Effects of water deficit stress and fertilizer sources on morphological characteristics and phenolic compounds in medicinal plant purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.)

Soltanian, B.; Rezvani Moghaddam, P.; Asili, J.

doi:10.22092/ijmapr.2020.126724.2592

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

¹ Ph.D. student, Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

² Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

https://doi.org/10.22092/ijmapr.2020.126724.2592

Abstract

The experiment was conducted to study the effects of water deficit stress and fertilizer sources on characteristics of Echinacea purpurea L., in a split plots design with three replications at the research farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran during two years of 2016 and 2017. Irrigation consisted of three levels of non-stress (control), moderate, and severe moisture stress and fertilizer consisted of eight levels of complete fertilizer (NPK), vermicompost, humic acid, humic acid+NPK, humic acid+vermicompost, NPK+vermicompost, NPK+vermicompost+humic acid, and non-use of fertilizer (control). The single effects of deficit irrigation and fertilizer treatments were significant (p≤0.01) on the stem height, number of stems and flowers plant^-1, biomass dry weight, total chlorophylls a and b, and proline content; however, their interaction effects were only significant (p≤0.01) on phenolic compounds of the leaves. In relation to the single effects of irrigation treatments, the highest height and number of stems, number of flowers plant^-1, and biomass dry weight was observed in non-water stress treatments and the lowest amount of these characteristics was observed in severe water stress treatments. The highest and lowest proline content was shown in severe and non-stress treatments, respectively, and the highest and lowest total chlorophylls a and b were obtained in non-stress and severe moisture stress, respectively. Regarding the single effects of fertilizer treatments, there was no significant difference in plant height between fertilizer levels; however, all of them had a significant difference with control treatment (no fertilization). The difference between fertilizer treatments was significant in the number of stems and flowers plant^-1 and biomass dry weight. The highest number of stems and flowers was obtained in humic acid+vermicompost treatment and the highest amounts of biomass dry weight were obtained in vermicompost+NPK treatment. The lowest values of these traits were observed in control (non-fertilization). The highest and lowest amounts of total chlorophylls a and b were obtained in vermicompost+NPK and control treatments, respectively, and the highest and lowest proline values were obtained in control and vermicompost treatments, respectively. The highest phenolic compounds were observed in humic acid+vermicompost+NPK and humic acid+NPK treatments, both of which under severe moisture stress, and the lowest one in non-stress and non-fertilization (control) treatment.

Keywords

References

- Alizadeh, A. and Kamali, G.A., 2008. Crop Water Requirements in Iran. Emam Reza University Press. Mashhad, 227p.

- Anupama, S., Singh, M.C., Kumar, R., Parmar, B.S. and Kumar, A., 2005. Performance of a new superabsorbent polymer on seedling and post planting growth and water use pattern of Chrysanthemum grown under controlled environment. Acta Horticulture, 742: 43-49.

- Arancon, N., Edwards, C.A., Bierman, P., Welch, C. and Metzger, J.D., 2004. Influence of vermin composts on field strawberries: 1. Effect on growth and yields. Bioresource Technology, 93: 145-153.

- Ardalan, V., Aga Yari, F., Paknejad, F., Sadeghi Shoa, M., Ismaelzadeh Khorasani, Sh. and Fatemi Rika, Z., 2012. Effect of deficit stress and different irrigation methods on yield and yield components in two hybrids of corn (Zea mays L.). Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, 8(3): 175-189.

- Aspinal, D. and Palag, L.G., 1981. Proline accumulation: physiological aspects: 205-240. In: Aspinal, D. and Palag L.G., (Eds.). Physiology and Biochemistry of Drought Resistance in Plants. Academic Press New York, 492p.

- Atiyeh, R., Lee, S., Edwards, C., Arancon, N. and Metzger, J., 2002. The influence of humic acids derived from earthworm-processed organic wastes on plant growth. Bio resourceTechnology, 84: 7-14.

- Attarzadeh, M., Balouchi, H.R., Rajaie, M., Movahhedi, M. and Salehi, A., 2019. Improvement of Echinacea purpurea performance by integration of phosphorus with soil microorganisms under different irrigation regimes. Agricultural Water Management, 221: 238-247.

- Bates, I.S., Waldern, R.P. and Tear, I.D., 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant and Soil, 39: 205-220.

- Binns, S.E., Baum, B.R. and Arnason, J.T., 2002. A Taxonomic revision of Echinacea (Asteraceae: Heliantheae). Systemic Botany, 27(3): 610-632.

- Bronick, E.J. and Lai, R., 2005. Soil structure and management: A review. Geoderma, 124: 3-22.

- Ghadyeh Zarrinabadi, I., Razmjoo, J., Abdali Mashhadi, A., Karim mojeni, H. and Boroomand, A., 2019. Physiological response and productivity of pot marigold (Calendula officinalis) genotypes under water deficit. Industrial Crops and Products, 139: 111488.

- Gholami, H., Saharkhiz, M.J., Raouf Fard, F., Ghani, A. and Nadaf, F., 2018. Humic acid and vermicompost increased bioactive components, antioxidant activity and herb yield of Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.). Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 14: 286-292.

- Ghosh, P.K., Ajay, K.K., Bandyopadhyay, M.C., Manna, K.G., Mandal, A.K. and Hati, K.M., 2004. Comparative effectiveness of cattle manure, poultry manure, phosphor compost and fertilizer-NPK on three cropping system in vertisols of semi -arid tropics. II. Dry matter yield, nodulation, chlorophyll content and enzyme activity. Bioresource Technology, 95: 85-93.

- Goksoy, A.T., Demir, A.O., Turan, Z.M. and Daustu, N., 2004. Responses of sunflower to full and limited irrigation at different growth stages. Field Crop Research, 87: 167-178.

- Khorasaninejad, S., Alizadeh Ahmadabadi, A. and Hemmati, K., 2018. The effect of humic acid on leaf morphophysiological and phytochemical properties of Echinacea purpurea L. under water deficit stress. Scientia Horticulturae, 239: 314-323.

- Khurana, E. and Singh, J.S., 2000. Influence of seed size on seedling growth of Albizia procera under different soil water levels. Annals of Botany, 86: 1185-1192.

- Kindscher, K., 2016. Echinacea Herbal Medicine with a Wild History. Springer International Publishing. Switzerland, 238p.

- Kreft, S., 2005. Cichoric acid content and biomass production of Echinacea purpurea plants cultivated in Slovenia. Pharmaceutical Biology, 43(8): 662-665.

- Mahajan, S. and Tuteja, N., 2005. Cold, salinity and drought stress: an overview. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 444: 139-158.

- Murty, M.G. and Ladha, J.K., 1998. Influence of Azospirillum inoculation on the mineral uptake and growth of rice under hydroponic conditions. Plant and soil, 108: 281-285.

- Muscolo, A., Sidari, M., Attiná, E., Francioso, O., Tugnoli, V. and Nardi, S., 2007. Biological activity of humic substances is related to their chemical structure. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 71: 75-85.

- Nickolee, Z., Kjelgren, R., Cerny-Koenig, R., Kopp, K. and Koenig, R., 2006. Drought responses of six ornamental herbaceous perennials. Scientia Horticulture, 109(3): 267-274.

- Nilsen, E.T. and Orcutt, D.M., 1996. Physiology of Plant under Stress: Abioticfactors. John Wiely and Sons, New York, 689p.

-Omidbaigi, R., 2010. Production and Processing of Medicinal Plants (Vo. 4). Behnashr Publications. Mashhad, 423p.

- Percival, S.S., 2000. Use of Echinacea in medicine. Biochemical Pharmacology, 60: 155-158.

- Rebey, B.I., Jabri-Karoui, I., Hamrouni-Sellami, I., Bourgou, S., Limam, F. and Marzouk, B., 2012. Effect of drought on the biochemical composition and antioxidant activities of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) seeds. Industrial Crops and Products, 36: 238-245.

- Salehi, A., Tasdighi, H.R. and Gholamhoseini, M., 2016. Evaluation of proline, chlorophyll, soluble sugar content and uptake of nutrients in the German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) under drought stress and organic fertilizer treatments. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 6: 881-891.

- Scaglia, B., Rachide Nunes, R., Rezende, M.O.O., Tambone, F. and Adani, F., 2016. Investigating organic molecules responsible of auxin-like activity of humic acid fraction extracted from vermicompost. Science of the Total Environment, 562: 289-295.

- Sholto, D. and Cunningham, R., 2019. Echinacea for the prevention and treatment of upper respiratory tract infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 44: 18-26.

- Slinkard, K. and Singleton, V.L., 1977. Total phenol analysis: automation and comparison with manual methods. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture 28: 49-55.

- Taherkhani, T., Rahmani, N., Moradi, A. and Zandi, P., 2011. Assessment of nitrogen levels on flower yield of Calendula grown under different water deficit stress using drought tolerant indices. Journal of American Science, 7: 591-598.

- Tombesi, S., Frioni, T., Poni, S. and Palliotti, A., 2018. Effect of water stress “memory” on plant behavior during subsequent drought stress. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 150: 106-114.

- Yousef, R.M.M., Khalil, S.E. and El-Said, N.A.M., 2013. Response of Echinacea purpurea L. to irrigation water regime and bio fertilization in sandy soils. World Applied Sciences Journal, 26(6): 771-782.

Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research

Effects of water deficit stress and fertilizer sources on morphological characteristics and phenolic compounds in medicinal plant purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.)

References

References

Volume 36, Issue 1 - Serial Number 99
March and April 2020
Pages 130-141

Effects of water deficit stress and fertilizer sources on morphological characteristics and phenolic compounds in medicinal plant purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.)

References

References

Volume 36, Issue 1 - Serial Number 99March and April 2020Pages 130-141

Volume 36, Issue 1 - Serial Number 99
March and April 2020
Pages 130-141