its derivatives tested with good experimental results in tumors. The bark of some trees belonging to the Bignoniaceaefamily contain up to a few percent of lapachol and often a considerable ...
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Lapachol is a naphthoquinone with anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal and antivirus activities. Lapachol and some of its derivatives tested with good experimental results in tumors. The bark of some trees belonging to the Bignoniaceaefamily contain up to a few percent of lapachol and often a considerable amount of related compounds. Tecomella undulata (Roxb.) Seem. is the only native species of the family in arid and semi-arid of southern parts of Iran. In this research lapachol have been extracted from T. undulata inner bark stem that collected from near Darab in Fars province by three methods. The methods were heated methanol in microwave for 6 minutes, non-heated methanol and hot water at 90ºC temperature. The most effective extraction method was the heated methanol in microwave. According to this method, stem inner bark of T. undulata has 3.6% Lapachol in dry weight which is determined by high performance liquid chromatography.
Volume 2, Issue 1 , February 1999, , Pages 115-120
Abstract
Ziziphora tenuir L. is a genus belongs to labiatae which has wild growing in many parts of Iran. Aerial parts of this plant is used for some medicinal purposes treatment of weakness of the stomach and curing dysentery and also used as culinary herbs.
As part of screening programme on the aromatic plants ...
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Ziziphora tenuir L. is a genus belongs to labiatae which has wild growing in many parts of Iran. Aerial parts of this plant is used for some medicinal purposes treatment of weakness of the stomach and curing dysentery and also used as culinary herbs.
As part of screening programme on the aromatic plants of Iran, we are going to report the chemical composition of the essential oil from this plant which is named locally “Kakouti”.
E. Nikkhah; M. Khayami; R. Heidari
Volume 25, Issue 1 , May 2009, , Pages 120-128
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are various forms of activated oxygen and nitrogen that cause DNA damage that may lead to mutation 3. In fact, free radicals are believed to play important roles in different health conditions, including the aging process, cancer and atherosclerosis. ...
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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are various forms of activated oxygen and nitrogen that cause DNA damage that may lead to mutation 3. In fact, free radicals are believed to play important roles in different health conditions, including the aging process, cancer and atherosclerosis. Several anti-inflammatory, digestive, anti-necrotic, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective drugs, have recently been shown to have an antioxidant and/or radical scavenging mechanism as part of their activity. Many studies have demonstrated the antioxidant activities and health benefits of the anthocyanins occurring in various fruits and vegetables. Anthocyanins are a group of naturally occurring phenolic compounds, which are responsible for the attractive colors of many flowers, fruits (particularly in berries), vegetables and related products derived from them. These polyphenolic substances are glycosides of poly hydroxy and poly methoxy-derivatives of 2-phenylbenzopyrylium or flavilium salts. Grapes and berries are the chief dietary sources of anthocyanins. Berries are rich in anthocyanins, compounds that provide pigmentation to fruits and serve as natural antioxidants. Earlier studies have shown that berry anthocyanins are beneficial in reducing age_associated oxidative stress. The aim of this study was evaluation of inhibitory effect of anthocyanins from three spicies of berries. In this study, anthocyanin pigments were extracted from berries with Cribago & Francis method. Nitric oxide radical inhibition assay of berries’ extracts have been done by the use of Griess Illosvoy reaction. The scavenging of nitric oxide by berries extract was increased in a dose-dependent manner.
M. Najafpour Navaei; M. Mirza
Volume 23, Issue 1 , May 2007, , Pages 128-133
Abstract
Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. is an aromatic and medicinal plant which grows in high and mountainous parts of Iran. It is a considerable plant for its high amount of essential oil. The aim of this study is comparing the essential oil of cultivated plant with its natural samples. The aerial parts of wild ...
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Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. is an aromatic and medicinal plant which grows in high and mountainous parts of Iran. It is a considerable plant for its high amount of essential oil. The aim of this study is comparing the essential oil of cultivated plant with its natural samples. The aerial parts of wild sample were collected from Jeirod of Tehran province and cultivated sample gathered from field in Research Institute of Forest and Rangelands. Essential oils isolated by hydro-distillation and analyzed by a combination of capillary GC and GC/MS. The results showed that there are some similarities in the cultivated and wild samples. In the oil of wild sample limonene (29.1%), methyl geranate (17.7%), geranial (15.8%) and neral (11.9%) were the major components. In the oil of cultivated sample myrthenol (30.1%), limonene(23.6%), geranial (14.3%) and neral (9.3%) were the main components.
M. Zarooshan; F. Bernard; Z. Heydarian
Abstract
Thymus daenensis Celak. is an endemic plant species in Iran used for medicinal purposes. It seems that In vitro culture is a useful technique for its propagation. In vitro culture conditions cause water stress or hyperhydricity in tissues due to the cut in the plant tissue and changes in levels of plant ...
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Thymus daenensis Celak. is an endemic plant species in Iran used for medicinal purposes. It seems that In vitro culture is a useful technique for its propagation. In vitro culture conditions cause water stress or hyperhydricity in tissues due to the cut in the plant tissue and changes in levels of plant hormones compared to natural conditions and may vary depending on the type of medium, type of agar and available water. Hyperhydricity syndrome is one of the major problems that occur in in vitro growth and through a deformity prevents the propagation of plants. In shoot culture of Thymus daenensis Celak., hyperhydricity happens commonly. In this investigation, the effect of benzyladenine and salicylic acid were studied on shoot hyperhydricity syndrome. For this purpose, disinfected seeds were cultured into glass jars containing Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with benzyladenine (0.1mgl-1). Non benzyladenine-treated plantlets were transferred to the same medium and benzyladenine-treated plantlets were cultured in four experimental media including without benzyladenine, with 1mgl-1 benzyladenine in presence or without 5µM salicylic acid. Afterward, effects of the mentioned treatments on hyperhydricity, morphological and physiological characteristics of the plant were measured. Results showed that benzyladenine singly caused hyperhydricity in shoot explants of Thymus daenensis. After transferring the explants to the medium free of benzyladenine, hyperhydricity reversed toward normal state and the presence of salicylic acid improved this reversion. Salicylic acid reduced water content in shoot explants and enhanced the amount of photosynthetic pigments. In benzyladenine treated sample, the hyperhydricity was not reversed by salicylic acid.
A. Rahimi
Abstract
In order to investigate seed pre-treatment and irrigation interval effects on quantity and quality yield of the primed seeds of cumin (Cuminum ciminum L.), an experiment was carried out in research field of Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan in 2009. The study was conducted as a Factorial experiment ...
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In order to investigate seed pre-treatment and irrigation interval effects on quantity and quality yield of the primed seeds of cumin (Cuminum ciminum L.), an experiment was carried out in research field of Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan in 2009. The study was conducted as a Factorial experiment based on RCBD with four levels of seed pre-treatment (Control or without pre-treatment, seed pre-treatment with distilled water, seed pre-treatment with -0.3 and -0.9 Mpa PEG solution) and different irrigation intervals (5, 7, 9 and 11 days). The results indicated that the seed yield was significantly decreased with increasing of irrigation intervals which was related to more decrease of umbel number and seed number per umbel. The results also indicated that the percentage of the essence was increased with increasing irrigation interval however it was decreased in 11-day irrigation interval. Thousand seed weight and harvest index were not affected by seed pre-treatment and irrigation intervals. The highest umbel number in plant (14.62) and seed number per umbel (13.16) were obtained in seed pre-treatment of -0.3 Mpa PEG (P3), and in 5 and 7-day irrigation intervals. Totally, the highest seed yield (628.7 kg.ha-1) was obtained in seed pre-treatment of -0.3 Mpa PEG (P3) and 5-day irrigation interval and the highest essence content (3.62 %) was obtained in pre-treatment of distilled water (P2) and 7-day irrigation interval.
