S.A. Hossaini
Abstract
Hops (Humulus lupulus L.) is a perennial plant and belongs to Cannabinaceae family, cultivated in many parts of the world for medicinal and industrial uses. It’s native to Golestan Province. This survey was carried out during 2000-2003 to achieve the best method for cultivation of H. lupulus in ...
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Hops (Humulus lupulus L.) is a perennial plant and belongs to Cannabinaceae family, cultivated in many parts of the world for medicinal and industrial uses. It’s native to Golestan Province. This survey was carried out during 2000-2003 to achieve the best method for cultivation of H. lupulus in Gorgan. In this research, four methods of cultivation (seeding, cutting, underbrush, and layering) were performed in a randomized complete blocks design with four replications. Results showed significant differences with regard to the plant's establishment between the methods of underbrush, layering and seeding with cutting (p < 0/01). Significant differences were also observed with regard to the yield of Humulus lupulus under different cultivation methods as underbrush and layering methods respectively with a yield of 1610 and 1338 kgha-1 showed higher yield than that of seeding and cutting methods with 687 and 28.5 kgha-1 respectively (p < 0/01). Totally, underbrush method is recommended for Gorgan region due to the suitable establishment and high yield in comparison with three other methods.
Z. Aslani; A. Hassani; M. Rasooli Sadaghiyani; F. Sefidkon; M. Barin
Abstract
To study the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi inoculation and drought stress on growth, chlorophyll content and phosphorus uptake of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), a pot experiment was conducted using a factorial based on randomized complete blocks design with four replications. The factors ...
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To study the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi inoculation and drought stress on growth, chlorophyll content and phosphorus uptake of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), a pot experiment was conducted using a factorial based on randomized complete blocks design with four replications. The factors were mycorrhizal inoculation (non-inoculated and inoculated with Glomus mosseae T.H. Nicolson & Gerd. and Glomus intraradices N.C. Schenck & G.S. Sm) and three irrigation regimes (irrigation intervals were every 4, 8 and 12 days). The results showed that drought stress had significant effects on evaluated characteristics. As with decrease of the soil water content, plant height, stem diameter, number and area of leaves, number of axillary shoot, root dry weight, fresh and dry herb yield, chlorophyll content, P concentration in leaves and root colonization decreased. Also, AM fungi inoculation had significant effects on growth parameters and P uptake. Plants inoculated with AM fungi had higher growth, yield and P uptake than non-inoculated plants under droughtstress and non-stress conditions. G. mosseae was more effective than G. intraradices in alleviation of drought stress. It could be concluded that AM fungi are able to enhance the growth and yield of basil under drought stress condition through enhancing P uptake.
S. Rahimzadeh; Y. Sohrabi; Gh. Heidari; A.R. Eivazi; T. Hoseini
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of biofertilizers on the yield and quality of Dracocephalum moldavica L. essential oil, a field experiment was conducted at the Western Azarbaijan Agricultural Research Station in 2008. Randomized Complete Block Design was used including 9 treatments and 4 replications. ...
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In order to evaluate the effect of biofertilizers on the yield and quality of Dracocephalum moldavica L. essential oil, a field experiment was conducted at the Western Azarbaijan Agricultural Research Station in 2008. Randomized Complete Block Design was used including 9 treatments and 4 replications. Treatments were nitroxin, biological phosphorus, bio-sulfur, nitroxin + biological phosphorus, biological phosphorus + biosulfur, nitroxin + biosulfur, nitroxin + biological phosphorus + bio-sulfur, chemical origin of nitrogen + phosphorus + potassium and control (no fertilizer treatment). According to the results, the effect of treatments on dry matter yield (leaves), seed and biological yield, percentage and yield of essential oil and thousand seed weight was significant (P<0.01) while it was not significant on harvest index of leaves and harvest index of seed. Means comparison showed that applying chemical fertilizer (NPK) resulted in highest leaves dry matter, seed and biological yield. The highest essential oil content and essential oil yield respectively obtained from nitroxin + biological phosphorus + bio-sulfur and nitroxin biofertilizer. Considering the fact that no significant difference was observed between applying nitroxin and chemical NPK, it can be concluded that applying nitroxin may result in maximum seed and essential oil yield. In all studied traits, application of some biofertilizers was significantly better than control treatment (no fertilizer).
N. Esfahanianfard; F. Sefidkon; Gh. Bakhshi Khaniki
Abstract
To investigate variations in the essential oil content and composition, leaves of three Eucalyptus species named E. melliodora, E. kingsmilli and E. dundasii were collected in the middle of four seasons during two years from two warm regions, Dezful and Shushtar in South of Iran. The essential oils were ...
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To investigate variations in the essential oil content and composition, leaves of three Eucalyptus species named E. melliodora, E. kingsmilli and E. dundasii were collected in the middle of four seasons during two years from two warm regions, Dezful and Shushtar in South of Iran. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and the oils were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The maximum oil yield of E. melliodora was obtained in winter (3.1-3.9%) and spring (2.6-2.7%) from Shushtar samples, and in autumn (1.7-2.0%) from Dezful samples. The highest percentage of 1,8-cineole was found in winter and autumn in both regions. The maximum oil yield of E. kingsmilli was obtained in winter (2.8-3.1%) from Shushtar samples, and in authumn (2.7-3.2%) from Dezful samples. The highest percentage of 1, 8-cineole was found in winter and autumn in Shushtar and autumn, spring and winter in Dezful. The maximum oil yield of E. dundasii was obtained in winter (2.8-4.7%) from Shushtar samples, and in summer (0.9%) from Dezful samples. The highest percentage of 1, 8-cineole was found in spring and autumn in Shudhtar and spring in Dezful. There were also some variations in the amounts of other major and minor components. According to the results and to achieve a suitable quality and quantity of Eucalyptus essential oil, cultivation of E. melliodora in Shushtar and Dezful is recommended. For obtaining the highest oil yield and 1,8-cineole content from the mentioned Eucalyptus species, the best harvesting time for E. melliodora is spring and winter in Shushtar and autumn in Dezful. Cultivation of E. kingsmilli in Dezful is more suitable than that in Shushtar and the best harvesting time is spring and autumn in Shushtar and autumn in Dezful. Cultivation of E. dundasii is also recommended in Shushtar while not in Dezful due to its low yield and quality of essential oil. The best harvesting time for E. dundasii in Shushtar is winter (the highest oil yield) and spring (the highest 1, 8-cineole percentage).
O. Khorsandi; A. Hassani; F. Sefidkon; H. Shirzad; A.R. Khorsandi
Abstract
Water and soil salinity on the environmental agents limit plant growth and its productivity in Iran. Anise Hyssop (Agastache foeniculum kuntz.) is a perennial and aromatic herb plant, belonging to the Lamiaceae family. The essential oil of Anise Hyssop used in food industries, pharmacy, perfumery and ...
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Water and soil salinity on the environmental agents limit plant growth and its productivity in Iran. Anise Hyssop (Agastache foeniculum kuntz.) is a perennial and aromatic herb plant, belonging to the Lamiaceae family. The essential oil of Anise Hyssop used in food industries, pharmacy, perfumery and making soda. This experiment was conducted in a randomized complete blocks design with six salt treatments including 0 (control), 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125 mM NaCl and four replications in green house. Some parameters such as growth, yield and content and composition of essential oil were modulated. The results showed that salt stress had significant effects on estimated parameters. Salinity decreased plant height, number and length of axillary shoots, steam diameter, length of internodes, number and area of leaves, fresh and dry weight of leave and shoot, herbal yield and amount of essential oil in pot. In the composition of essential oil β-pinene, myrcene, anisaldehyd and β-bourbonene increased and amount of linalool and methyl chavicol decreased. Also high salinity (100 and 125 mM) destroyed plants.
A. Akbarinia; E. Sharifi Ashoorabadi; M. Mirza
Abstract
Thymus daenensis Celak. is distributed in some areas of Iran such as Qazvin province. In order to evaluate essential oil yield and composition of T. daenensis an experiment was conducted in research farm of Qazvin Research Station based on randomized complete block design with three replications during ...
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Thymus daenensis Celak. is distributed in some areas of Iran such as Qazvin province. In order to evaluate essential oil yield and composition of T. daenensis an experiment was conducted in research farm of Qazvin Research Station based on randomized complete block design with three replications during 2006-2008. Aerial parts of the plants were dried in shadow and hydro distilled for obtaining their essential oils. Capillary GC and GC/MS analysis were used to determine the volatile profile of the essential oil samples. Fresh and dry herbage yields of T. daenensis were 9124-1568, 10250-2176 and 11337-2750 kg/ha in 2006, 2007 and 2008 respectively. Aerial parts yield were higher in the first cutting and showed decreased trend in latter cutting each year. The yields of fresh and dry biomass were 3498-800 kg/ha for the first cutting, 3015-720 kg/ha for the second cutting, 1947-508 kg/ha for the third cutting and 1976-504 kg/ha for the forth cutting. There was no difference in volatile oil percentage in different years, but there were significant difference between different cuttings. The oil yield was 2.83% at third cutting and 3.07% at first cutting. Thymol, γ-terpinene, ρ-cemene, metyl-eyther carvacrol and carvacrol were the main components of essential oil in all cuttings and years. Thymol percentage was varied from 69% (first cutting) to 76% (second cutting) in the essential oils of T. daenensis.
M.J. Seghatoleslami; Kh. Ahmadi Bonakdar
Abstract
In order to understand the effects of sowing dates and plant density on fenugreek (Trigonella foenum gracum L.), an experiment was conducted at Torbat-e-Jam region in 2005. Four sowing dates (28 February, 19 March, 9 April and 29 April) and four plant densities (10, 20, 30 and 40 plants/m2) were compared ...
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In order to understand the effects of sowing dates and plant density on fenugreek (Trigonella foenum gracum L.), an experiment was conducted at Torbat-e-Jam region in 2005. Four sowing dates (28 February, 19 March, 9 April and 29 April) and four plant densities (10, 20, 30 and 40 plants/m2) were compared in a split plot design based on randomized complete blocks with 4 replications. Sowing date had significant effects on seed yield and its components. The earliest and the latest sowing dates had the greatest and the lowest seed yield, respectively (88.34 and 22.3 g/m2). Also, these treatments had the greatest and the lowest 1000 seed weight (12.0 and 9.9 g) and pod number per plant (25.8 and 6.8). Harvest index was the lowest in the latest sowing date (29 April), because flowering and seed formation happened contemporary with high temperature. In addition, delay in sowing time reduced plant height, significantly. Plant density had significant effect on seed yield. Seed yield was the highest at 40 plants/m2. There was no significant interaction on different characters.
B. Mirshekari; H. Asadi Rahmani; A. Mirmozafari Rodsari
Abstract
In order to study the effects of seed inoculation with Azospirillum strains and coating with microelements on seed and essential oil yield of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) an experiment was conducted at research field of agricultural faculty of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz. Studied factors were Azospirillum ...
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In order to study the effects of seed inoculation with Azospirillum strains and coating with microelements on seed and essential oil yield of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) an experiment was conducted at research field of agricultural faculty of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz. Studied factors were Azospirillum strains (lipoferum, brasilense, irakense, strain of and strain 21) included seed coating with microelements and no-coating seeds. Factorial experiment was arranged based on randomized complete block design. Results indicated that, when seeds were inoculated with Azospirillum, strain 21, umbel number per plant increased 11 umbel, compared with control. The lowest thousand seed weight obtained from treatment that seeds no-inoculated and no-coated. Seed yield was the highest (571 kg ha-1), when seeds were both inoculated with strain 21 and coated with microelements, and this value was twice more than the treatment of those seeds only inoculated with Azospirillum strains. When seeds were coated with microelements, yield increased to 147 kg ha-1 (based on averaged Azospirillum strains) compared to non-coated seeds. Essential oil yield of cumin ranged from 17.2 kg ha-1 in treatment of seed inoculation with Azospirillum, strain 21×seed coating with microelements to 2.56 kg ha-1 in control sample. Difference between seed and Essential oil yield of cumin was not significant, when those seeds coated with microelements were inoculated with strain 21 and strain of. In cumin planting seeds coating with microelements and inoculation with Azospirillum, strain 21 or strain of is recommended.
A. Lotfi; A.A. Vahabi Sedehi; A. Ganbari; M. Heydari
Volume 24, Issue 4 , February 2009, , Pages 506-518
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of the two factors (deficit irrigation and manure) on yield and quality characteristic of the Plantago ovata Forssk. and experiment was conducted at the Research Farm, Zabol University. For this purpose split plot design based on completely randomized block with 4 ...
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In order to investigate the effects of the two factors (deficit irrigation and manure) on yield and quality characteristic of the Plantago ovata Forssk. and experiment was conducted at the Research Farm, Zabol University. For this purpose split plot design based on completely randomized block with 4 replications was used. Results of the variance analysis indicated that there were significant difference between irrigation levels on the yield and it’s five dependent traits except 1000 seeds weight and Biomass. The application of manure showed significant effect for all traits except 1000 seeds weight and Plant height. Levels of irrigation and manure had no significant effects on the quality characters such as amount of mucilage and swelling factor.
F. Heidari; S. Zehtab Salmasi; A. Javanshir; H. Aliari; M.R. Dadpoor
Volume 24, Issue 1 , May 2008, , Pages 1-9
Abstract
Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) from Lamiaceae family is one of the most important medicinal plants, used in food, sanitary and cosmetic industries. A field experiment was carried out in Tabriz University in 2005. In this study, the effects of four plant densities (8, 12, 16 and 20 plants/m2) and microelements ...
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Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) from Lamiaceae family is one of the most important medicinal plants, used in food, sanitary and cosmetic industries. A field experiment was carried out in Tabriz University in 2005. In this study, the effects of four plant densities (8, 12, 16 and 20 plants/m2) and microelements of two level (nonspraying, spraying) on yield and essential oil production of peppermint were evaluated at two cuttings. The data obtained from each harvests by factorial experiment on the basis of randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications and two cutting analysis of compound variance (split plot on time). The results of the first cutting showed that microelements of spraying dry yield, bush and leaf essential oil percentage and essential oil yield increased. In the first cutting dry yield, the oil yield increased by increasing the plant density. In second cutting, microelement spraying cause dry yield and leaf essential oil percentage and essential oil yield of significant affected. Also dry yield increased by increasing the plant density .The results of two cutting indicated that peppermint plants grown better in the first cutting than the second cutting. Plants harvested in first cutting had higher dry yield and essential oil yield, but had lower bush and leaf essential oil. The maximum leaf essential oil percentage (2.96%) obtained with spraying in the second cutting. The maximum essential oil yield was obtained (20.02 li.ha-1) in the first cutting.
A. Alizadeh Sahzabi; E. Sharifi Ashorabadi; A.H. Shiranirad; B. Abaszadeh
Volume 23, Issue 3 , November 2007, , Pages 416-431
Abstract
The effect of applying different methods and nitrogen levels on yield and essential oil of savagery (Satureja hortensis L.) was investigated using a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with 3 replications in 2005, Karaj, Iran. The treatments included application of solid nitrogen ...
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The effect of applying different methods and nitrogen levels on yield and essential oil of savagery (Satureja hortensis L.) was investigated using a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with 3 replications in 2005, Karaj, Iran. The treatments included application of solid nitrogen in soil with 4 levels 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha and spray of nitrogen on foliage with 4 levels 0, 4.5, 6 and 7.5 percent. The nitrogen applied three times equally. The results showed, effect of treatments on biological yield, plant height, essential oil percentage, flowering shoot yield, number of lateral branch (P< 0.01) and harvest index were significant (P<0.05). Interaction of treatments on essential oil percentage, essential oil yield, flowering shoot yield (P<0.01) and biological yield (P<0.05) were significant. This experiment found that applying 100 kg pure nitrogen in soil with 4.5% produced highest biological yield, seed and flowering shoot with means of 4424, 875.3 and 1855 kg ha-1, respectively. The results showed, increase of nitrogen application caused decrease of essential oil percentage. Highest essential oil percentage related to application of 6% of nitrogen solution with mean of 2.13%. Utilization of 150 kg of solid nitrogen with 7.5% of nitrogen solution produced highest plant height with mean of 66.88 cm, highest lateral branch with mean of 18 and highest essential oil yield with mean of 33.7 kg ha-1. Highest harvest index related to control with mean of 25.98%. The results showed that use of sprayed nitrogen on foliage decrease nitrogen application. Therefore, this method could be suitable for sustainable agriculture.
A. Hassani
Volume 22, Issue 3 , November 2006, , Pages 256-261
Abstract
Moldavian balm (Dracocephalum moldavica) is an annual herb plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family. Moldavian balm is considered stomachic and sedative. Essential oil of this plant are used in pharmaceutical and food industries and possesses antimicrobial feature. To study the effects of different levels ...
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Moldavian balm (Dracocephalum moldavica) is an annual herb plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family. Moldavian balm is considered stomachic and sedative. Essential oil of this plant are used in pharmaceutical and food industries and possesses antimicrobial feature. To study the effects of different levels of water stress on growth, yield and essential oil content of Moldavian balm, a pot experiment in randomized complete block design with four treatments and four replications was conducted. Water stress treatments were: 100% of field capacity (non-stress), 85% of field capacity (mild water stress), 70% of field capacity (moderate water stress) and 55% of field capacity (severe water stress). According to the results of statistical analysis, water stress had significant effect on growth parameters, herb yield and essential oil yield. As the soil water content decreased, plant height, stem diameter, number and length of auxiliary shoots, fresh and dry herb yield in pot and essential oil yield decreased. There was no significant difference between water stress treatments for essential oil content. The highest amounts of essential oil content (0.35 ml/100gr dry weight) and essential oil yield (0.115 ml/pot) were observed in 70% and 100% of field capacity, respectively.
M.A. Dorry
Volume 22, Issue 3 , November 2006, , Pages 262-269
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate planting date and seed rate on blond psyllium )Plantago ovata Forsk.) in dry land condition. This experiment was designed in a split plot arrangement using complete randomized block design with three replications in Maraveh- tapeh station in Golestan province. ...
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This study was conducted to investigate planting date and seed rate on blond psyllium )Plantago ovata Forsk.) in dry land condition. This experiment was designed in a split plot arrangement using complete randomized block design with three replications in Maraveh- tapeh station in Golestan province. The treatments comprised two planting dates and three seed rates: 2, 4 and 6 Kg/ha. Planting date had no significant effect on spike length, number of spikes per plant and number of seed per spike but seed rates effect was significant p< 0.05, p< 0.01, p < 0.01 respectively. Results indicated that seed rates had significant difference (p < 0.05) on seed yield so that the highest yield obtained at the highest seed rate (6 Kg/ha) while planting date had no significant effect on seed yield.
M. Bachtiari Ramezani; M.H. Lebaschy; N. Neamati
Abstract
In order to study the effects of plant density on yield and yield components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius)an experiment was conducted in Homand Research Station of Pasture under a completely randomized block design with 3 Replication in 2004. The treatment were 17, 25 and 35 Row Spacing (29, 20 ...
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In order to study the effects of plant density on yield and yield components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius)an experiment was conducted in Homand Research Station of Pasture under a completely randomized block design with 3 Replication in 2004. The treatment were 17, 25 and 35 Row Spacing (29, 20 and 14 Plant/m2, respectively). The results showed significant difference between densities for seed and biomass yield. Stigma yield also increased with high density. Seed per pappus and harvest index were decreased and number of pappus per plant was decreased significantly with high density. Therefore, safflower could be cultivated and produced with optimum yield under dry farming of Damavand Region.
B. Abbaszadeh; E. Sharifi Ashoorabadi; M.R. Ardakani; F. Paknejad
Abstract
In order to investigation the effect of different levels of nitrogen fertilizer on yield of Melissa officinalis L., an experiment was conducted under greenhouse condition in Alborz Research Station in Karaj/Iran in 2003/2004. The research carried out with 6 levels of foliar application of nitrogen using ...
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In order to investigation the effect of different levels of nitrogen fertilizer on yield of Melissa officinalis L., an experiment was conducted under greenhouse condition in Alborz Research Station in Karaj/Iran in 2003/2004. The research carried out with 6 levels of foliar application of nitrogen using of completely randomized design with three replications. The treatments included 0, 3%, 4.5%, 6%, 7.5 % and 9% nitrogen fertilizer and applied in 3 stages on plant. Results showed that effect of different levels of foliar application on yield was significant. The level of 4.5% had a higher performance (85.8 g/ shoot per plant) to others. Reduction of yield at levels of 7.5% and 9.0% was explained by Micherlich law. Foliar application caused to increase of yield and decreasing of agroecosystem pollution. Foliar application was a suitable approach in sustainable agriculture.
S.R. Tabaei-Aghdaei; M.B. Rezaee
Volume 20, Issue 3 , October 2004, , Pages 333-344
Abstract
Rosa damascena from eight rejions in western parts of Iran, were cultivated at the experimental field of Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, using three replicated randomized complete blocks design. Six genotypes were compared based on different traits including flower yield in 2003 and ...
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Rosa damascena from eight rejions in western parts of Iran, were cultivated at the experimental field of Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, using three replicated randomized complete blocks design. Six genotypes were compared based on different traits including flower yield in 2003 and 2004.The obtained data was performed using ANOVA, (wich mean classification and correlation analyses). Genotypes showed significant differences in terms of the measured traits. Comparison in meaning, classified the genotypes in 4, 2, 3 and 4 groups, based on flower yield, flower weight, dry matter percentage and petal weight to flower weight ratio, respectively in 2003 and in 4, 2, 2 and 5 groups in 2004. It could be concluded from the results of different analyses that although the genotypes could be grouped based on geographical origins, flower yield, flower number and dry matter percentage could be used as appropriate selection factors for classification of damask rose genotypes in western parts of Iran.
S.R. Tabaei-Aghdaei; M.B. Rezaee; M. Jebelly
Volume 20, Issue 1 , April 2004, , Pages 111-122
Abstract
Rosa damascena Mill. genotypes from different areas of Iran, were cultivated at the experimental field of Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, using a three replicated randomized complete blocks design. 11 genotypes were compared based on flower yield and morphological characteristics, ...
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Rosa damascena Mill. genotypes from different areas of Iran, were cultivated at the experimental field of Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, using a three replicated randomized complete blocks design. 11 genotypes were compared based on flower yield and morphological characteristics, including plant height, canopy, spine density , spine length, branch angel and leaf number. Evaluation of the obtained data was performed using ANOVA, mean classification and correlation analysis. Genotypes showed significant differences in terms of the measured traits. Comparison of means, classified the genotypes in 3, 4 and 3 groups, based on flower yield, flower number, and average flower weight, respectively. Also, the genotypes were classified in different groups, based on morphological characteristics. The results also indicated that there is a good relationship between some of the measured traits, particularly between yield and number of flowers. It could be concluded from the results of different analyses that although the genotypes could be grouped based on geographical origins, flower yield and number and some of the morphological characteristics could be used as appropriate selection factors for classification of damask rose genotypes, in order to use in breeding programs.
