H. Meftahizade; Y. Hamidoghli; M.H. Asareh; M. Javanmard Dakheli
Abstract
This research was aimed to investigate the effects of sowing date and irrigation regimes on phytochemical attributes of guar genotypes. The study was conducted in a split-split plot randomized block design including two sowing dates (15th and 30th July), four irrigation regimes, and three genotypes with ...
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This research was aimed to investigate the effects of sowing date and irrigation regimes on phytochemical attributes of guar genotypes. The study was conducted in a split-split plot randomized block design including two sowing dates (15th and 30th July), four irrigation regimes, and three genotypes with three replication for two seasons (2015 and 2016). The seeds were harvested and ethanolic extraction was prepared to analyze physicochemical traits such as antioxidant activity, phenol, tannin, protein, viscosity, galactomannan content, etc. The results showed that there were significant differences (P≤0.01%) between sowing date and irrigation regimes in case of phytochemical traits, seed protein, galactomannan content, and minerals. The range of galactomannan content was 28-33%, where the maximum galactomannan level (33.8%) was recorded for the interaction of late sowing date × four- stage irrigation schedule. Among the genotypes studied, the third genotype (RGC-1066) had the highest antioxidant activity and gum protein percentage. There is no significant difference among the genotypes for other characteristics. Late sowing date, G3 (RGC-1066) and four-stage irrigation schedule during growth cycle were the best treatments. The results of this study showed that guar planting in the study area is positively evaluated in terms of mineral materials, protein content, and gum viscosity; therefore, its development can be recommended in the agronomic program.
M. Mohammadpour; A. Ghasemnejad; M.H. Lebaschy; B. Abbaszadeh; M. Azadbakht
Abstract
Summer savory (Satureja hortensis L., Lamiaceae) is a well known medicinal and aromatic plant, native to Southern Europe, Anatolia, Caucasus, Iraq and western Iran, but nowadays it is cultivated worldwide. In order to evaluate the effect of sowing date and plant density on the yield and morphological ...
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Summer savory (Satureja hortensis L., Lamiaceae) is a well known medicinal and aromatic plant, native to Southern Europe, Anatolia, Caucasus, Iraq and western Iran, but nowadays it is cultivated worldwide. In order to evaluate the effect of sowing date and plant density on the yield and morphological characteristics of Satureja hortensis L. a field experiment was conducted in Sary Agricultural University using split-plot design based on randomized complete blocks with three replications during 2010. Main factors were three sowing dates (11 April, 22 April and 3 May) and sub factors were three plant density (15×35, 25×35 and 35×35cm). The species were investigated at full flowering stage. Sowing date and plant density had significant effects on most of the morphological characteristics. According to the results of mean comparison, the highest plant height (52.3 cm), lateral shoot (23.22 N/P), number of nod (17.81), shoot diameter (8.8 mm), root diameter (9.12 mm) and dry weight of root (2.76 g/p) were recorded for first sowing date. Delay in sowing time increased the dry shoot yield significantly as the highest dry shoot yield (3023.1 and 2663.9 kg/ha) was obtained at third and second sowing time. The result of mean comparison showed that the highest root diameter (9.33mm) and dry weight of root (2.56 g/p) were recorded for third density. In addition, the highest plant height (53.03 and 51.09 cm), lateral stem (21.94 and 21.79 N/P), number of nod (17.06 and 16.32) and shoot diameter (7.92 and 7.4 mm) were obtained at third and second densities. Plant density had no significant effect on dry shoot yield. The obtained results showed that morphological characteristics of Satureja hortensis were affected by agronomic treatments and growth performance may be enhanced by proper management.
S. Abdolah zareh; E. Fateh; A. Aynehband
Abstract
To study the effects of different sowing dates and different fertilizing methods (chemical &organic) on yield and amount of active substance of milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaerate), a field experiment was done at Agricultural College of Shahid Chamran University during 2009-2010. Experimental ...
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To study the effects of different sowing dates and different fertilizing methods (chemical &organic) on yield and amount of active substance of milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaerate), a field experiment was done at Agricultural College of Shahid Chamran University during 2009-2010. Experimental design was split plot on RCBD with three replications. Main plot was sowing dates including (14Nov, 1 Dec and 15 Dec) and sub plot was different fertilization levels including: F1: control, F2:100% chemical fertilizer (100-120-150 kg/ha NPK, respectively), F3: %25 organic fertilizer + %75 chemical fertilizer (75-90-112.5 kg/ha NPK + 7.5 ton/ha animal manure), F4: %50 organic fertilizer + %50 chemical Fertilizer (50-60-75 kg/ha NPK + 15 ton/ha animal manure), F5: %75 organic Fertilizer + %25 chemical fertilizer (25-30-37.5 kg/ha NPK + 22.5 ton/ha animal manure), F6: %100 organic fertilizer (30 ton/ha animal manure). Results showed that sowing date had significant effect on the percentage of phenol and flavenoid and the amount of silymarin. Late sowing date (15 dec) decreased grain silymarin content, while the highest percentage of phenol and flavenoid was obtained at 15 Dec. Also, the highest percentage of flavenoid, flavenoid yield and silymarin yield were obtained at 100% chemical fertilizer and integrated fertilizer. In this regard, F2 treatment had no advantage compared to integrated fertilization levels. Also, the highest percentage and yield of phenol was obtained by integrated fertilizer methods. The highest silymarin content was related to F6, and the highest grain antioxidant activity was related to F4 and F6, respectively.
M.T. Ebadi; M. Azizi; R. Omidbaigi; M. Hassanzadeh khayyat
Abstract
In order to study the effect of sowing date and harvest frequency on flower yield, essential oil percent and composition of chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) CV. Presov, prepared from Slovakia, an experiment was conducted. The experiment was split-plot method based on randomized complete block design ...
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In order to study the effect of sowing date and harvest frequency on flower yield, essential oil percent and composition of chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) CV. Presov, prepared from Slovakia, an experiment was conducted. The experiment was split-plot method based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Main plots consisted of three sowing dates (6th Nov, 5th Mar, and 4th Apr) and sub-plots included three harvest frequencies (first, second and third). Evaluated traits were dry flower yield, essential oil percentage and yield, yield of b-farnesene, a-bisabolol oxide B, a-bisabolol, chamazulene, a-bisabolol oxide A. The results showed that sowing date, harvest frequency and their interaction had significant effect on these parameters. Based on the results, the most dry flower yield (40 g/m2) was obtained from the second harvest of 6th November. Also the highest essential oil content (0.72 percent w/w), essential oil yield (0.26 g/m2) and a-bisabolol yield (0.2375 g/m2) were obtained from the second harvest of March and the most chamazulene yield (0.0473 g/m2) was obtained from the third harvest of March that it had a little difference with second harvest. According to the results, the best chamomile quality was attained in second harvest of March sowing date in Mashhad condition.
M.J. Seghatoleslami; Kh. Ahmadi Bonakdar
Abstract
In order to understand the effects of sowing dates and plant density on fenugreek (Trigonella foenum gracum L.), an experiment was conducted at Torbat-e-Jam region in 2005. Four sowing dates (28 February, 19 March, 9 April and 29 April) and four plant densities (10, 20, 30 and 40 plants/m2) were compared ...
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In order to understand the effects of sowing dates and plant density on fenugreek (Trigonella foenum gracum L.), an experiment was conducted at Torbat-e-Jam region in 2005. Four sowing dates (28 February, 19 March, 9 April and 29 April) and four plant densities (10, 20, 30 and 40 plants/m2) were compared in a split plot design based on randomized complete blocks with 4 replications. Sowing date had significant effects on seed yield and its components. The earliest and the latest sowing dates had the greatest and the lowest seed yield, respectively (88.34 and 22.3 g/m2). Also, these treatments had the greatest and the lowest 1000 seed weight (12.0 and 9.9 g) and pod number per plant (25.8 and 6.8). Harvest index was the lowest in the latest sowing date (29 April), because flowering and seed formation happened contemporary with high temperature. In addition, delay in sowing time reduced plant height, significantly. Plant density had significant effect on seed yield. Seed yield was the highest at 40 plants/m2. There was no significant interaction on different characters.
M.T. Ebadi; M. Azizi; R. Omidbaigi; M. Hassanzadeh Khayyat
Abstract
In this research, the effect of sowing date and seeding level on flower yield, essential oil and chamazulene content of chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) CV. Presov, purchased from Slovakia, was studied. The experimental was split-plot in the basic of randomized complete blocked design (RCBD) with three ...
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In this research, the effect of sowing date and seeding level on flower yield, essential oil and chamazulene content of chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) CV. Presov, purchased from Slovakia, was studied. The experimental was split-plot in the basic of randomized complete blocked design (RCBD) with three replications. Main plots consisted of three sowing dates (6 Nov., 5 Mar. and 4 Apr.) and sub-plots included three seeding levels (0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 g/m2). Evaluated traits were plant height, number of plants in plot, diameter of flower, fresh and dry flower yield, essential oil yield, essential oil and chamazulene percent. The results showed that sowing date had significant effect but seeding levels had only significant effect on number of plants in plot and essential oil yield. There are significant effects between sowing date and seeding level as measured traits are concerned. Based on the results, highest plant (47.4 cm), the most number of plants in plot (135.4 plants), the most fresh and dry flower yield (749.1 and 175.1 g/m2) were obtained from the plants which sown on 6 of Nov. but highest percentage of essential oil and chamazulene (0.59 and 5.62 percent respectively) and essential oil yield (0.79 g/m2) was obtained from the plants which sown on 5 of Mar. According to the results of their interaction, highest plant (49.7 cm), the most yield of wet and dry flower yield (810 and 198.2 g/m2) were obtained from the plots which sown on 6 of Nov. with 0.8 g/m2 but the most essential oil and chamazulene content (0.63 and 5.9 w/w percent respectively) and essential oil yield (0.97 g/m2) was obtained from the plots that were sown on 5 of Mar. with 0.4 g/m2. According to the results, the most suitable sowing date and seeding level in Mashhad condition is 5th Mar. with 0.4 g/m2 seeds.
E. Morteza; GH.A. Akbari; S.A.M Modares Sanavi; B. Foghi; M. Abdoli; H. Aliabadi Farahani
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of sowing date and planting density on the essential oil content and compositionof valerian, this experiment was conducted in the years of 2005-2006 at Experimental Farm in Abureyhan Campus, University of Tehran. This experiment performed in split plot form based on ...
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In order to investigate the effect of sowing date and planting density on the essential oil content and compositionof valerian, this experiment was conducted in the years of 2005-2006 at Experimental Farm in Abureyhan Campus, University of Tehran. This experiment performed in split plot form based on a complete randomized block design with four replications. The main factor was the sowing date with three levels (11th August, 1st and 22nd September), sub factor was the density with three levels (40000, 80000 and 120000 plants/ hectare). Seeds of valerian providedbyresearch departmenton medicinal plants in University of Shahid Beheshti. After isolating essential oil from dried roots by the hydrodistillation method, composition of essential oil were identified by gas chromatography (GC) and GC/Mass spectrometry analysis. Number of 87 composition were identified in essential oil. Bornyl acetate, valerenal, camphene and valeranone were the highest percentage in other compositions of essential oil. According to the results, sowing date and planting density had significant effect on essential oil percentage and its composition (bornyl acetate, valerenal, camphene and valeranone) (P≤0.01). Interaction of sowing date and planting density had significant effect only on essential oil percentage (P≤0.05). Final results showed that the highest amount of essential oil percentage and its composition (bornyl acetate, valerenal, camphene, and valeranone) was obtained on 22nd September and 40000 plants per hectare.
F. borna; R. Omidbaigi; F. Sefidkon
Volume 23, Issue 3 , November 2007, , Pages 307-314
Abstract
Due to study the effect of swoing dates on Dragonhead, this research trial was carried out on randomized complete block design with three replications. The effects of sowing dates on 6 of March, 19 of March, 4 of April, 20 of April, 5 of May, 21 of May, 5 of June and 21 of June were studied on growth ...
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Due to study the effect of swoing dates on Dragonhead, this research trial was carried out on randomized complete block design with three replications. The effects of sowing dates on 6 of March, 19 of March, 4 of April, 20 of April, 5 of May, 21 of May, 5 of June and 21 of June were studied on growth and herb yield of Dragonhead. The results showed that sowing dates has significant effect on growth and development of Dragonhead. The highest plant (82.5 Cm) and the largest number of branches per plant (18.14) was obtained from the plants which were sown on 19 of March and essential oil content (199.0 Kg/ha) was obtained from the plants which were sown on 4 of April. There was no significant effect among herb yield and essential oil percentage of different sowing dates. The highest essential oil content obtained from the plant were sown on 4 of April, therefore, sowing this plant is recommended.
R. Omidbaigi; K. Sadrai Menjili; F. Sefidkon
Abstract
To study the effect of sowing date on fennel CV. Soroksari, this research work was carried out on randomized complete block design with three replications. The effects of sowing dates of 6 of March, 20 of March, 4 of April, 19 of April, 5 of May, 21 of May, 5 of June and 21 of June, were studied on growth, ...
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To study the effect of sowing date on fennel CV. Soroksari, this research work was carried out on randomized complete block design with three replications. The effects of sowing dates of 6 of March, 20 of March, 4 of April, 19 of April, 5 of May, 21 of May, 5 of June and 21 of June, were studied on growth, development, seed yield and essential oil and anethole content of fennel CV. Soroksari. The results show that sowing dates hade significant effect on growth, development and quality and quantity of active substances of fennel. On the basis of the results the seeds were sown on 21 of May the seeds were germinated and developed faster. The highest plant (150.8 cm) and the largest number of branches per plant (10.1) was obtained from the plants were sown on 4 of April. There was no significant effect among 1000 seeds weight and essential oil content of different sowing dates. The largest seed yield (1864.3Kg/ha) and essential oil yield (91.3Kg/ha) was obtained from the seeds were sown on 4 of April. Anethole content were decreased from the plants were sown from 6 of March to 21 of June, the lowest amount (58.2%) was extracted from the plants were sown on 21 of June. According to the results of this resesrch trial the most suitable date for sowing of fennel cv. Soroksari is recommended 20 of March to 4 of April.
