F. Rahimi Malekshan; A. Tavakoli; M. Rastgoo; M.R. Azimi
Abstract
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), adapted to arid and semi arid regions, is grown for seed and petal production. This research, conducted at Research Farm of Zanjan University, was aimed to select the best genotype for seed and petal production using a factorial experiment in a randomized complete ...
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Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), adapted to arid and semi arid regions, is grown for seed and petal production. This research, conducted at Research Farm of Zanjan University, was aimed to select the best genotype for seed and petal production using a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor included the harvesting time of petals at two levels including petal harvesting in the beginning of the flowering and petal harvesting after pollination and petals wilting. The second factor included different genotypes of safflower at five levels (Goldasht, Sina, Zendehrod, MEC88, and MEC59). The traits investigated in this study included number of petals per plant, number of seeds per petal, 1000-seed weight, seed and petal yield and petals color. According to the obtained results, the highest seed and petal yield were obtained for MEC88 genotype; however, its petals were pale yellow and not suitable for petal production. The harvesting time of petals had no significant effects on seed yield but delayed harvesting of petals caused to the reduction of petal yield. Number of capitol per plant showed a positive and significant correlation with seed and petals yield. Among the studied genotypes, Zendehrod cultivar is very suitable for dual-purpose cultivation and Goldasht cultivar is suitable for petal production due to the dark red petals.
P. Arvin; R. Firouzeh
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of plant densities (20, 30, 40, and 50 plants per square meter) and foliar application of gibberellin in two levels (0 and 100 Μg L-1) on some of the physiological and morphological traits of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). The experiment, carried ...
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An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of plant densities (20, 30, 40, and 50 plants per square meter) and foliar application of gibberellin in two levels (0 and 100 Μg L-1) on some of the physiological and morphological traits of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). The experiment, carried out in the research farm of Bojnourd Payame Noor University in 2016, was based on a Randomized Complete Blocks (RCB) with three replications. The effects of 20-plant density with gibberellin spray showed the highest plant dry matter percentage as well as the highest number of lateral branches and leaves. The application of gibberellin increased the sugar content by 12.7% in comparison to the control sample; additionally, the highest sugar content (220.79 mg.g-1 F.W) was obtained in the 20-plant density. By increasing the plant density, the content of chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoids decreased. The interaction effect of the 20-plant density ×gibberellin with 72.11 mg.g-1 F.W caused the highest content of chlorophyll a, while the lowest content was recorded for the 50-plant density ×control with 60.7 mg.g-1F.W. The application of gibberellin caused superiority in both seed yield (686.22 Kg.ha-1) and essential oil (0.327%) compared to the control sample. The highest number of compound umbrella and the highest number of seeds per compound umbrella were obtained in the 20 and 30- plant densities, respectively. However, the 1000-seed weight, ultimate yield, oil yield, and essential oil percentage were the highest in the 50-plant density. In general, in higher densities, the ultimate yield seems to increase due to the increased number of plant per unit area, but the yield components are reduced.
Agriculture and horticulture
M. Nikbakht; M. Solouki; M. Aran
Abstract
To study the effects of foliar application of Zn element via nano- and chemical fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of medicinal plant bitter apple (Citrullus colocynthis L.), an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications at the Agricultural ...
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To study the effects of foliar application of Zn element via nano- and chemical fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of medicinal plant bitter apple (Citrullus colocynthis L.), an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Institute of Zabol University in 2019. Experimental treatments included foliar application of zinc nano-chelate at two concentrations (1000 and 2000 mg L-1), zinc sulfate at two concentrations (1000 and 2000 mg L-1), and control (water foliar application). The results showed that foliar application of Zn had a significant effect on the yield and number of fruits per plant, and the seed phenol content with the highest amount of these traits in zinc nano-chelate treatment at the concentration of 2000 mg L-1. Also, Zn foliar application increased the seed soluble carbohydrate content with the highest amount of this index in zinc nano-chelate treatment at the concentration of 1000 mg L-1. Zinc foliar application increased the concentration of Zn element in the leaves, while it did not affect the concentrations of N, P, and K elements. Generally, the application of zinc nano-chelate was more effective on the yield and number of fruits per plant, and seed phenol content than zinc sulfate.
M. Kazemi
Abstract
Artemisia aucheri Boiss. is a medicinal herb belonging to the Asteraceae family which its antimicrobial effects have been extensively investigated. There is limited information on the effect of hexane extract of this plant on fermentation conditions caused by ruminal microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, ...
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Artemisia aucheri Boiss. is a medicinal herb belonging to the Asteraceae family which its antimicrobial effects have been extensively investigated. There is limited information on the effect of hexane extract of this plant on fermentation conditions caused by ruminal microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, and protozoa); therefore, this research aimed to investigate the effect of hexane extract of Artemisia aucheri Boiss. prepared by soxhlet [0 (control), 150, 300 and 450 mgl-1 on fermentation characteristics, gas production parameters and degradability of a diet supplied for fattening lambs under in vitro conditions. By increasing the amount of extract to the culture media, pH and total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) decreased and increased respectively when compared to the control treatment (linearly). The highest amount of gas production parameters (potential gas production, cumulative gas production after 48 and 72 h), and the lowest constant rate of gas production (cgas), partitioning factor (PF) and efficiency of microbial mass synthesis were observed at 450 mgl-1 of the extract. According to the results, it seems that hexane extract of Artemisia aucheri Boiss. has somewhat improved the fermentation conditions in the culture media, especially by the increase of TVFA as the most important source of energy production in ruminants.
Improvement and breeding
M. Naghizadeh; R. Kabiri; K. Maghsoudi
Abstract
Ascorbic acid and melatonin as the biostimulants affect the biosynthesis of phytohormones, facilitate and increase the nutrients uptake, enhance the defense mechanisms, stimulate the root growth, and finally, increase the quality and quantity of the product by affecting the plant metabolites. This study ...
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Ascorbic acid and melatonin as the biostimulants affect the biosynthesis of phytohormones, facilitate and increase the nutrients uptake, enhance the defense mechanisms, stimulate the root growth, and finally, increase the quality and quantity of the product by affecting the plant metabolites. This study was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications to investigate the effects of foliar application of melatonin and ascorbic acid on the grain yield and mucilage content of Plantago ovata Forssk. in the research greenhouse of Bardsir Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman in 2020. The experimental treatments included the foliar application of distilled water (control), melatonin 100 μM, ascorbic acid 100 μM, and melatonin 100 μM + ascorbic acid 100 μM. The foliar application treatments continued from the time of complete establishment of seedlings (3-4 leaves) to the physiological maturity stage of seeds (four times every two weeks). The results showed that the foliar application of melatonin and ascorbic acid (single and combined application) enhanced the number of tillers per plant, number of spikes per plant, spike length, number of seeds per spike, and 1000-seed weight significantly. The highest grain yield was obtained from the foliar application of melatonin (59.98 g.m-2) and melatonin + ascorbic acid (61.85 g.m-2) without statistically significant differences with each other. The ascorbic acid foliar application also significantly increased the grain yield by 6.61% compared to the control. The foliar application of ascorbic acid, melatonin, and melatonin + ascorbic acid increased the mucilage content by 12.29, 19.89, and 23.80%, respectively compared to the control. The application of melatonin alone or in combination with the ascorbic acid, without statistically significant differences with each other, had the greatest positive effect on increasing the mucilage percentage. The mucilage yield was obtained 10.03, 13.47, 14.94, and 15.64 g.m-2 in the control, ascorbic acid, melatonin, and melatonin + ascorbic acid treatments, respectively. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the foliar application of melatonin and ascorbic acid could improve the quantitative and qualitative yield of P. ovata, and among the treatments their combined application was more effective.
Y. Molodi; M. Daneshyar
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of different levels of Rosemary (0, 100 and 200 mg per kg) and peppermint (0, 100 and 200 mg per kg) essential oils on performance, internal organs and some blood indices using360 one-day old quail. The experiment was conducted in a 3×3 factorial arrangement ...
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This study aimed to investigate the effects of different levels of Rosemary (0, 100 and 200 mg per kg) and peppermint (0, 100 and 200 mg per kg) essential oils on performance, internal organs and some blood indices using360 one-day old quail. The experiment was conducted in a 3×3 factorial arrangement based on a completely randomized design with nine treatments and four replications (10 birds per repetition). The results showed that the consumption of highest level of rosemary essential oil caused the increased feed consumption during week 2 of age (P<0.05). Peppermint essential oils affected the feed consumption during week 4 of age (P<0.05) and the quails fed with the medium peppermint essential oil (100 ppm) had the lower feed conversion ratio as compared to the other levels. Moreover, the results of the experiment showed that consumption of rosemary and peppermint essential oils alone or together had no effects on the breast, thigh, liver and spleen weights (P>0.05). The essential oils of rosemary and peppermint plants did not change the blood indices of triglyceride, protein, urea, creatinine and HDL (P>0.05). There was a trend for the effect of rosemary essential oil on length of both jejunum and ileum (P=0.09) and the 100 and 200 ppm rosemary caused the higher length of both jejunum and ileum at day 35 of age. In conclusion, the consumption of rosemary and peppermint essential oils improved the performance of quails in the early ages.
A. Zarezadeh; S.R. Tabaei aghdaei; A. Mirhosseini; M.R. Arabzadeh; L. Mirjani
Abstract
Satureja belongs to lamiaceae with different species throughout the world. Annual and perennial species of this medicinal plant grow naturally in Iran, of which nine species are endemic. In this research, perennial species of Iranian savory were evaluated during 2009-2013, Yazd, Iran. Accessions of different ...
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Satureja belongs to lamiaceae with different species throughout the world. Annual and perennial species of this medicinal plant grow naturally in Iran, of which nine species are endemic. In this research, perennial species of Iranian savory were evaluated during 2009-2013, Yazd, Iran. Accessions of different species were cultivated at Research Station of Medicinal Plants using a randomized complete block design. Different traits including percentage of plant establishment, plant height, plant canopy diameter, shoot fresh yield, shoot dry yield and oil content were measured. Variance analysis showed significant differences (p<0.01) among accessions for plant establishment, plant canopy diameter, plant height, essential oil percentage, shoot dry yield and leaf dry yield . Based on mean comparisons, SKM (Satureja bachtiarica) from Yazd, 107 (S. spicigera) from Gilan, 15 (S. rechingeri) from Ilam, 123-1 and 123-2 (S. mutica) from Khorasan province were superior accessions for valuable agronomic traits such as percentage of establishment, shoot yield and oil content.
A Salimi; V. Rowshan; E. Khanpoor
Abstract
This research was aimed to investigate the effect of salinity on quality and quantity of essential oil components and antioxidant activity in Achillea millefolium L. The study was conducted in a completely randomized design in greenhouse, controlled environment, with four treatments including 0 (control), ...
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This research was aimed to investigate the effect of salinity on quality and quantity of essential oil components and antioxidant activity in Achillea millefolium L. The study was conducted in a completely randomized design in greenhouse, controlled environment, with four treatments including 0 (control), 50, 100 and 150 mM NaCl and four replications per treatment. The essential oil was first extracted and the active components of the essential oil were separated and identified by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) methods. Then, the proline content in fresh leaf and antioxidant activity of methanolic extract were determined. According to the results, the essential oil yield showed a significant increase at 150 mM NaCl. Regarding the essential oil composition, the main compounds were delta-cadinol, trans-beta-farnesene, α-Bisabolol, borneol, caryophyllene oxide, and menthone, showing an increase with increasing salinity. Some compounds such as sabinene, cis-β-ocimene, cis-γ-bisabolene were only detected in control treatment. Menthone, beta-bisabolene, epi-beta-santalene, and 1,8-cineole were only detected in the plants treated with salt. Proline content was increased with increased concentration of NaCl. The results showed that radical scavenging activity and reducing power of yarrow extract increased with increasing of salinity concentration. Our findings suggest that salt stress increases the antioxidant compounds in Achillea millefolium.
Improvement and breeding
Farahnaz Houshidari; Seyed Reza Tabaei-Aghdaei; Fatemeh Sefidkon; Bayzid Yousefi
Abstract
Abstract: Savory belongs to the family Lamiaceae and genus Satureja. Among the 16 species of savory in Iran, 9 are endemic to Iran. In this study, we evaluated the adaptation of different savory accessions (Satureja spp.) in the climatic condition of Kurdistan province. For this purpose, we studied 37 ...
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Abstract: Savory belongs to the family Lamiaceae and genus Satureja. Among the 16 species of savory in Iran, 9 are endemic to Iran. In this study, we evaluated the adaptation of different savory accessions (Satureja spp.) in the climatic condition of Kurdistan province. For this purpose, we studied 37 accessions belonging to 10 species of Satureja in an experiment with a randomized complete block design in three replications at the Grize Station in Sanandaj during 2009-2013. Savory species include S.sahendica Bornm, S. avromanica Maroofi, S. bachtiarica Bunge, S. spicigera (C. Koch) Boiss, S. mutica Fisch, S. macrantha CAMey, S. atropatana Bunge, S. rechingeriJamzad ,S. khuzistanica Jamzad, S.isophylla Rech. First, we collected the seeds of 37 populations from the Satureja spp. from different regions of Iran as a part of a large project executed by experts in the Iranian Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands. Then we planted the seeds using transplanting trays and finally at the stage of 8-10 leaves, the healthy plants were selected to be cultivated in special pots. Based on the results of variance analysis there was a significant difference between species and accessions at the level of (p≤0.01) in terms of essential oil yield percentage, essential oil yield per hectare (based on the dry weight of flower and leaf per hectare), total phenolic compounds of essential oil, plant’s fresh weight yield per hectare and plant’s dry weight yield per hectare, dry weight of leaf and flower yield per hectare, canopy area, the mean of the branch’s height and establishment percentage. Also, the effect of year on essential oil yield was significant.
A. Najafi Ashtiani; M.H. Lebaschi
Abstract
Due to correction of dry farming system and possibilities for replacement of low efficient plants, Fennel as a domestic, tolerant and valuable medicinal plant was used. Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is a perennial medicinal plant, which grows in 7 month per year. Its values are for medical, spice, health ...
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Due to correction of dry farming system and possibilities for replacement of low efficient plants, Fennel as a domestic, tolerant and valuable medicinal plant was used. Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is a perennial medicinal plant, which grows in 7 month per year. Its values are for medical, spice, health and soil conservation effects. One of the important components of Fennel is Trans-anethol, which is in the seeds. This experiment was carried out in Damavand dry land region with using a Complete Randomized Blocks Design (CRBD), in three replications. The treatments were three geographic orients with 50–55% slopes. The result shows a significant different among the seed yield which planted in the different orients. The highest yield obtains at third year with 1527 Kgha-1 in north orient and the lowest yield with 196 Kgha-1, which was related to the south orient in the first year. The north orient produced most seed yield with 1170 Kgha-1 in mean three years which was significant different with south orient. The 3 years growth of Fennel in Damavand region shows its dry farming possibility. Thus, Foeniculum vulgare could be cultivated in dry farming system as a tolerant medicinal plant, which produces economic seed yield.
H. Aliabadi Farahani; A. Arbab; B. Abbaszadeh
Volume 24, Issue 1 , May 2008, , Pages 18-30
Abstract
In order to study the effects of super phosphate triple, water deficit stress and Glomus hoi biological fertilizer on some quantity and quality characteristics of Coriander, this experiment was conducted at Iran Research Institute of Forest and Rangelands in 2006. Field experiment was carried out by ...
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In order to study the effects of super phosphate triple, water deficit stress and Glomus hoi biological fertilizer on some quantity and quality characteristics of Coriander, this experiment was conducted at Iran Research Institute of Forest and Rangelands in 2006. Field experiment was carried out by a split factorial design with 4 replications. The factors which studied were 0, 16 and 32 kg ha-1 P2O5 (super phosphate triple) and two levels irrigation, irrigation after 30 mm water evaporation from evaporation pan (without stress conditions), irrigation after 60 mm water evaporation (drought stress conditions) and application and non-application of mycorrhiza (Glomus hoi). The results showed that drought stress has significant effect on biological yield, flowering shoot yield and essential oil yield of flowering shoot, root yield, root length, root diameter, essential oil percentage of flowering shoot (α=1%). Highest biological yield, flowering shoot yield, essential oil yield of flowering shoot, root yield and root diameter were achieved without stress conditions and highest essential oil percent of flowering shoot and root length were achieved under stress conditions. Also phosphorus significant effects on biological yield, flowering shoot yield, essential oil yield of flowering shoot, root yield, essential oil percentage of flowering shoot and root length (α=1%) and root diameter were not significantly affected due to phosphorus. Comparison of means showed that highest biological yield, flowering shoot yield, essential oil yield of flowering shoot, root yield and root length were determined under application of 70 kg ha-1 phosphorus and highest essential oil percentage of flowering shoot were achieved under application of 35 kg ha-1 phosphorus. Mycorrhiza significant effect on biological yield, flowering shoot yield, essential oil yield of flowering shoot, root yield (α=1%) and root length (α=5%) and root diameter and essential oil percent of flowering shoot were not significant. Highest biological yield, flowering shoot yield and essential oil yield of flowering shoot, root yield and root length were achieved under application of mycorrhiza. The result showed that quantity and quality characteristics of Coriander increased by mycorrhiza and decreased application of phosphorus.
M. Lotfi; B. Abbaszadeh; M. Mirza
Abstract
In this study the effect of drought stress on morphological traits, metabolites proline accumulation, soluble carbohydrates and the yield of Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.), was evaluated in order to produce Tarragon in drought stress condition as a medicinal plant, and also determine the threshold ...
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In this study the effect of drought stress on morphological traits, metabolites proline accumulation, soluble carbohydrates and the yield of Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.), was evaluated in order to produce Tarragon in drought stress condition as a medicinal plant, and also determine the threshold of stress tolerance. This research was done using randomized complete blocks design with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The stress treatments were included T1 (100% of field capacity), T2 (80% of field capacity), T3 (60% of field capacity) and T4 (40% of field capacity). According to the results of statistical analysis, the drought stress had significant effect on morphological traits, flowering shoot yield, proline and soluble carbohydrates. In addition, the enhancement of drought stress led to decrease in plant height, canopy diameter, leaf length, leaf width and leaf surface, stem diameter, the length of longest lateral shoot, root length and its development, shoot yield and dry leaf yield. Comparison of treatment means showed that the highest plant height, canopy diameter, leaf length, leaf width and leaf surface, stem diameter, the length of longest lateral shoot, root length, shoot yield and dry leaf yield were related to T1 (non stress); in addition, the highest amount of proline, soluble carbohydrates and root development were related to T4 (40%FC). Therefore, drought stress had negative effect on most morphological traits and flowering shoot yield; however, it led to increase in the root length, proline and soluble carbohydrates of flowering shoots.
L. Sadat Khorsandi; F. Javadnia; M. Orazizadeh; M. Abdolahi
Abstract
Regarding highly prescription of medicines, in recent years, herbal effects on prevention and treatment of toxicity induced by various drugs have received a great deal of attention. After water, tea is the most widely consumed beverage in the world. Green tea (Camellia sinensis L.) has antioxidant and ...
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Regarding highly prescription of medicines, in recent years, herbal effects on prevention and treatment of toxicity induced by various drugs have received a great deal of attention. After water, tea is the most widely consumed beverage in the world. Green tea (Camellia sinensis L.) has antioxidant and detoxification activities. In this study protective effect of green tea extract on hepaotoxicity induced by acetaminophen has been evaluated. 32 male mice were randomly divided into 4 groups. Control group received only normal saline. Green tea extract group was fed by 7mg/l green tea extract for 30 days. 500 mg/kg acetaminophen was administrated to acetaminophen group. Experimental group recieved 7mg/l green tea extract for 30 days and a single dose of 500 mg/kg acetaminophen prescribed in 29th day. In 31st day blood samples were taken from jugular arteries for biochemical tests. Then the liver placed in 10% formalin for histopathology assessments. ALT (Alanin Teransferase) and AST (Aspartate Teransferase) reduced significantly in experimental group (p<0.05). Histopathology assessments showed that necrosis of liver, congestion of blood cells and accumulation of inflammatory cells also reduced in experimental group compared to acetaminophen treated mice. These finding suggest that Green tea extract might have protective effect on liver damage induced by acetaminophen.
R. Rabei; J. Sohrabipour
Volume 23, Issue 1 , May 2007, , Pages 23-38
Abstract
Gracilaria salicornia (C.Agardh) Dawson is an agarophytic alga which has wide distribution in tropical seas. The species has formed small communities in northeast of the Qeshm island in south of Iran. In this study seasonal changes of biomass and two communities of the species were studied since October ...
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Gracilaria salicornia (C.Agardh) Dawson is an agarophytic alga which has wide distribution in tropical seas. The species has formed small communities in northeast of the Qeshm island in south of Iran. In this study seasonal changes of biomass and two communities of the species were studied since October 2001 for a year. The transect–quadrate method used in this study and monthly production and percentage cover of the species were measured in different depths of the intertidal regions of the two communities. In this study Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed that there are significant differences in percentage cover and production (dry weight) of Gracilaria salicornia with respect to depth ranges (shore elevation) (P<0.01). The highest dry production (598.9±67.2 g/m2) and percentage cover (% 69.12±3.7) of Gracilaria salicornia were determined between 2.7 to 3.5 m. depth of sea water.
F. Salehi; M.A. Samih
Abstract
The common pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt and Lauterer (Hem.: Aphalaridae), is one of the most important pests of pistachio orchards in Iran. In this study, the effect of ethanol extracts of Thymusv ulgaris L., Rosmarinus officinalis Save., Ricinus communis L. and Sophopra alopecuriodes ...
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The common pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt and Lauterer (Hem.: Aphalaridae), is one of the most important pests of pistachio orchards in Iran. In this study, the effect of ethanol extracts of Thymusv ulgaris L., Rosmarinus officinalis Save., Ricinus communis L. and Sophopra alopecuriodes L. were studied on the mortality of this pest in vitro. The bioassay experiments were done within 8-cm-diameter Petri dishes, containing pistachio leaf disks and fifth instar nymphs of common pistachio psylla. Different concentrations of extracts were sprayed on nymphs, by using the spray tower, and distilled water and ethanol were used as control. Nymphal mortality was calculated at 36 and 48h post-treatment. The experiment was conducted in a CRD design with three replications for each concentration of each treatment. According to the obtained results, the effect of different concentrations of all treatments was significant on the mortality of pest at 36 and 48h after treatment. The LC50 values for T. vulgaris, R. officinalis, R. communis and S. alopecuriodes (flowers) and S.alopecuriodes (leavs)at 36hafter treatmentwere calculated to be 386.642, 322.207, 314.338, 94.367 and 25.127 g/l, respectively. Based on the toxicity of extract used in this study at 24 and 48 hours after treatment, T. vulgaris and S. alopecuriodes extracts hadthe lowest and highest insecticidal effect on common pistachio psylla, respectively. The extract of S. alopecuriodes flowers and leaves was more effective and it could be used as an effective and environmentally friendly compound candidate in controlling this pest.
F. Sefidkon; S. Meshkizadeh; S. Shahrzad
Volume 18, Issue 1 , February 2003, , Pages 23-42
Abstract
Sequoia is a very big and ever green tree with 45-90 meter height. It is native to the side of Atlantic Ocean, Which is also cultivated in Iran. The plant materials were collected from one of the Sequoia trees from Rezvanshahr Garden in August. The height to this tree was 40 meter and it was 30 years ...
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Sequoia is a very big and ever green tree with 45-90 meter height. It is native to the side of Atlantic Ocean, Which is also cultivated in Iran. The plant materials were collected from one of the Sequoia trees from Rezvanshahr Garden in August. The height to this tree was 40 meter and it was 30 years old. For preparation of tissue culture samples, the end part of shoots in 1-2 centimeter length have been cultivated. The leaves from main tree and also tissue culture sample were hydro- distilled for their essential oils. The oils were analyzed by combination of capillary GC and GC/MS. 72 Compounds were identified in the leaf oil of main tree and 37 compounds were characterized in the leaf oil of tissue culture sample. The main components of the oil from main tree were β- phellandrene and limonene (13.30%), α- pinene (6.83%), terpinene –4-ol (6.47%), g-teroubebe *5.44%) and germacrene B (4.17%), while the major components of the oil from tissue culture sample were α- pinene (26.30%), α- terpinenyl acetate (14.40%), sabinene (13.60%), g- terpinene (7.10%), germacrene D (6.90%), b-phellandrene and limonene (6.60 %) and p-cymene (5.00%). Althoug these components were found in both oils, but the higher percentage of some useful compounds in the oil of tissue culture sample, gave it more effective character.
M. Hejazi Mehrizi; H. Shariatmadari; A.H. Khoshgoftarmanesh; F. Moattar
Abstract
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is one of the medicinal plants exhibiting potential for secondary metabolite production. In the present study, the interaction effects of zinc nutrition and salinity on growth of Rosemary, total phenolic content, DPPH radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing ...
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Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is one of the medicinal plants exhibiting potential for secondary metabolite production. In the present study, the interaction effects of zinc nutrition and salinity on growth of Rosemary, total phenolic content, DPPH radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were studied in a Zn deficient soil. Two zinc levels (0 and 10 mg kg-1 Zn as ZnSO4) and three salinity levels (0, 50 and 100 mM NaCl in irrigation water) were used as treatments in a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with four replications. According to the results, salinity did not show significant effect on shoot dry weight production which indicates salinity tolerance of Rosemary. 100 mM NaCl salinity increased total phenolic content, DPPH radical scavenging activity and FRAP up to 3, 8 and 5 percent respectively. 10 mg Zn added to the soil also increased total phenolic content (2%), DPPH radical scavenging activity (4%) and FRAP (3%). The results of correlation test showed that increase of antioxidant activity in Rosemary grown under salinity condition was due to the increase of total phenolic content. Our findings suggest that salt stress and suitable Zn nutrition increase antioxidant compounds in Rosemary.
F. Pirjalili; H. Omidi
Abstract
This research was aimed to investigate the effects of drought stress on grain yield and qualitative characteristics of three populations of Lallemantia royleana Benth. The study was conducted in the research farm of Collage of Agriculture of Shahed University. This study was conducted in a split plot ...
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This research was aimed to investigate the effects of drought stress on grain yield and qualitative characteristics of three populations of Lallemantia royleana Benth. The study was conducted in the research farm of Collage of Agriculture of Shahed University. This study was conducted in a split plot based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications during 2013-2014. The experimental factors consisted of four levels of drought stress as the main plots including control or soil water potential (SWP) of -0.5atm as field capacity (FC), soil water potential (SWP) of -3.5 atm as moderate stress, soil water potential (SWP) of -6.5 atm as relatively sever stress, and soil water potential (SWP) of -9 atm as severe stress. The Balangu populations including Mashhad, Kerman, and Taleghan were considered as sub-plots. The traits measured included grain yield, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, mucilage percent, turgor factor, and proline content. The results showed that the population and the interaction of drought stress and population had significant effects on chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll, proline and grain yield at the 1% level. The effect of drought stress was found to be significant on grain yield, photosynthetic pigments, leaf proline content (P<0.01), and the total chlorophyll content (P<5% ). However, the effect of drought stress on the content of chlorophyll b was not significant. In the severe stress conditions, the greatest change in proline content was found in Mashhad population and the relatively high stress level (26.26) as compared to control (0.7). As well, the content of chlorophyll a (0.5 mg per gram) and carotenoid decreased in moderate stress (0.96 mg/g) as compared with control treatment. Among the study populations in the control treatment (field capacity), the highest grain yield (940.78kg per hectare) was obtained from Mashhad population and the lowest grain yield (194.43 kg per ha) in the severe stress conditions (-9 atm) was obtained from Taleghan population.
M. Mirza; Z. Baher Nik
Volume 14, Issue 1 , January 2003, , Pages 25-37
Abstract
Tilia platyphyllos which belongs to Tiliaceae family has aromatic flowers. The flowers were collected from Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands and extracted by hexane solvent. The absolute of linden was prepared by using Ethyl alcohol. The absolute were analyzed by GC/MS. Nineteen compounds ...
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Tilia platyphyllos which belongs to Tiliaceae family has aromatic flowers. The flowers were collected from Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands and extracted by hexane solvent. The absolute of linden was prepared by using Ethyl alcohol. The absolute were analyzed by GC/MS. Nineteen compounds reperesenting 96% of the absolute were identified of which Dihydrocarvone (29%), Limonene (12.9%), Caryophtllene (26%) and Carvone (6%) were the major constituents.
M. Dini; P. Babakhanlou; M.M. Aliha; M. Gholipur
Volume 13, Issue 1 , July 2002, , Pages 25-40
Abstract
Acording to results of the investigation. Ferula galbaniflue Boiss. Syn. F.gumosa Boiss. Distributed in Lar watersheds (Lar valley) because of the climate, and Ferula persica Willed. Distributed in other watersheds, in Tehran province.
1- Ferula galbanifflua ...
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Acording to results of the investigation. Ferula galbaniflue Boiss. Syn. F.gumosa Boiss. Distributed in Lar watersheds (Lar valley) because of the climate, and Ferula persica Willed. Distributed in other watersheds, in Tehran province.
1- Ferula galbanifflua Boiss. And Buhse, Galbanum (Umbelliferae) syn. F. gumosa Boiss. Perennial herb. Iran. Turkestan. Source of Galbanum a gum-resinous exudation from wounds in the stems and roots. Composed of irregular masses or of tears, orange- brown to brownish black. Known in Iran as Ghasnih, and Barijeh. Much used medicinally as carminative, expectorant, antispasmodic. Contains an essential Oil a resin, Umbelliferon and galbaresinotannol.
2- Ferula persica Willd. (Umbelliferae) Perennial herb. Caucasis, Iran, source of sagapenum gum: sold in tears or cakes: locally used for rheumatism and lumbago.
M. Najafpour Navaei
Volume 11, Issue 1 , February 2002, , Pages 25-35
Abstract
Hyssopus officinalis, a medicinal plant, has been as a healer in ancient times. Works of Avicina and Hippocrates, thisplant has several times been mentiond, According to the recent scientists also it has positive affect on treatment of asthma, bronchitis,herpes simplex(1) , and HIV virus (6). The main ...
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Hyssopus officinalis, a medicinal plant, has been as a healer in ancient times. Works of Avicina and Hippocrates, thisplant has several times been mentiond, According to the recent scientists also it has positive affect on treatment of asthma, bronchitis,herpes simplex(1) , and HIV virus (6). The main aim of this research is to survay chemical compound existing in essence of leaves of this plant. At the time 2/3 of the plant has sprouted the leaves were picked up , dried up and the distiled (8). The essence extracted from the above procedure has been analysed by GC/MS (10) , Rt and KI were compared to the standard compounds , then the obtained compounds were recognized and their quantity were defined per percent(4). From the 27 compounds recognized in the plant, the following four had a larger part : Iso pinocomphon 32.43%, Pinocamphon 13.45%, B- pinen 12.20% and pinocarvone 7.5%.
F. Arabsalehi; M. Rahimmalek; M.H. Ehtemam
Abstract
Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl. is one of the most important medicinal plants with different applications in pharmaceutical and sanitary industries as well as high distribution in Iran. In order to assess the morphological variation and cutting times in S. lavandulifolia genotypes, an experiment was carried ...
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Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl. is one of the most important medicinal plants with different applications in pharmaceutical and sanitary industries as well as high distribution in Iran. In order to assess the morphological variation and cutting times in S. lavandulifolia genotypes, an experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with three replicates on 41 genotypes belonging to four regions including Ferydoonshahr, Damaneh, Semirom and Shahrekord. According to analysis of variance, significant differences were observed among all traits studied, while no significant differences were observed among replications. The results of mean comparison revealed that the genotype Damaneh7 in the second cutting time possessed the highest dry weight. Shahrekord 6 in the first cutting time had the highest days to flowering with 100 days. Moreover, Damaneh20 genotype in the third cutting time had the highest essential oil content (3.11%), while the lowest was obtained for Damaneh17 genotype in the first cutting time (0.04%). In general, a significant variation was observed between genotypes and different cutting times. Finally, according to cluster analysis, genotypes were divided into different clusters based on different cutting times.
V. Ghasemi; S. Moharramipour; G.H. Tahmasbi
Abstract
Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman is considered as the most important external parasite of the European honey bee. Considering the distribution of the European honey bee throughout the world, this mite could cause many concerns among beekeepers and threaten the beekeeping industry. The aim of present ...
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Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman is considered as the most important external parasite of the European honey bee. Considering the distribution of the European honey bee throughout the world, this mite could cause many concerns among beekeepers and threaten the beekeeping industry. The aim of present research was to calculate the time it took to cause 50 percent of mortality (LT50) in Varroa mite and honey bee population after the commencement of exposure with essential oil of Mentha longifolia L. For this purpose, Varroa mites and honey bees were treated with four concentrations of the oil including 1.87, 2.5, 3.12 and 3.75 µl/l air in Petri dishes (800 ml). For each species, the corresponding mortality rate was measured once in every two hours without opening the Petri dish until the complete demise of subjected organisms. Results showed that calculated LT50 values of the oil on Varroa mite in concentrations of 1.87, 2.5, 3.12 and 3.75 µl/l air were 10.12, 8.11, 7.26 and 6.21, respectively. However, LC50 values of the oil on A. mellifera at the same concentrations were 19.83, 19.56, 15.72 and 13.68, respectively. These results represented a much more severe toxicity of M. longifolia oil against Varroa mite compared with the European honey bee. Therefore, adjustment of oil concentration and exposure time would be applicable for the management of Varroa mite in apiaries.
Volume 2, Issue 1 , February 1999, , Pages 26-37
Abstract
Perovskia abrotanoides from labiatae family which is distributed in some parts of north, central provinces
And Taftan mountain in Iran. Camphor is the major compound that presented the oil.
As part of screening programme on the aromatic plants of Iran, we are going to report the chemical composition ...
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Perovskia abrotanoides from labiatae family which is distributed in some parts of north, central provinces
And Taftan mountain in Iran. Camphor is the major compound that presented the oil.
As part of screening programme on the aromatic plants of Iran, we are going to report the chemical composition of the essential oil from this plant.
F. Sefidkon
Volume 3, Issue 1 , April 1999, , Pages 27-45
Abstract
Aerial parts of salvia verticillata L. were collected during their flowering periods (May-June 1996) near Tehran (Fasham-Garmabedar).
The essential oil, isolated by steam distillation for 45 min. was obtained in yield of 0.26% w/w.
The chemical composition of the essential oil was examined by ...
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Aerial parts of salvia verticillata L. were collected during their flowering periods (May-June 1996) near Tehran (Fasham-Garmabedar).
The essential oil, isolated by steam distillation for 45 min. was obtained in yield of 0.26% w/w.
The chemical composition of the essential oil was examined by capillary GC and GC/MS.
Twenty-seven components were characterized with β-Caryophyllen (24.7%),γ-muurolene(22.8%) , Limonene(8.9%) and α-humulene (7.8%) as the major constituents.
