A. Baghizadeh; Z. Mashayekhi; M.A. Ebrahimi
Abstract
Catnip (Nepeta cataria L.), also called catmint, is a medicinal plant containing aromatic compounds and belongs to the Lamiaceae family. In this study, phytochemical and genetic variations of some Catnip germplasm were analyzed using RAPD molecular marker as well as GC/MS. The shoots of plants were collected ...
Read More
Catnip (Nepeta cataria L.), also called catmint, is a medicinal plant containing aromatic compounds and belongs to the Lamiaceae family. In this study, phytochemical and genetic variations of some Catnip germplasm were analyzed using RAPD molecular marker as well as GC/MS. The shoots of plants were collected from various habitats and dried away from direct sunlight. DNA was extracted using (CTAB) method. Eleven RAPD primers were used in PCR reaction. Based on the results of cluster analysis, 15 populations were classified into four groups. Based on the results of principal component analysis, the plant populations were clustered into five groups. Eight of 15 collected populations were analyzed phytochemically. Essential oils were extracted via water steam distillation using Clevenger apparatus. Twenty-seven components were identified from all essential oil samples. The results of GC/MS method showed that among the samples, 100% of essential oil compounds were identified in populations of Sirch, Mohammad Abad-e-Maskoon, Saqder 2, Dalfard 2, and Mijan 2. The results also showed that in samples of Dehbakri, Dalfard 1, and Saqder 1, 94.84%, 99.8% and 96.6% of essential oil compounds were identified, respectively. Three isomers of Nepetalactone constituted the major essential oils compounds. B-caryophyllene, Caryophyllene oxide, β-pinene, and α-pinene were also of main essential oil compounds. Based on the cluster analysis of GC/MS data, the populations were classified into three groups. Comparison of consisting compounds of essential oils in the eight studied populations indicated that the essential oils extracted were different quantitatively and qualitatively. This could be probably due to the different ecological conditions of habitats such as humidity, temperature, altitude above sea level, or other terrestrial, geographical and genetic factors.
A. Izanloo; A. Jami; M. Zabet; A.R. Samadzadeh
Abstract
Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), belonging to Apiaceae family, is one of the oldest medicinal plants. Knowing the genetic diversity is an important factor in each breeding program. The aim of this study was to characterize fennel ecotypes based on morpho-phenological traits and determine the genetic ...
Read More
Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), belonging to Apiaceae family, is one of the oldest medicinal plants. Knowing the genetic diversity is an important factor in each breeding program. The aim of this study was to characterize fennel ecotypes based on morpho-phenological traits and determine the genetic diversity based on the phenotype. In this study, 32 different fennel ecotypes were evaluated in a p-rep augmented design in the garden of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand. Traits including the number of days to 50% flowering, days to 50% maturity, plant height to main umbel, total plant height, number of main branches per plant, number of umbels per plant, effective umbels per plant, number of umbelets per main umbel, number of seed per umbel, internode length, number of internodes, and grain yield were measured. According to REML analysis, significant differences were observed among different fennel ecotypes for most of the traits studied. The estimated broad-sense heritability of traits ranged from 14 to 93 percent. The desirable traits to improve selection efficiency were the number of seeds per main umbel, number of umbels per plant, number of umbelets per main umbel, and number of umbels, which showed positive significant correlation with grain yield. The results of biplot analysis showed that ecotypes of Ahvaz, 54, Kerman, Neyriz and Razan were superior for most of the traits. Cluster analysis grouped the ecotypes into two clusters. According to the results of this study, there is a significant variability among the fennel ecotypes studied. Thus, crossing between superior ecotypes of each cluster and testing their progeny through breeding and selection will help to produce cultivars with desirable agronomic characteristics.
V. Nazeri; R. Kiani; K. Rezaei; R. Kalvandi
Abstract
Linum album Ky. ex Boiss, belonging to the Flax family, is one of the endemic plants in Iran. To investigate the genetic diversity of this plant with using of morphological traits and fatty acid profile, 11 populations of this plant were selected from Hamadan province. In spring and summer of 2014, five ...
Read More
Linum album Ky. ex Boiss, belonging to the Flax family, is one of the endemic plants in Iran. To investigate the genetic diversity of this plant with using of morphological traits and fatty acid profile, 11 populations of this plant were selected from Hamadan province. In spring and summer of 2014, five whole-plant samples were selected randomly from each population at flowering and seed ripening stage. Then, quantitative (33 traits) and qualitative measurements (9 traits) were done with five replications for each trait. Data were analyzed by SAS.v9.2 software. Means were compared by Duncan's multiple range test (at the 5% level), and the relationship between fatty acids and climate characteristics were measured using canonical correlation. According to the results, this species grows in Hamadan Province at an altitude of 1551 to 2176 meters above sea level. Populations showed significant differences in all traits at the 5% level except six of them, including length, width, and length to width ratio of stem leaves as well as length to width ratio of bracts. The results showed that palmitic acid (5.5-6.5%), stearic acid (0.5-5.1%), oleic acid (21.9-28.1), linoleic acid (15.4-66.8%) and linolenic (2.0-45.7%) acid were the main components of the fatty acid in seeds of flax and Linum album, and a large difference was found for the percentage of these compounds between the two species and in different populations of Linum album. Canonical correlation of geographical and ecological characteristics with the fatty acids of seeds showed that the amount of linolenic acid in the seed oil is increased with the increase in available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter, EC, annual precipitation, and mean annual temperature. The yield of Linum album washigher in areas with an altitude of 1700 m, average annual temperature of 13°C, annual rainfall of 340 mm and southern slopes. Although introducing a population for cultivation and domestication of Linum album needs more researches, our results showed that populations A1, A4, A7 and A10 were potentially more suiteable.
M.S. Salamati; H. Zeinali
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate genetic diversity and relationships among morphological traits in 21 genotypes of Nigella sativa L., in a completely randomized design with four replications. Morphological traits included seed yield/plant, biological yield, follicle number, seed number per follicle, ...
Read More
This study was performed to investigate genetic diversity and relationships among morphological traits in 21 genotypes of Nigella sativa L., in a completely randomized design with four replications. Morphological traits included seed yield/plant, biological yield, follicle number, seed number per follicle, 1000- seed weight, number of stem branches, follicle weight, plant height and harvest index. Results of analysis of variance showed significant differences for all studied traits (p < 0.01) except harvest index. Phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation were high for most traits indicating high diversity of the studied traits. Seed yield varied from 63.34 g in genotype of Shiraz to 147.36 g in genotype of Zabol 1. Correlation coefficients among traits showed that seed yield/plant had a significant and positive correlation with biological yield, seed number per follicle, plant height, number of stem branches and harvest index. Results of stepwise regression analysis for seed yield showed that biological yield, seed number per follicle, number of stem branches and harvest index were entered into the model, respectively, and 95 percent of total variation of seed yield was justified. Path analysis showed that biological yield and seed number per follicle had the highest direct effect on seed yield per plant. Factor analysis revealed three factors that justified 94.12 percent of the total variation among studied traits. These factors were respectively named as efficiency factor (seed yield and biological yield), yield component factor (number of stem branches and follicle number per plant) and follicle factor (follicle weight and seed number per follicle). According to the cluster analysis, 21 genotypes were classified into 3 groups and there were significant differences among the groups especially in terms of seed yield, follicle number per plant and seed number per follicle. Consequently, crossing between superior genotypes of different clusters and testing their progeny through breeding and selection programs may result in production of cultivars with desirable agronomic characteristics.
A.R. Yavari; V. Nazeri; F. Sefidkon; Z. Zamani; M.E. Hassani
Abstract
In the present study, the genetic variation within and among some populations of Thymus migricus Klokov & Desj.-Shost was investigated using the RAPD markers. Twenty-one decamer RAPD primers produced 310 unique bands. RAPD analysis showed 14 monomorphic and 296 polymorphic bands in different genotypes. ...
Read More
In the present study, the genetic variation within and among some populations of Thymus migricus Klokov & Desj.-Shost was investigated using the RAPD markers. Twenty-one decamer RAPD primers produced 310 unique bands. RAPD analysis showed 14 monomorphic and 296 polymorphic bands in different genotypes. The number of polymorphic bands per primer varied from 5 to 20 with a mean of 14.09. Genetic distance was measured by Nei’s coefficient and cluster analysis was carried out. A dendrogram was drawn based on genetic distance data, applying the UPGMA clustering method. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) was performed. According to the dendrogram, among T. migricus populations, Band and Jolfa populations had maximum differences with a distance of 0.130. Evaluation of genetic diversity within populations with an average of Nei’s gene diversity analysis and Shannon’s information index, showed that diversity within population of Jolfa (h = 0.196 & I = 0.294) was more than other populations while genetic diversity within population of Ghushchi (h = 0.139 & I = 0.209) was less than other populations. Mean of Fst and Nm indexes which show gene flow among populations, were 0.30 and 1.14, indicating a greater gene flow among five populations of T. migricus. The results of the present study showed that there was a greater level of genetic variation in the Iranian natural populations of T. migricus which could be applied for future breeding programs.
E. Talebi Kohyakhy; M. Mohammad Aliha; M.R. Naghavi
Abstract
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers have been used to characterize the genetic diversity among 13 Iranian landraces of Ferula gummosa Boiss. The 7 primers used in this study amplified 69 scorable RAPD bands among which 64 were polymorphic (94%). The average number of bands was 9.14 for each ...
Read More
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers have been used to characterize the genetic diversity among 13 Iranian landraces of Ferula gummosa Boiss. The 7 primers used in this study amplified 69 scorable RAPD bands among which 64 were polymorphic (94%). The average number of bands was 9.14 for each primer. Dice similarity index was used for measuring genetic similarities among landraces. The highest similarity (0.80) was found between Hamlon and Reef populations, whereas the lowest was between Hamloon and Semnan. UPGMA algorithm was used for cluster analysis. Cluster analysis separated the 13 landraces into three main groups. The results indicated that RAPD technique is an efficient tool for assessing genetic diversity in Ferula gummosa populations.
