M.H. Pezeshki; J. Motamedi; A. Alijanpour; M. Souri; M.R. Najibzadeh; H. Arzani
Abstract
It is important to determine the suitability of rangelands for the utilization of medicinal plants. The purpose of this study was to introduce some of the criteria and indicators, influencing the rangelands suitability for medicinal plants exploitation and to investigate the differences between the results ...
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It is important to determine the suitability of rangelands for the utilization of medicinal plants. The purpose of this study was to introduce some of the criteria and indicators, influencing the rangelands suitability for medicinal plants exploitation and to investigate the differences between the results of using different approaches of suitability determination. To this end, the suitability of the Arshad Chaman rangeland was evaluated in terms of the utilization of medicinal plants. The results showed that according to the limiting factor method (a common method of determining the suitability of rangelands), 2, 6 and 77 percent of rangelands had respectively good, moderate and low suitability and 15 percent were not suitable for utilization. The mathematical method (using hierarchical analysis process) showed 4, 26, and 45 percent of the rangelands as good, moderate, and low suitability, respectively, and 25 percent as inappropriate for exploitation. The application of the theoretical method (MSMPE) also showed that 39 and 61 percent of the rangelands had respectively good and moderate suitability. In general, it was observed that there were no significant differences between the classes of suitability obtained by the limiting factor and the mathematical methods; however, there was a difference between the classes obtained by the limiting factor and MSMPE methods, and different classes of suitability were obtained for a given area of rangeland in these three methods. Therefore, it is recommended to test the accuracy of the findings of the present study to achieve a practical result in different years in terms of climatic events and other locations with different physical properties. Overall, based on the combined results of different approaches and in terms of physical and environmental constraints, the study area had low suitability for the exploitation of medicinal plants. Therefore, to reduce the livestock pressure on rangelands and increase the diversity of medicinal plants, more attention should be paid to the other aspects of rangeland use such as beekeeping and free tourism.
M.R. Mahboobi; A. Badahanggalebache
Abstract
The vital role of medicinal plants in creating employment is inevitable, and Golestan province is one of the important poles of medicinal plants production in the country due to its climatic diversity, and a large number of populations involved in the medicinal plants businesses. This study was conducted ...
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The vital role of medicinal plants in creating employment is inevitable, and Golestan province is one of the important poles of medicinal plants production in the country due to its climatic diversity, and a large number of populations involved in the medicinal plants businesses. This study was conducted to identify the barriers to the development of distribution businesses of medicinal plants products in Golestan province. A descriptive survey was used for this purpose. The statistical community of the study consisted of 150 business owners in Golestan province, 109 of whom were selected by simple random sampling. Data were collected through a questionnaire, the validity of which was confirmed by a panel of experts. The reliability of the study was assessed through Cronbach’s-Alpha coefficient which was 0.88. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software. The results revealed that lack of proper government support for practitioners and activists in the medicinal plants businesses, non-acceptance of medicinal plants by doctors, increased cost of medical plants production, the high price of herbal medicines and consequently low public interest in their consumption and development of new medical treatments with new drugs and neglect of the importance of medicinal plants are the most important inhibitors of medicinal plants businesses. The factor analysis categorized the inhibitory variables of medicinal plants businesses into eight factors including skill and technical, cultural, qualitative and standard, communicational-knowledge, sovereignty and legal, institutional, social, and economic factors. The recommendations of this study included the need for proper government support for practitioners and activists in the medicinal plants businesses, providing the right background for acceptance of medicinal plants by doctors, strengthening and developing the market for medicinal plants and establishing a bridge between the market for the production and sale of medicinal plants
B. Soltanian; P. Rezvani Moghaddam; J. Asili
Abstract
The experiment was conducted to study the effects of water deficit stress and fertilizer sources on characteristics of Echinacea purpurea L., in a split plots design with three replications at the research farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran during two years of 2016 and ...
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The experiment was conducted to study the effects of water deficit stress and fertilizer sources on characteristics of Echinacea purpurea L., in a split plots design with three replications at the research farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran during two years of 2016 and 2017. Irrigation consisted of three levels of non-stress (control), moderate, and severe moisture stress and fertilizer consisted of eight levels of complete fertilizer (NPK), vermicompost, humic acid, humic acid+NPK, humic acid+vermicompost, NPK+vermicompost, NPK+vermicompost+humic acid, and non-use of fertilizer (control). The single effects of deficit irrigation and fertilizer treatments were significant (p≤0.01) on the stem height, number of stems and flowers plant-1, biomass dry weight, total chlorophylls a and b, and proline content; however, their interaction effects were only significant (p≤0.01) on phenolic compounds of the leaves. In relation to the single effects of irrigation treatments, the highest height and number of stems, number of flowers plant-1, and biomass dry weight was observed in non-water stress treatments and the lowest amount of these characteristics was observed in severe water stress treatments. The highest and lowest proline content was shown in severe and non-stress treatments, respectively, and the highest and lowest total chlorophylls a and b were obtained in non-stress and severe moisture stress, respectively. Regarding the single effects of fertilizer treatments, there was no significant difference in plant height between fertilizer levels; however, all of them had a significant difference with control treatment (no fertilization). The difference between fertilizer treatments was significant in the number of stems and flowers plant-1 and biomass dry weight. The highest number of stems and flowers was obtained in humic acid+vermicompost treatment and the highest amounts of biomass dry weight were obtained in vermicompost+NPK treatment. The lowest values of these traits were observed in control (non-fertilization). The highest and lowest amounts of total chlorophylls a and b were obtained in vermicompost+NPK and control treatments, respectively, and the highest and lowest proline values were obtained in control and vermicompost treatments, respectively. The highest phenolic compounds were observed in humic acid+vermicompost+NPK and humic acid+NPK treatments, both of which under severe moisture stress, and the lowest one in non-stress and non-fertilization (control) treatment.
V. Varnaseri Ghandali; A. Nasiri Dehsorkhi; H. Makarian; P. Haghighat jou
Abstract
To study the effects of different levels of vermicompost and humic acid on the seed macro-elements uptake, seed yield, and essential oil of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.), an experiment was conducted in a field located in Mobarakeh city as factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three ...
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To study the effects of different levels of vermicompost and humic acid on the seed macro-elements uptake, seed yield, and essential oil of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.), an experiment was conducted in a field located in Mobarakeh city as factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications during the growing season 2016-2017. Experimental treatments included vermicompost at three levels (0, 5 and 10 ton ha-1) and foliar application of humic acid at four levels (0, 2, 4 and 6 lit ha-1). The results showed that the application of 10 ton ha-1vermicompost increased the essential oil yield and seed phosphorus content by 86.7 and 33% as compared to control, respectively. The foliar application of 4 lit ha-1 humic acid along with 0, 5, and 10 ton ha-1vermicompost application increased the seed potassium content by 27.8, 9.6, and 9.2% as compared to control, respectively. The highest percentage of seed nitrogen was observed in the combined application of humic acid at 4 lit ha-1 and vermicompost at 10 ton ha-1, which was 11.7% more than control. The foliar spray of 4 and 6 lit ha-1 humic acid at 10 ton ha-1 vermicompost increased seed yield by 11.1 and 9.9% as compared to control, respectively. The combined use of humic acid and vermicompost could meet the nutritional needs of cumin and could be considered as an effective step towards achieving sustainable agriculture goals while increasing quantitative and qualitative performance.
F. Salimi; M. Fattahi; J. Hamzei
Abstract
In this research, the effect of time (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 min) and temperature (35, 45, 55, 65 and 75 oC) of ultrasonic waves, ethanol to water ratio (20, 35, 50, 65 and 80%) of extracting solvent and dry matter to solvent ratio (1:5, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20 and 1:25 mg/ml) was investigated on total phenol ...
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In this research, the effect of time (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 min) and temperature (35, 45, 55, 65 and 75 oC) of ultrasonic waves, ethanol to water ratio (20, 35, 50, 65 and 80%) of extracting solvent and dry matter to solvent ratio (1:5, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20 and 1:25 mg/ml) was investigated on total phenol and flavonoids and antioxidant capacity (in two methods of DPPH and FRAP) of hydroalcoholic extract of celery (Apium graveolens L.) aerial parts by using the response surface method. Based on the results, ultrasound for 10 min at 55 °C, ethanol to water ratio of 80%, and dry matter to solvent ratio of 1:5 were considered as the best treatment. The highest amount of total phenol (471.1 mg GAE/g DW) and flavonoid (187.7 mg quercetin/gDW) content, and antioxidant activity of the extract was obtained under optimized conditions using DPPH (68.5%) and FRAP (4210.4 μM Fe+2/50 μl extract). In general, the high values of adjusted R2 and P-value in fitting models indicated that the drawn models of response surface were ideal. In other words, the high amounts of these parameters indicate the existence of a correlation between the observed values and the predicted ones.
B. Bahreininejad; B. Abaszadeh; F. Sefidkon; Z. Jaberalansar
Abstract
Two species of Nepeta assurgens Hausskn. & Bornm. and N. eremokosmos Rech., are endemic medicinal plants to Iran. This study was conducted to investigate the vegetative traits, aerial parts yield, the quantity and quality of essential oil, as well as evaluating the relationships between these traits ...
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Two species of Nepeta assurgens Hausskn. & Bornm. and N. eremokosmos Rech., are endemic medicinal plants to Iran. This study was conducted to investigate the vegetative traits, aerial parts yield, the quantity and quality of essential oil, as well as evaluating the relationships between these traits in mentioned species under field conditions in Isfahan. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications over 2017 and 2018. Results showed that the fresh and dry weight of aerial parts in N. assurgens (11353 and 2351 kg ha-1, respectively) was remarkably higher than that of N. eremokosmos (2638 and 527 kg ha-1, respectively). The average content and yield of essential oil in N. assurgens and N. eremokosmos was 1.60 and 0.64%, and 20.16 and 2.21 kg ha-1, respectively. Based on qualitative analysis of essential oil, the total amount of nepetalactone isomers (4aα, 7α, 7aα-nepetalactone, 4aα, 7α, 7aβ-nepetalactone, 4aα, 7β, 7aα-nepetalactone) in N. assurgens and N. eremokosmos was 78.6 and 62.8% on average, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that leaf dry weight, total fresh and dry weight, and large diameter of the plant had the highest correlation with essential oil yield. Stepwise regression analysis indicated that essential oil yield changes were mainly explained by leaf dry weight, essential oil content, total fresh weight, the number of stems and the amount of plant crown cover. In general, according to the results, the superiority of the N. assurgens species was significant and could be recommended as a valuable and high potential yielding plant for pharmaceutical purposes.
J. Motamedi; E. Sofi Khajavi; A. Alijanpour; E. Sheidai Karkaj
Abstract
Study on the habitat characteristics of medicinal plants and estimating their production is one of the basic requirements for designing a future perspective document for utilization of by-products. Salep (Orchis palustris Jacq.) is one of the most important and highly valuable medicinal plants having ...
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Study on the habitat characteristics of medicinal plants and estimating their production is one of the basic requirements for designing a future perspective document for utilization of by-products. Salep (Orchis palustris Jacq.) is one of the most important and highly valuable medicinal plants having a significant distribution in the meadows of Targavar region of Urmia. Hence, among the meadows, six locations that were easier to reach and the distribution of Salep was more uniform were selected. In each location, using 60 plots of 60×25 cm2 that were randomly located within 10 plots with 10×1 m2, the number of Salep bases were counted and traits including crown cover percentage, plant height and tuber production were measured. Three composite soil samples from each location were randomly taken from the depth of root development of dominant species, and soil characteristics including sand, silt, clay, acidity, electrical conductivity, organic matter and total nitrogen were measured. The depth of groundwater (in each location) was considered as a criterion for moisture level and altitude, to analyze the relationship between habitat characteristics and plant traits. For this purpose, based on the calculated gradient length, the redundancy analysis (RDA) method was used as a linear method. The results of RDA showed that plant traits, especially tuber weight, were directly affected by the amount of organic matter, organic carbon, total nitrogen and clay percentage of the habitats. The mentioned traits are reversely related with altitude, groundwater depth and soil acidity of locations. In general, the Salep species more prefer low-altitude habitats such as alluvial plains with fertile, neutral acidity and heavy texture soils and high groundwater surface.
H. Karami; M. Rasekh
Abstract
In this study, the thin layer drying kinetics of Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.)was modeledin a hybrid dryer. Experiments were performed at four temperatures of 40, 50, 60, 70ºC and three air velocities of 1, 1.5 and 2 m/s in the factorial arrangement based on a completely randomized design. ...
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In this study, the thin layer drying kinetics of Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.)was modeledin a hybrid dryer. Experiments were performed at four temperatures of 40, 50, 60, 70ºC and three air velocities of 1, 1.5 and 2 m/s in the factorial arrangement based on a completely randomized design. According to the results of analysis of variance, the effect of drying air temperature and drying air velocity were significant at 1% probability level. However, the interaction effect of temperature and drying air velocity was not significant. The highest essential oil content was related to the temperature of 40°C and an air velocity of 1.5m/s with an approximate value of 1.27CC (v/w). With increasing temperature from 40°C to 70°C, the essential oil content decreased significantly. According to the obtained results, the Agbashlo et al. model could estimate the kinetic curve of tarragon drying better than other models. The effective moisture diffusivity values were achieved to be in the range of 1.34×10−10-2.74×10−10 m2/s.
M. Rostami; H. Mohammadi
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of different temperatures and also plant density on yield and some of morpho-physiological traits of garlic (Allium sativum L.), a split plot experiment was conducted based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Experimental treatments were three ...
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In order to investigate the effects of different temperatures and also plant density on yield and some of morpho-physiological traits of garlic (Allium sativum L.), a split plot experiment was conducted based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Experimental treatments were three spring planting temperatures (7.4, 9 and 11°C) and four planting densities (20, 40, 60 and 80 plant m-2). Based on results, the interaction effect of experimental treatments on garlic yield, leaf weight, plant height, total chlorophyll and carotenoids was significant whereas for harvest index, number of produced cloves in plant, chlorophyll a and relative water content only the effects of temperature and plant density were significant. The highest garlic yield (921 g.m-2) was observed in planting temperature of 7.4°C with a density of 80 plants m-2, but the lowest yield (317 g.m-2) was obtained in the planting temperature of 11°C with the lowest plant density. The same results were also observed for leaf weight. The highest amount of chlorophyll (2.52 mg.g FW-1) was observed in the planting temperature of 9°C with the density of 20 plants m-2but the planting density of 80 plants m-2 in the planting temperature of 11°C resulted in the lowest amount of total chlorophyll (2.07 mg.g FW-1). The highest harvest index was related to the planting temperature of 7.4°C, and with delay in planting date, this index was reduced significantly. The lowest number of cloves per plant (3.64) was related to the planting temperature of 11°C. Increasing plant density also decreased the number of produced cloves by 14 percent. The best planting temperature for the highest garlic yield was 7.4°C. Although in all of the planting temperature treatments, increasing the plant density resulted in higher garlic yield, the positive effects of higher densities were mainly observed in the planting temperature of 7.4°C.
A. Vaez Shahrestani; F. Sefidkon
Abstract
The genus Achillea, with 19 different species, is a perennial and herbaceous plant with aromatic properties. Achillea biebersteinii Afam. has medicinal properties and commonly used as a medicinal plant. Different parts of Achillea have anti-bacterial, anti- inflammation, anti- allergy and antioxidant ...
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The genus Achillea, with 19 different species, is a perennial and herbaceous plant with aromatic properties. Achillea biebersteinii Afam. has medicinal properties and commonly used as a medicinal plant. Different parts of Achillea have anti-bacterial, anti- inflammation, anti- allergy and antioxidant usage in tradition and modern medicine. In order to compare the quality and quantity of essential oils of flowering shoot, the seeds of Achillea were collected from Golestan province and cultivated in the farm of Abolrz Research Station. Aerial parts (flower, leaf and shoot) were separately collected and dried in shade condition. The essential oils were extracted using hydro-distillation method and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The highest and lowest essential oil yield was recorded for leaf (0.74%) and shoot (0.03%), respectively. The total essential oil yield of flowering shoots and flowers were 0.6% and 0.34%, respectively. The major components in the shoot essential oil were 1,8-cineole (15.1%), camphor (24.0%); in leaves:1,8-cineole (40.4%), artemisia ketone (28.1%), camphor (10.3%); in flowers: 1,8-cineole (41.3%), (24.3%), camphor (15.6%); and in flowering shoots: 1,8-cineole (35.4%), artemisia ketone (30.6%), camphor (16.2%). Based on the results of this research, the highest amount of artemisia ketone and camphor were found in the flowering shoots and the highest amount of 1,8-cineole in leaves and flowers.
M. Khajeh Haghverdi; M.R. Ardakani; B. Abbaszadeh; P. Nejatkhah Manavi
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of vermicompost, biochar and mycorrhizal symbiosis on some qualitative and quantitative traits of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) as a medicinal plant, a split factorial experiment was implemented in the form of randomized complete blocks design with three replications. ...
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In order to investigate the effect of vermicompost, biochar and mycorrhizal symbiosis on some qualitative and quantitative traits of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) as a medicinal plant, a split factorial experiment was implemented in the form of randomized complete blocks design with three replications. The study was conducted at the experimental field of Agriculture and Natural Resources Faculty of Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Mahdasht, Iran, in 2016. The factors were characterized as vermicompost in three levels (0, 6 and 12 ton/ha) as the main factor, biochar in three levels (0, 6 and 12 ton/ha) and mycorrhiza in two levels (non inoculation and inoculation) as the sub factors. Results showed that the main effect of factors on the mycorrhizal symbiosis percentage and grain phosphorus content was significant (P˂0.01). Analysis of variance between the interaction effects of vermicompost × biochar were significant on the LAI, dry fruit yield, grain yield and dry weight ratio of grain to fruit (P˂0.01) as well as on the number of lateral stem (P˂0.05). Mean comparison of the interaction effect of vermicompost × biochar showed that the application of 12 (ton/ha) vermicompost along with 12 (ton/ha) biochar resulted in the highest amount of LAI (12.28), number of lateral stem (13.33 number/ plant), dry fruit yield (619.51 kg/ha), grain yield (410.02 kg/ha) and dry weight ratio of grain to fruit (66.17%). Therefore, the use of vermicompost along with biochar is recommended in production of pumpkin.
M. Amini; S. Yousefzadeh; K. Sadat-Asilan
Abstract
In order to study the effects of iron, zinc and manganese sulfate on essential oil percentage, yield and composition in hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.), an experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with three replications during 2016.Experimental treatments consisted of control, foliar ...
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In order to study the effects of iron, zinc and manganese sulfate on essential oil percentage, yield and composition in hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.), an experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with three replications during 2016.Experimental treatments consisted of control, foliar application of iron, zinc, manganese, iron+zinc, iron+manganese, zinc+manganese and iron+zinc+ manganese. Results showed that foliar application of microelements had significant effects on all traits studied except cis-pinocamphone. Foliar application of iron + zinc + manganese treatment produced the maximum essential oil percentage (0.6%) and essential oil yield (30.44 Kgha-1). Foliar application of iron + zinc + manganese treatment increased essential oil percentage up to 50% compared to the control treatment. β-pinene, trance-pinocamphone, pinocarvone and cis-pinocamphone formed 75 to 90% of the oil components. Foliar application of iron + zinc + manganese and control treatments produced the highest (89.4%) and the lowest (77.1%) values of total β-pinene, trance-pinocamphone, pinocarvone and cis-pinocamphone, respectively. Therefore, results showed that the foliar application of Zn+ Fe+ Mn could be used as a suitable management strategy to reach the optimum essential oil yield and composition in hyssop.
S. Saber Amoli; A. Naseri; Gh.H. Rahmani; A. Kalirad
Volume 20, Issue 4 , January 2018, , Pages 487-532
Abstract
The main purpose of this research was collection and identification of medicinal plants in kerman province. According to condition of soil, topography, temperature, climate and percipitation of this province. We gathered medicinal plants. 285 species were collected which ...
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The main purpose of this research was collection and identification of medicinal plants in kerman province. According to condition of soil, topography, temperature, climate and percipitation of this province. We gathered medicinal plants. 285 species were collected which classified in 200 genera and 71 family. Scientific name, persian and local name, altitude, habitate conditions and distribution were mentioned in this paper. 72% species were herbaceuse and 11.3% were shrubs. More species were distributed in the 1500 2500 meter from sea level.
A. Moghadam; M. Saidi; V. Abdossi; M. Mirab-balou; Z. Tahmasebi
Abstract
Plant-derived extracts and essential oils may function as environmentally friendly non-persistent bio-pesticides that are safe for humans as well as other animals. In this study, we investigated the effects of six endemic plant extracts as well as commercial insecticides against Bemisia tabaci and some ...
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Plant-derived extracts and essential oils may function as environmentally friendly non-persistent bio-pesticides that are safe for humans as well as other animals. In this study, we investigated the effects of six endemic plant extracts as well as commercial insecticides against Bemisia tabaci and some physiological responses in cucumber as the host plant at field conditions. The plant extracts and Stamipride as chemical pesticide were sprayed on the plants at 250, 500 and 1000 ppm concentrations. All extracts led to the reduced number of adults as compared with control, among which the greatest impact on the control of this pest was recorded for the extract of Oliveria decombens. Application of all extracts especially at concentrations of 500 and 1000 ppm significantly increased the number of first and second grade fruits. The content of potassium significantly increased and the content of calcium decreased by increasing the concentration of extracts from 250 to 1000 ppm. Results showed that application of extracts and pesticide, especially at high concentrations, imposed negative effects on plant and significantly increased the antioxidant activity in cucumber leaves. In general, all extracts used, especially the extract of Oliveria decombens at a low concentration(250 ppm)was extremely efficient in controlling the adult population of Bemisia tabaci without adverse effects on host plants compared with the commercial insecticide.
S.M. Hossaini; M. Aghaalikhani; F. Sefidkon; A. Ghalavand
Abstract
The Sahandi savory (Satureja sahendica Bornm.) is a native medicinal species of Iran, which is exposed to extinction. Organic farming of this species in low input systems has an important role to protect this valuable genetic reserve. To evaluate the essential oil content and components of the savory ...
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The Sahandi savory (Satureja sahendica Bornm.) is a native medicinal species of Iran, which is exposed to extinction. Organic farming of this species in low input systems has an important role to protect this valuable genetic reserve. To evaluate the essential oil content and components of the savory in natural habitat and field conditions, an experiment was conducted to investigate the plant growth responses to different fertilizer and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) density (0, 6, 12 and 18 plants/m2) in two planting patterns (rectangles, zigzag). The experiment was carried out in factorial based on RCBD with three replications at the Qazvin Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center during 2010 to 2012. The nutrient treatments included NPK plus foliar application of micronutrients, four tons/ha vermicompost, two tons/ha vermicompost plus 40 liters/ha vermi-tea (liquid formulation of vermicompost). At the flowering stage, the essential oil content and compounds were measured in both samples of field and natural habitats. The effect of planting pattern was not significant. The highest content of essential oils in first harvest (28.38%) and in second harvest (46.04%) were obtained from organic fertilizer treatments, two tons vermicompost + 40 liters vermin-tea and four tons vermicompost, respectively. These treatments were superior to the savory harvested from natural habitats. The essential oil content of savory under competition of redroot pigweed at all densities were higher than the natural habitats and the highest content in first and second harvest (30.41% and 51.80%) was obtained at 18 plants/m2 pigweed density. In all fertilizer treatments, the content of thymol in comparison to natural habitats (38.49%) was superior and the highest content (42.95%) was obtained with application of four tons vermicompost. In the absence of weed, the Sahandi savory produced the greatest content of thymol (45.18%) compared to the savory grown in natural habitats.
A. Sepahvand; K. Khademi; H. Astereki; A. Mohammadian
Abstract
This research was aimed to study the effects of density on yield and yield components of thyme (Thymus lancifolius Celak.) under dry farming conditions of Lorestan province. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete blocks design with three sowing density treatments (4, 6, and 8 plants per ...
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This research was aimed to study the effects of density on yield and yield components of thyme (Thymus lancifolius Celak.) under dry farming conditions of Lorestan province. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete blocks design with three sowing density treatments (4, 6, and 8 plants per square meter) and three replications. The plant height, crown diameter, number of shoots, shoot dry yield, root length, and essential oil yield and content were measured. The results of combined analysis showed that the highest number of branches was obtained at a density of 8 plants per square meter as compared with 4 and 6 plants per square meter. According to the results, the dry matter yield and essential oil yield and content were calculated to be 3937.9 kg ha-1, 77.52 kg, and 1.973%, respectively. In addition, in the fourth year of study, the number of flowering branches, crown diameter and height were calculated to be 317.153, 42.87 cm and 15.3cm, respectively. The essential oil T. lancifolius contained more than 44% carvacrol and 31% thymol.
M. Nasiri; S.E. Seedian; E. Sharifi Ashorabadi
Abstract
Thymus, belonging to Lamiaceae family, is one of the most important medicinal genera in Iran. It has many uses in food, health care, cosmetics and especially in pharmaceutical industries. This research was aimed to investigate the germination parameters and establishment of seedlings from different accessions ...
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Thymus, belonging to Lamiaceae family, is one of the most important medicinal genera in Iran. It has many uses in food, health care, cosmetics and especially in pharmaceutical industries. This research was aimed to investigate the germination parameters and establishment of seedlings from different accessions of Thymus species(T. daenensis, T. fedchenkoi, T. kotschyanus, T. lancifolius, T. migricus, T. pubescens, T. transcaspicus and T. vulgaris). All the accessions are stored in Natural Resources Gene Bank of Iran. The seeds of accession were son in pots using a completely randomized design with three replications. Data were collected for thousand seed weight, seed germination percentage, seed storage time, germination rate, vegetative growth rate (2, 4, 6 and 8-leaf stage and the emergence of lateral branches), and the establishment percentage of each accession was measured in greenhouse. Unknown accessions were identified after preparing the herbarium specimens. Results indicated positive and significant correlations between 1000-seed weight and germination percentage as well as between seedling establishment and germination percentage (p<0.05); however, no significant correlation was found with emergence of leaves. The highest 1000-seed weight was observed in T. kotschyanus and T. lancifolius, respectively and the highest percentage of germination in T. pubescens. Positive and significant correlations were observed between primary and secondary seed germination percentage and germination rate; however, leaf emergence and lateral branch emergence were negatively correlated. Secondary seed germination showed significant positive correlation with germination rate (p<1% and 5%, respectively). Germination rate and leaf emergence showed positive significant correlation. There were no significant correlations between leaf emergence and lateral branch emergence of different species.
A.A. Sajedipoor; S. Mashayekhi
Abstract
The existence of demand for medicinal plants is affected by different social and cultural factors. This study aimed to investigate the demand for medicinal plants in three neighboring provinces including Hamedan, Markazi and Lorestan provinces. This research was done by survey method. The necessary data ...
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The existence of demand for medicinal plants is affected by different social and cultural factors. This study aimed to investigate the demand for medicinal plants in three neighboring provinces including Hamedan, Markazi and Lorestan provinces. This research was done by survey method. The necessary data for this study were collected by completion of questionnaire through direct interview from 96 sellers of medicinal plants in the study provinces, selected by random sampling method in the year 2011. The samples were selected by simple random sampling method using Cochran formula for unknown population size. The validity of questionnaire was confirmed by panel of experts. On the other hand, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was found to be 0.787, confirming the reliability of questionnaire. In this study, fluctuations of market demand through coefficient of variation (CV) and relationship between studied variables by using Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT) were investigated. Meanwhile, the ranking of effective factors on demand of medicinal plants was done using Friedman''s rank test. The results showed that the distillates had the highest demand with a share of 28.8 percent in selected provinces among all kinds of medicinal plants. Friedman''s rank test indicated that price, ease of consumption and access to traditional medicine clinic were most important factors, affecting the demand of medicinal plants in the study provinces. The results also showed that despite the proximity of the provinces studied, no significant relationship was found for the market demand of medicinal plants in terms of quantity and value in the three provinces. The coefficient of variation revealed that the demand for medicinal plants in Lorestan province had more fluctuations as compared to Markazi and Hamedan provinces.
Sh. Sharafaldin Shirazi; F. Fazeli
Abstract
Thyme, a perennial species from Lamiaceae family, is a valuable medicinal plant in the world. Thymus daenensis Celak. is distributed in many parts of Iran. In order to investigate the effect of micro-chelate iron and iron sulfate on stem length, crown cover, biomass yield, dry matter yield, and absorption ...
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Thyme, a perennial species from Lamiaceae family, is a valuable medicinal plant in the world. Thymus daenensis Celak. is distributed in many parts of Iran. In order to investigate the effect of micro-chelate iron and iron sulfate on stem length, crown cover, biomass yield, dry matter yield, and absorption rate of N, P, K, and Fe in leaves, a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replicates was conducted. The study was performed in Homand Rangeland Research station in 2012. Three levels of micro-chelate iron (0, 3, and 6 kgha-1) and iron sulfate (3 and 6 kg in 1000 liters of water per square meter) at three stages. Results of analysis variance showed that the effect of different amounts of fertilizers on stem length (p≤0.05), biomass yield and dry matter yield (p≤0.01) were significant (28.63 cm, 5110 and 2613kg.h-1). The interaction of two above fertilizers on crown cover (47.81 cm2), absorption rate of N, P, K, Fe in leaves were significant (p≤0.01). The highest absorption rate of N was P, K and Fe were 1.1%, 1.14, 15.9, and 1.70 g.kg-1, respectively. Therefore, nano iron chelate at 6kg.ha-1 could be recommended.
M. Movaghari; H. Arzani; A. Tavili; H. Azarnivand; M. Saravi; M. Farahpoor
Abstract
Due to the lack of sufficient knowledge on rangeland suitability, rangelands are utilized intensely to provide livestock products and therefore other aspects of utilization have been ignored. However, Iran with more than 8000 plant species is one the world's richest plant communities so that medicinal ...
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Due to the lack of sufficient knowledge on rangeland suitability, rangelands are utilized intensely to provide livestock products and therefore other aspects of utilization have been ignored. However, Iran with more than 8000 plant species is one the world's richest plant communities so that medicinal plants comprise much of this rich flora. Due to the high species diversity, Lasem Watershed has a great potential in the field of medicinal plants. This research was aimed to determine the suitability of medicinal plants in the mentioned watershed. The final suitability map of medicinal plants was prepared by combining vegetation and environmental factors in GIS environment. Sampling was performed randomly within the vegetation types using two 100-m perpendicular transects to measure vegetative characteristics including the frequency, canopy cover percentage, composition and production of medicinal species in 1-m2 plots. According to the obtained results, around 10.6% of the study area (1071.4 ha) was in good suitability class (S1), 28.1% (2841 ha) in fair suitability class (S2), 41.5% (4193.5 ha) in poor suitability class (S3), and 20% of the study area (2006.8 ha) was classified as non-suitable (N). Generally, production economic index was identified as the most important factor, reducing the rangeland suitability of Lasem watershed. In addition, due to the topographic conditions of the region, slope plays a significant role in reducing rangeland suitability.
E. Sharifi Ashoorabadi; H. Rouhipour; M.H. Assareh; S.R. Tabei Aghdaei; M.H. Lebaschy; B. Naderi
Abstract
In order to investigate of water requirement in Rosa damascene Mill., an experiment was carried out in the Alborz Research Center in 2012. The lysimeters with drainage system were used for Rosa damascene (adult plant), Medicago sativa (reference plant) and control group (only soil). For each lysimeter, ...
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In order to investigate of water requirement in Rosa damascene Mill., an experiment was carried out in the Alborz Research Center in 2012. The lysimeters with drainage system were used for Rosa damascene (adult plant), Medicago sativa (reference plant) and control group (only soil). For each lysimeter, the soil moisture content was measured by weighting method before and after applying irrigation treatments based on the field capacity. The amount of water requirement and run-off were measured in each lysimeter. The evapotranspiration of Rosa damascene (ETc) and reference plant (ETo) was estimated by lysimeter. The plant coefficient of Rosa damascene (Kc) was calculated by ETc/ETo ratio. In order to comparison of lysimeter data with indirect methods, the Blaney Criddle and Penman-Monteith methods (corrected by FAO) were used to determine the evapotranspiration in reference plant. According to the obtained results, WUE and ETo in Rosa damascene were calculated to be 2.18 and 46.0, respectively. The evapotarnspiration of Rosa damascene after 820 GDD in full flowering, was 111 mm. The ETc after 3740 GDD in the late stage was estimated to be 1147 mm. The evapotarnspiration of reference plants, after 3833 GDD, in lysimeter, Blaney Criddle and Penman-Monteith methods were 1247, 1392 and 1160 mm, respectively. Based on results, a similar estimation of ETo content was obtained by lysimetr and computational methods.
S.A. Hosseini; M. Goudarzi; A. Zarei; A. Meimandipour; A. Sadeghipanah
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of funnel and licorice on immune response, blood parameter and gastrointestinal organs in broiler chiks. A completely randomized design with six treatments, four replications and 25 broiler chicks in each replication were used. Experimental groups ...
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An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of funnel and licorice on immune response, blood parameter and gastrointestinal organs in broiler chiks. A completely randomized design with six treatments, four replications and 25 broiler chicks in each replication were used. Experimental groups were consisted of 1- Basal diet without any additives (Control-), 2- Basal diet + 2.5 g/Kg funnel, 3- Basal diet + 5 g/Kg funnel, 4- Basal diet + 2.5 g/Kg licorice, 5- Basal diet + 5 g/Kg licorice and 6- Basal diet+ Antibiotic growth promoter. In this experiment, immune response as like as SRBC, immunoglobulin G and M and some blood parameters (T3 and T4) were investigated. In addition, gastrointestinal organ was investigated. According to the results, using funnel and licorice in 2.5 and 5 g/Kg of diets had no significant effect on feed intake, body weight, livability, feed conversion and production index (p > 0.05), but the numerical difference between herbal groups and antibiotic was observed. Based on these results, carcass, breast, drumsticks and abdominal fat percentage were not affected by treatments (p > 0.05). Using herbal plant and antibiotic did not alter the intestinal and immune organs weight and also its effects on duodenum, jejunum and ileum weight and length were not significant (p > 0.05), and finally similar results were observed for T3 and T4.
H. Dehghanpur; H. Dehganizadeh
Abstract
During recent years, using medicinal plants in many countries around the world has uptrend. In many types of people are using natural plants such circumstances knowledge of factors related to utilization of medicinal plants, information and possible intervention to change behavior in order to expand ...
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During recent years, using medicinal plants in many countries around the world has uptrend. In many types of people are using natural plants such circumstances knowledge of factors related to utilization of medicinal plants, information and possible intervention to change behavior in order to expand use of medicinal plants, is effective. Considering the importance of Yazd in the production of medicinal plants in this study to determine factors associated with the use of medicinal plants by the inhabitants of Yazd city, has been done. This study used a survey questionnaire that apparent validity and reliability was confirmed, was performed. Study population included residents of the city of Yazd were selected for sample from random cluster sampling was used and a total of 500 patients were studied. Also analyzed data from the statistical software SPSS (version 16) was used. After reconciling the demographic economic and other variables - social, some findings showed that the use of medicinal plants in the form of women significantly more than men, people with a degree diploma in the form of significantly higher than other academic and government insurance form significantly greater than other types of insurance was. The significant correlation between the residential area, age, occupation, monthly income, insurance and economic status using medicinal plants did not exist.
S. Shahriari; M. Azizi; H. Aroiee; H. Ansari
Abstract
In order to study the effects of different irrigation regimes and mulch types on growth parameters and essential oil content of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.), this experiment was performed in research field of Agricultural College of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad during 2010. The experimental design ...
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In order to study the effects of different irrigation regimes and mulch types on growth parameters and essential oil content of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.), this experiment was performed in research field of Agricultural College of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad during 2010. The experimental design was factorial in a randomized complete blocks design with four replications. Treatments included three irrigation levels (100, 80 and 60 percent of water requirements calculated by evaporation pan class A) and two mulch types (black plastic and wood chips) in comparison to control. Results showed that the effect of irrigation on fresh weight, dry weight, leaf relative water content, leaf area and essential oil yield was significant (p< 0.05). The effect of mulch on fresh weight, dry weight, leaf area, inter-node distance, number of branch and essential oil yield was significant (p< 0.05). Interaction between irrigation and mulch on inter-node distance, fresh weight, dry weight and leaf area was significant (p< 0.05). This study showed the highest dry weight yield per plant (38.35 g) and the highest essential oil yield (82.83 L.ha-1) on the first level of irrigation with the use of wood chips mulch. Also, there was no significant difference between the first level of irrigation and mulch wood chips with the third level of irrigation and mulch wood chips. The lowest dry matter yield (14.87 g) and the lowest essential oil yield (29.57 L.ha-1) were obtained at third level of irrigation and without mulch. In addition, wood chips was identified as the best treatment to reduce the stress caused by deficit irrigation. In conclusion, results showed that the use of wood chips as mulch and 60 % of irrigation water requirement resulted to the highest water productivity in Peppermint production.
A. Nobakht; M.R. Rahimzadeh; A.R. Safamehr
Abstract
Due to the ease of application, abundance and lack of significant side effects medicinal plants and their derivatives are used for poultry as effective additives. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of nettle (Urtica dioica L.), pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.) and ...
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Due to the ease of application, abundance and lack of significant side effects medicinal plants and their derivatives are used for poultry as effective additives. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of nettle (Urtica dioica L.), pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.) and ziziphora (Ziziphora tenuior L.) on performance, carcass traits, blood hematological and biochemical parameters of broilers. The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design including 324 broilers (Ross 308) with 9 treatments and 3 replications (each replication included 12 hens) from age 1 to 42 days. Experimental groups included I) control group with no medicinal plants, and in other treatments the levels of medicinal plants in starter and grower periods were as II) 0.75% III) 0 and 0.75%, IV) 0.75% and 1.5%, V) 1.5% and 0.75%, VI) 0.75% and 1.5%, VII) 0 and 1.5%, VIII) 1.5% and 0, IX) 1.5% in both periods. The results showed that different levels of medicinal plants in starter and grower periods had significant effects on performance, carcass traits and hematological status of broilers (p < 0.05). According to the results, the highest daily weight gain (59.75g), the lowest feed conversion (1.90) the highest carcass percentage (74.04) and the highest percentage of gizzard (2.77) were observed in group 3, whereas the best level of white blood cells was observed in group 9, but there were no significant differences between experimental groups and control group in terms of performance and blood hematological parameters.
