Phytochemistry (extraction, identification and measurement of active components)
R. Mohtashami
Abstract
Water stress is one of the most important abiotic stresses limiting growth and plant yield under dryland conditions, which affects the morphological and physiological characteristics of plants. To evaluate morphological characteristics, yield, mucilage, and seed oil of Lallemantia iberica (M.B.) Fisch. ...
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Water stress is one of the most important abiotic stresses limiting growth and plant yield under dryland conditions, which affects the morphological and physiological characteristics of plants. To evaluate morphological characteristics, yield, mucilage, and seed oil of Lallemantia iberica (M.B.) Fisch. & C.A. Mey. ecotypes [Kerman (Kerman province), Naein (Isfahan province), Sanandaj (Kurdistan province), Mashhad (Razavi-Khorasan province), and Malekan (East-Azerbaijan province)] under dryland conditions, an experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with three replications in the medicinal plants research farm of Yasouj Agricultural Research Center and Natural Resources in the 2016-2017 crop year. The results showed that ecotype significantly affected morphological traits, seed yield, mucilage yield, and oil yield. The highest seed yield was obtained from Kurdistan (529 kg ha-1) and Mashhad (515 kg ha-1) ecotypes. The highest and lowest oil yield was related to Kurdistan (211 kg ha-1) and Kerman (189 kg ha-1) ecotypes, respectively. Mashhad (22.7 kg ha-1) and Malekan (18.2 kg ha-1) ecotypes had the highest and lowest seed mucilage yield, respectively. Although there was no significant difference between the oil and seed mucilage percentage of the ecotypes, the highest (41.3%) and lowest (39.9%) oil content was found in Kerman and Kurdistan ecotypes and the highest (4.4%) and lowest (3.7%) mucilage percentage belonged to Mashhad and Kurdistan ones, respectively. Overall, the results showed that Kurdistan and Mashhad ecotypes are suitable for cultivation under dryland conditions of Yasouj due to higher yield of seeds, mucilage, and seed oil.
Agriculture and horticulture
S. Alipour
Abstract
To investigate the effects of vermicompost and phosphate biofertilizer Barvar-2 on quantitative and qualitative yield of Silybum marianum L., a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in a field near Ardebil city in 2018-2019 crop year. Vermicompost ...
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To investigate the effects of vermicompost and phosphate biofertilizer Barvar-2 on quantitative and qualitative yield of Silybum marianum L., a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in a field near Ardebil city in 2018-2019 crop year. Vermicompost was used at five levels (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 ton.ha-1) and biofertilizer at two levels (inoculation and non-inoculation). The results showed that seed yield, 1000-seed weight, number of seeds per capitule, number of capitules per plant, biological yield, oil yield, silymarin yield, and flower fresh weight were significantly affected by different levels of vermicompost. Also, the application of phosphate biofertilizer Barvar-2 had a significant effect on all traits except inflorescence diameter. The highest amount of traits in the vermicompost treatment was obtained in the application of 40 tons.ha-1. However, there was no statistically significant difference for the traits including number of seeds per capitule, oil, silymarin, and silybin percentage, oil yield, and number of inflorescences in the application of 40 and 30 tons vermicompost per hectare. In biofertilizer treatment, the highest amount of traits was observed in inoculation with this fertilizer. The highest silybin percentage (16.81) and silymarin yield (37.61 kg.ha-1) were obtained in the application of 40 tons vermicompost per hectare and the lowest one (16.12% and 30.56 kg.ha-1, respectively) at the control level of vermicompost.
A. Alizadeh; A. Salahvarzian; A. Dowlatshah; H. Momivand; H. Eyni-Nargeseh
Abstract
Dog rose (Rosa canina L.) is one of the most valuable medicinal plants belonging to Rosaceae, which is distributed in different parts of Iran. In this study, the fruit of different populations of the species was collected from Khorramabad, Noorabad, Aleshtar, Dorud and Aligudarz cities of Lorestan province, ...
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Dog rose (Rosa canina L.) is one of the most valuable medicinal plants belonging to Rosaceae, which is distributed in different parts of Iran. In this study, the fruit of different populations of the species was collected from Khorramabad, Noorabad, Aleshtar, Dorud and Aligudarz cities of Lorestan province, and evaluated for morphological and phytochemical traits in a completely randomized design with six replications. The traits included the fresh weight of fruit, fresh and dry weight of flesh, seed weight per fruit, flesh width, the content of phenols and flavonoids, ascorbic acid content and oil percentage. The results of ANOVA indicated that all traits studied (except flesh width) were significantly affected by the region. According to the mean comparison results, Noorabad population had the highest amount of fruit dry weight (0.95 g), seed weight per fruit (1.11 g), fruit length (24.96 mm), flavonoids (22.18 and 16.29 µg routine/ mg dry extract, respectively in ethanolic and methanolic extracts) and phenols (50.81 and 25 µg gallic acid/ mg dry extract, respectively in ethanolic and methanolic extracts) content, and ascorbic acid (0.42) and oil (14.56) percentage. There was a positive and significant correlation between ascorbic acid and oil percentage with fruit dry weight and seed weight per fruit. Therefore, it can be concluded that the bigger fruits are probably more nutritious and more medicinal, and maybe, this correlation can be used for selective selection of superior dog rose ecotypes based on morphological traits. According to the results of the present research, Noorabad population can be recommended as the superior ecotype for future breeding programs of the species.
M. Nekookhoo; S. Fallah
Abstract
Hull-less seed pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) is an important medicinal plant and its seed and byproducts are used in the treatment of many diseases. Production of this plant uses a lot of water and nitrogen. Plastic mulch application may reduce the water and nitrogen requirements. Therefore, an experiment ...
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Hull-less seed pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) is an important medicinal plant and its seed and byproducts are used in the treatment of many diseases. Production of this plant uses a lot of water and nitrogen. Plastic mulch application may reduce the water and nitrogen requirements. Therefore, an experiment was conducted with the aim of evaluation of deficit irrigation and nitrogen effects on fruit, seed, and oil yield of hull-less seed pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) under plastic mulch in 2016. A split plot layout in a randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Main plots included complete irrigation under plastic mulch, moderate stress (75% of complete irrigation under plastic mulch), severe stress (50% of complete irrigation under plastic mulch), normal irrigation without plastic mulch and sub-plots consisted of complete nitrogen requirement, 80% of the full nitrogen requirement and 60% of the full nitrogen requirement. The results showed that there were no significant differences between moderate stress (75% complete irrigation under plastic mulch) and normal irrigation without mulch for fruit, grain and oil yield. However, under moderate stress, the plastic mulch reduced water and nitrogen requirements by 25 and 20%, respectively and produced a grain yield and oil yield similar to complete irrigation. Therefore, this technique can be used for water conservation and sustainability of agricultural production systems in arid and semi-arid areas.
B. Omrani; S. Fallah
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on yield attributes and quality of purslane crop, an experiment was conducted at the research farm of Shahrekord University in 2014. Different fertilizer treatments were consisted of 13 ton ha-1 broiler litter (BLn), 14.4 ...
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In order to evaluate the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on yield attributes and quality of purslane crop, an experiment was conducted at the research farm of Shahrekord University in 2014. Different fertilizer treatments were consisted of 13 ton ha-1 broiler litter (BLn), 14.4 ton ha-1 broiler litter (BLp), 39 ton ha-1 cattle manure (CMn), 16.87 ton ha-1 + cattle manure + 150 kg ha-1 urea (CMp+U), four chemical fertilizer (CF) levels equivalent to organic manure treatments, 260+86 kg ha-1 Urea +TSP CF (BLn), respectively, 287+100 kg ha-1 Urea +TSP, respectively CF (BLp), 260+200 kg ha-1 Urea +TSP , respectively CF (CMn), 260+100 kg ha-1 Urea +TSP , respectively CF (CMp + U) and control (C). The results indicated that there were no significant differences in plant height of CF (BLn) (55.43 cm) with chemical treatments (CF (BLp), CF (CMn), and organic treatments (BLp and BLn). No significant difference was found for the number of seed per capsule between BLp and BLn treatments (180.48 and 167.78 seed, respectively). The 1000-seed weight in treatments BLp, BLn, and CMn (0.44, 0.43, and 0.42 g, respectively) showed no significant difference. The 1000-seed weight of CMn, CF (BLn), and CMp + U treatments showed no significant difference as well. The seed yield, oil content, and oil yield of BLp treatment were significantly greater than that of control and other plots treated with manure. The amount of omega 3 in the BLp and BLn treatments was 85% and 79% higher as compared with the control (no fertilizer). Overall, the application of broiler litter could be effective in increasing the quality of the oil of this medicinal plant in addition to a significant increase in grain yield of purslane.
R. Sharifpoor; A. Jafari; H. Jhanbazi Gojani
Abstract
Heart disease and cancer preventive effects of nut kernels are a well-known feature of the Persian diet. We hypothesized that the quality and quantity of mountain almond (Amygdalus Arabica Olivier) oil in Zagros forests changes as the mother tree locations varies on different aspects. In the current ...
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Heart disease and cancer preventive effects of nut kernels are a well-known feature of the Persian diet. We hypothesized that the quality and quantity of mountain almond (Amygdalus Arabica Olivier) oil in Zagros forests changes as the mother tree locations varies on different aspects. In the current study, sampling was carried out on five healthy trees at each 5 different crown diameter classes from 0.5 to 4 meter were selected with 0.5-meter interval. The trees distribution was uniform over two distinct Northern and Southern aspects. For each tree, 10g nut kernel was sampled in laboratory. Macro elements and fatty acid contents were evaluated after a Soxhlet extraction on each kernel meal. Data were analyzed in Excel and SAS software package. The oil concentration was significantly higher in kernels coming from Southern slopes; in average, 15.76% against 14.84% of those from Northern slopes. The maximum (18.94%) and minimum (10.94%) oil contents were belonged to the trees with a crown diameter of 4 and 2, respectively. The highest potassium, phosphorus, and nitrogen contents were detected in kernels collected on Southern slopes. However, the highest content of calcium in kernels was obtained from Northern slopes.
M. Abdolahi; S. Maleki Farahani
Abstract
Irrigation treatments were applied at two levels of 40% and 60% available soil water (ASW) depletion on Mashhad and Urmia ecotypes of two Lallemantia speciesincluding L. iberica Fisch. & C.A.Mey. and L. royleana. (Benth.) Benth. Increased available soil water depletion caused an increased seed mucilage ...
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Irrigation treatments were applied at two levels of 40% and 60% available soil water (ASW) depletion on Mashhad and Urmia ecotypes of two Lallemantia speciesincluding L. iberica Fisch. & C.A.Mey. and L. royleana. (Benth.) Benth. Increased available soil water depletion caused an increased seed mucilage percentage. The highest percentage of seed mucilage was obtained in 60% ASW depletion, L. royleana, and ecotype of Mashhad. The highest (11.22kg/ha) and lowest (6.25kg/ha) seed mucilage yield was obtained in 40% and 60% ASW depletion, respectively. In L. iberica, seed mucilage yield of Mashhad ecotype was 34.04 kg/ha higher as compared to Urmia ecotype. By increasing available soil water depletion, seed protein content decreased to 7.30% in L. iberica; however, it remained unchanged in L. royleana. Oil content was not affected by irrigation treatments. Oil yield of Mashhad ecotype of L. iberica was 41.5% higher as compared with Urmia ecotype. The highest grain yield (208.4kg/ha) was obtained at 40% available soil water depletion. The grain yield at 60% available soil water depletion (107.3kg/ha) decreased to 43.84% as compared to 40% available soil water depletion. Contrary to L. iberica, significant differences were observed among the ecotypes of L. royleana in terms of grain yield. In general, under deficit irrigation, seed mucilage percentage of balangu increased, however, the protein percentage decreased.
A. Salehi; S. Fallah; A. Abasi; R. Iranipour; M. Heidari
Abstract
One of the aspects of the production of medicinal plants is lower consumption of chemical inputs which could be effective in protecting the environment in addition to maintaining or improving product quality. Therefore,this study was conducted in order to investigate the effect of integrated management ...
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One of the aspects of the production of medicinal plants is lower consumption of chemical inputs which could be effective in protecting the environment in addition to maintaining or improving product quality. Therefore,this study was conducted in order to investigate the effect of integrated management of organic and chemical fertilizers on yield and qualitative characteristics in black cumin (Nigella sativa L.). This experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with nine treatments and three replications at the Shahrekord University in 2012. The treatments consisted of control (no amended nitrogen), cattle manure, urea, three levels of split integrated fertilizer ( cattle manure + urea, cattle manure + cattle manure + urea), and three levels of full integrated fertilizer ( cattle manure + urea, cattle manure + cattle manure + urea). Results indicated that the application of N-fertilizer caused significant increase in oil, protein and essence contents and their production in black cumin (p< 0.01). Integrated application of organic manure + chemical fertilizer produced higher amount of oil, essence and protein in comparison with solitary application (p< 0.01). The full dose application of urea fertilizer (FDA) significantly enhanced the content and production of oil (322 g kg -1 and 674 kg ha-1, respectively), protein (248 gkg-1 and 595 kg ha-1, respectively), essence (3.1 gkg-1 and 7.2 kgha-1, respectively) in comparison with split application. In conclusion, the full dose application of urea fertilizer (FDA) in integration with organic manure could enhance the quality of black cumin seed.
R. Omidbaigi; A. Alirezalu
Volume 26, Issue 4 , February 2011, , Pages 521-530
Abstract
Castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) is one of the most important medicinal plants used in pharmaceutical, cosmetics and hygienic industries in many developed countries. Oil obtained from plant's seeds is of the most valuable aperients in medicine. The purpose of this research was determining the effects ...
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Castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) is one of the most important medicinal plants used in pharmaceutical, cosmetics and hygienic industries in many developed countries. Oil obtained from plant's seeds is of the most valuable aperients in medicine. The purpose of this research was determining the effects of climatic factors (seven different locations) on oil content and fatty acids composition of castor bean plant and increasing quantity and quality of oil. The results showed that climatic factors had significant effects on oil content and fatty acids composition and there were significant differences among the different climates (P<0.01). The highest oil content was reported from West of Tehran (52%) and Marand (51%) regions. Based on the results of fatty acid analysis by Gas Chromatography (GC), eight major fatty acids were observed in castor oil. Ricinoleic acid (18:1 Δ9c-12OH) was known as the major oil fatty acid in Castor bean. The highest Ricinoleic acid was reported from Urmia region (88.94 percent) and the lowest Ricinoleic acid was recorded from Shabestar region (85.72 percent). Other fatty acids identified from various regions including linoleic acid (2.25 to 4.73 percent), palmitic acid (0.9 to 2.13 percent), oleic acid (3.05 to 4.22 percent), stearic acid (0.55 to 1.54 percent), linolenic acid (1.35 to 2.88 percent), dihydroxystearic acid (0.51 to 0.85 percent) and eicosanoic acid (0.86 percent).
M. Ranjzad; M. Khayyami; R. Heydari; A. Asadi
Volume 24, Issue 3 , November 2008, , Pages 313-325
Abstract
In this study (Linum usitatissimum L.) grain samples that were collected from Khalkhal, Meshkin Shahr, Baft, Mashiz, Kerman and Urmia, were selected from Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of West Azarbaijan. Grains were grown in research farm of this center. Important characteristics ...
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In this study (Linum usitatissimum L.) grain samples that were collected from Khalkhal, Meshkin Shahr, Baft, Mashiz, Kerman and Urmia, were selected from Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of West Azarbaijan. Grains were grown in research farm of this center. Important characteristics of this oil and medical seed including: lenght of main and secondary stems, numbers of capsules, 1000 seeds weight, grain yield, oil content and etc, were selected and measured in three replications. Oil content was measured using Leiboritz method. The amounts of main five fatty acids namely; Palmitic, Stearic, Oleic, Linoleic and Linolenic acid were detected and measured by GC. Data were analysed by Excel and SPSS software. There were significant difference among some characteristics such as numbers of capsules and oil content at 1% level of significance. Oil content had positive significant correlation with 1000 seeds weight at 1% level of significance. This study indicated that Meshkin Shahr cultivar had the highest amounts of grain yield and oil content and therefore had the much amounts of omega 3 fatty acid. This sample was suitable for cultivation in North-western parts of our country.
A. Akbarinia; J. Daneshian; F. Mohmmadbiegi
Volume 22, Issue 4 , February 2007, , Pages 410-419
Abstract
In order to study the effect of nitrogen levels and plant density on seed yield, essential oil and oil content of Coriander seeds, an experiment was conducted in agricultural station of Qazvin and natural resources research center in 2005. The experiment was laid out by adopting split plot design with ...
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In order to study the effect of nitrogen levels and plant density on seed yield, essential oil and oil content of Coriander seeds, an experiment was conducted in agricultural station of Qazvin and natural resources research center in 2005. The experiment was laid out by adopting split plot design with four replications, main plots were nitrogen: 30, 60 and 90 kg/ha and subplots were plant density including: 20, 30, 40 and 50 plant/m2. Seed yield, essential oil, oil content and yield were determined. Results showed nitrogen and plant density effected on Seed yield, essential oil, fatty acids. With increasing of nitrogen to 60 kg/ha, there was a significant increase in seed yield. The seed yield was decreased with more nitrogen. But the highest essential oil content and fatty acids were obtained with 90 kg nitrogen /ha. With increasing of plant density, seed yield and oil content had a significant decrease. Seed yield and oil content were higher in 30 plant/m2, while essential oil was higher in 40 plant/m2 that there was no difference with 30 plant/m2 in this respect. Comparing of treatments showed that the highest seed yield and essential oil yield were obtained by using 60 kg nitrogen/ha while there was the highest essential oil content, content and yield of oil with the application of 90kg nitrogen/ha with 30 plant/m2.
