S. Ghasemi; Z. Habibi; F. Rezaalizadeh Rooshan
Abstract
In this study, the chloroform extract of Ferula ovina (fam. Apiaceae) stems was investigated. The plants were collected at the flowering stage from Tehran province (Damavand), Iran. The extract was purified using column chromatography on silica gel with a solvent gradient of n-hexane-ethyl acetate and ...
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In this study, the chloroform extract of Ferula ovina (fam. Apiaceae) stems was investigated. The plants were collected at the flowering stage from Tehran province (Damavand), Iran. The extract was purified using column chromatography on silica gel with a solvent gradient of n-hexane-ethyl acetate and yielded 12 fractions. Further purification of the fractions resulted in the isolation and identification of four monoterpenoid ester derivatives named tschimgine (1), (1S,2R,4S)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl 4-methoxy benzoate (2), (1S,2R,4S)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzoate (3) and stylosin (4). So far, no report has been found on the isolation and structure identification of the compound No.2. The structure of the compounds was determined by spectroscopic analysis andfinally confirmed by comparison of their spectral data, melting points, and optical rotations with those described in the literature.
J. Hasani; M. Mirza
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the essential oil (EO) quality and quantity of six thyme species (Thymus spp.), growing in the natural habitats of Kurdistan province, in 2010. To conduct this research, six species of thyme were identified in different habitats and used for essential oil extraction. ...
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This study was conducted to evaluate the essential oil (EO) quality and quantity of six thyme species (Thymus spp.), growing in the natural habitats of Kurdistan province, in 2010. To conduct this research, six species of thyme were identified in different habitats and used for essential oil extraction. Water distillation (Clevenger-type apparatus) was used to obtain the EOs and the components were identified using the gas chromatography (GC) system and a gas chromatograph connected to mass spectrometer (GC/MS). The results showed that more than 30 components were identified in the EOs, among which thymol, carvacrol, geraniol, alpha terpinole and linalool were the most important components. The EO yields were 3.05%, 2.53%, 2.83%, 1.51%, 1.31% and 1.05% for T. fallax, T. daenensis, T. pubescens, T. transcaucasicus, T. fedtschenkoi and T. kotschyanus, respectively. The content of thymol was calculated to be 70.6%, 62.2%, 27.8% and 1.5 in the EOs of T. daenensis, T. fedtschenkoi, T. pubescens and T. kotschyanus, respectivelyand the content of carvacrol was recorded to be 3.43%, 4.80% and 0.74% in the EOs of T. daenensis, T. fedtschenkoi and T. pubescens, respectively.
H. Ahmadian; F. Miirahmadi; B. Rashidzadeh
Abstract
Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Licorice) is a perennial shrub growing in Mediterranean region and Asia and is widespread in Turkey, Italy and specially Iran. Licorice is a favorable herb used in food and medicinal remedies for thousands of years. This herb contains a variety of substances, among which glycyrrhizin ...
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Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Licorice) is a perennial shrub growing in Mediterranean region and Asia and is widespread in Turkey, Italy and specially Iran. Licorice is a favorable herb used in food and medicinal remedies for thousands of years. This herb contains a variety of substances, among which glycyrrhizin is the most effective substance, giving a sweet taste to the root (30 to 50 times sweeter than sucrose). The roots of the study species were collected from the Kurdistan Agricultural Research and Education Center. All samples were dried and then powdered to extract the glycyrrhizin with different methods including modified Rosen, pre ultrasonic and post ultrasonic methods at 30 and 60 minutes, ultrasound frequencies of 35 and 100 kHz and a constant temperature of 60⁰C. The results showed that there were significant differences among the study treatments (P<0.01). The highest and lowest purity and extraction yield efficiency were obtained from the post ultrasonic (100 kHz and 60 m) and modified Rosen's method, respectively.
Sh. Merikh; M. Taherkhani; S.R. Hosseini Doust
Abstract
The loganberry (Rubus × loganobaccus), belonging to the Rosaceae family and Rubus genus, gives fruits like strawberry. The fruit is red and very sour and this rare species is one of the cultivars of red raspberry. Loganberry is not native to Iran and currently is propagated through in vitro plant ...
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The loganberry (Rubus × loganobaccus), belonging to the Rosaceae family and Rubus genus, gives fruits like strawberry. The fruit is red and very sour and this rare species is one of the cultivars of red raspberry. Loganberry is not native to Iran and currently is propagated through in vitro plant tissue culture. So far, phytochemical research has not been conducted on loganberry. In present study, the leaf extract of loganberry, propagated through in vitro culture, was investigated phytochemically. The extract of loganberry was purified and the obtained natural product was elucidated by NMR spectroscopy techniques. In this study, a flavonoid, namely hesperetin, was isolated from the leaves of the loganberry. This structure was elucidated by spectral methods (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, IR and dept 135).
M. Ashrafkhorasani; F. Raofie
Abstract
Papaver bracteatum Lindl. is an Iranian native plant. Papaver bracteatum has red flowers and deep leaves; the end of leaves close to sepals is black in color. The plant has a length of 20 to 120 centimeter, growing wild in nature.The capsules of this plant contain thebaine. Thebaine can ...
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Papaver bracteatum Lindl. is an Iranian native plant. Papaver bracteatum has red flowers and deep leaves; the end of leaves close to sepals is black in color. The plant has a length of 20 to 120 centimeter, growing wild in nature.The capsules of this plant contain thebaine. Thebaine can be converted to different types of painkiller in a simple reaction. In this project for the first time, thebaine was extracted from Papaver bracteatum using super critical fluid with high efficiency. The extracted thebaine was separated and identified using high performance liquid chromatography with UV detector (HPLC-UV). To optimize the extraction condition, a central composite design was used after a 2n-1 fractional factorial design. This model predicted the extraction conditions i.e. 350 atm pressure, 35◦C temperature, static and dynamic time of 10 min and 40 min, respectively, and 100µL volume of modifier (ethanol). Under optimum condition, the efficiency of extraction was predicted to be 2.96%.
M. Alirezaie Noghondar; M. Azizi; P. Taheri; M.S. Sadeghi
Abstract
To investigate the allelopathic potential and its relation with phenolic changesin different concentrations of methanolic and ethanolic extracts from root and leaf of Rumex turcomanicus Czerep.on seed germination and seedling growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), a factorial experiment based on completely ...
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To investigate the allelopathic potential and its relation with phenolic changesin different concentrations of methanolic and ethanolic extracts from root and leaf of Rumex turcomanicus Czerep.on seed germination and seedling growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design was conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran, in 2013. Treatments included different organs of Rumex turcomanicus Czerep (root and leaf), two extraction solvents (methanol and ethanol), and six concentrations of extract (0, 31.25, 62.5, 125, 250 and 500 ppm), whose effects were studied on seed germination and seedling growth of lettuce. The extracts were placed in petri dishes in three replicates and 25 seeds (lettuce) per replicate. Phenolic content was measured in each extract. The results showed higher inhibition in methanoilc extracts as compared with ethanolic extracts and higher inhibition in root extract as compared with leaf extracts on seed germination and most of seedling the growth traits. Among different concentrations, maximum and minimum inhibition were observed in 500 and 0 ppm of extracts, respectively. Phenolic content was greater in methanolic as compared with ethanoilc extracts and was higher in root extracts as compared with leaf extracts. In addition, phenolic content was increased with increasing of extract concentration. A positive and significant correlation was observed between phenolic content and allelopathic potential.
Z. Rafiei; S.M. Jafari; M. Alami; M. Khomeiri
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of extraction through two methods of maceration and microwave-assisted extraction on phenolic compounds of olive leaves (Mishen cultivar) with solvents of water, 80% methanol and acetone. The highest total phenolic content (211.385±0.13 mg tannic ...
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The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of extraction through two methods of maceration and microwave-assisted extraction on phenolic compounds of olive leaves (Mishen cultivar) with solvents of water, 80% methanol and acetone. The highest total phenolic content (211.385±0.13 mg tannic acid/g extract) was related to the methanol extract produced by microwave-assisted extraction but acetone extracts gave the lowest amount for both methods. Comparing the extraction methods showed that MAE had higher extraction efficiency in all three tested solvents. Regarding antimicrobial activity of olive leaf extracts, we evaluated the bactericidal effects of different solvent extracts on Staphilococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Escherishia coli. In terms of S. aureus, the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC= 315 µg/ml) and. minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC= 2500 µg/ml) were observed with acetone extract in MAE and methanol extracts in both methods, respectively. As for E.coli the lowest MIC was 625 µg/ml and the lowest MBC (5000 µg/ml) was associated with water and methanol extracts in microwave-assisted extraction. In terms of S. typhi, the lowest MIC and MBC were 315 and 10000 µg/ml, respectively. To conclude, it was found that S. typhi was the most resistant bacteria against the extracts; in most cases MAE-produced extracts showed more antimicrobial activity compared to traditional-produced extracts.
N. Fekri; M. Khayami; R. Heidari; M.A. Javadi
Volume 24, Issue 2 , August 2008, , Pages 207-216
Abstract
Dragon's head (Lallemantia iberica F. & C. M.) an annual or perennial herb, or dwarf shrub that originates in the Caucasian region and was cultivated for ornament and may be domesticated in East and East Central Europe. Dragon head was cultivated for its seeds from which oil is extracted. The seed ...
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Dragon's head (Lallemantia iberica F. & C. M.) an annual or perennial herb, or dwarf shrub that originates in the Caucasian region and was cultivated for ornament and may be domesticated in East and East Central Europe. Dragon head was cultivated for its seeds from which oil is extracted. The seed contains up to 30% of a drying oil. One of effective compounds in this plant is mucilage. Mucilage has different applications in the broad field of pharmacy and medicine now. Mucilage was extracted from dragon's head seed and was identified by using thin-layer chromatography. Method involves the following steps: first by extraction, purification, dialysis, lyophilization, deionization, hydrolyze and TLC analysis for choosing the best separation system, these separation systems were: 1- Silica gel G 60 HF plate using n- butanol: acid acetic: water (50:25:25 v/v) as mobile system. 2- Silica gel G 60 HF plate using chloroform: methanol (60:40 v/v) as solvent system. 3- Kieselguhr G plate using n- butanol: acetone: phosphoric acid (40:50:10 v/v) as mobile system. Finally, the best results achieved by using n-butanol: acetone: phosphoric acid (40:50:10 v/v) as mobile system on the Kieselguhr G plate as stationary phase. Lallemantia iberica mucilage was separated into seven spots. Mucilage of Lallemantia iberica seeds was composed of galacturonic acid, galactose, mannose, arabinose, xylose, glucose and rhamnose monosaccharide. This result is useful for more and better characterization of dragon's head mucilage for application in food industry.
M.B. Rezaee; M. Naderi Hagy Bagher Candy; S.R. Tabaei Aghdaei
Volume 20, Issue 3 , October 2004, , Pages 291-299
Abstract
Contents of inorganic elements are very important traits in plants. Some of elements have causal effects on plant growth. Also, their effects on plant metabolism and therefore quality and quantity of essential oils. Thus, to obtain relatively good results, different parts of Rosa damascena Mill. ...
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Contents of inorganic elements are very important traits in plants. Some of elements have causal effects on plant growth. Also, their effects on plant metabolism and therefore quality and quantity of essential oils. Thus, to obtain relatively good results, different parts of Rosa damascena Mill. genotypes were analyzed. In this research, plants collected from different provinces, including Tehran, Qazvin, East Azarbaijan and Golestan previnces and cultivated in Institute of Forests and Rangelands, and samples collected in May 2003. For determination and comparative study on inorganic elements like Na, K, Mn, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, P and N used different apparatus like Induced Coupled Plasma (ICP), Kjeltce and spectrophotometer. Results from different genotypes on petals and sepals of Rosa damascena Mill. from different states like Tehran, East Azarbaijan and Golestan were Na (127.4 – 160.4ppm), K (24.48 – 35.88 ppm), Mg (9.11 – 10.61 ppm), Ca (60.54 – 65.41 ppm), Mn (0.073 – 0.094 ppm), Zn (0.162 – 0.35 ppm), Cu (0.207 0.30 ppm), P (0.19 – 0.28 mg/kg ) and N (0.95 – 1.77 %) in petals, and Na (110.2– 277.7ppm), K (25.72 – 38.53 ppm), Mg (12.36 – 24.27 ppm), Ca (57.63 – 196.3 ppm), Mn (0.105 – 0.185 ppm), Zn (0.156 – 0.62 ppm), Cu (0.166 0.32 ppm), P (0.23 – 0.39 mg/kg ) and N (2.26 – 2.90 %) in sepals.
