M.A. Shahraki; A. Emamjomeh; M. Valizadeh; L. Fahmideh
Abstract
Cynara scolymus L. is an economically valuable medicinal plant, but salinity can limit the regions under cultivation of this crop. Therefore, identifying the appropriate tissue culture method for this plant can be useful for selecting salinity tolerant cultivars. This research was carried out with the ...
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Cynara scolymus L. is an economically valuable medicinal plant, but salinity can limit the regions under cultivation of this crop. Therefore, identifying the appropriate tissue culture method for this plant can be useful for selecting salinity tolerant cultivars. This research was carried out with the aim of identifying the appropriate explant and method for tissue culture of this plant as the first step to produce tolerant cultivars in future projects. In this study, firstly, sterile seedlings of plant seeds were prepared. Then, the terminal meristem was selected as a suitable explant during a pre-test and evaluated in vitro to study salinity tolerance with five different concentrations of sodium chloride (0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 mM) in a completely randomized design with three replications. This research was performed in the medicinal plants research center of Sistan and Baluchistan University in 2017. Salinity reduced some morphological traits (stem length, root length, shoot and root fresh and dry weight) of seedlings grown from terminal meristem explant. As the concentration of sodium chloride increased to 60 and 80 mM, the amount of soluble sugars and proline increased. The lowest amount of soluble sugars (33 mg g-1 dry weight) and proline (50 µM) was related to zero and 20 mM sodium chloride concentrations, respectively. The results indicate that this plant is sensitive to different levels of salinity, although it is somewhat tolerant to low and moderate levels of salinity.
M. Movahedi; V. Ghasemiomran; S. Torabi
Abstract
The present study was carried out to investigate the possibility of micro-propagation and to determine the optimal medium composition and combination of Cannabis sativa L. growth regulators under in vitro conditions. Seeds were surface-sterilized and then cultured on MS basal medium. One month later, ...
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The present study was carried out to investigate the possibility of micro-propagation and to determine the optimal medium composition and combination of Cannabis sativa L. growth regulators under in vitro conditions. Seeds were surface-sterilized and then cultured on MS basal medium. One month later, leaf and hypocotyl explants, obtained from the seedlings grown at in vitro condition, were used in MS culture medium containing NAA hormone (0.5, 1, 2 and 3 mg/l) either alone or in combination with 0.5mg/l BA; and 2,4-D (0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 1 mg/l) alone or in combination with 0.5mg/l BA. Callus formation was the response of explants in most media. Direct shoot regeneration from explants was not observed but shoot induction from callus was seen only in 0.1 mg/L 2,4-D+ 0.5 mg/L BA. The highest volume of induced callus was formed on MS medium 0.1 mg/L 2,4-D+ 0.5 mg/L BA using leaf as explant. Root induction from some explants was observed in different treatments. The highest fresh weight of calli belonged to the leaf explant cultured on MS medium containing 1 mg/L 2,4-D+ 0.5 mg/L BA. Callus induction and rooting occurred easily and the explants did not respond well to regeneration.
I. Bernousi; M. Jafari; J. Ahmadi Dizaji
Abstract
This research was aimed to investigate the effect of two infection methods (immersion and spray) and two Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains (strain A13 and GMI9534) to induce hairy roots on different explants (hypocotyl, cotyledon, leaf, and stem node) of Teucrium chamaedrys. Strain GMI9534 could not induce ...
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This research was aimed to investigate the effect of two infection methods (immersion and spray) and two Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains (strain A13 and GMI9534) to induce hairy roots on different explants (hypocotyl, cotyledon, leaf, and stem node) of Teucrium chamaedrys. Strain GMI9534 could not induce hairy roots in any of the explants, whereas strain A13 was only able to induce hairy roots in leaf and stem node explants. Infection by immersion method was more successful, with higher root induction efficiency (more than 73.3%), and leaf explants showed the highest induction frequency (83.3%). The transformed hairy root lines were confirmed by PCR using rolA and rolB gene-specific primers. Significant differences were shown among the 20 independent hairy root lines cultured on growth regulator-free MS solid medium for total root length and for the root branching. These variables were stable across subcultures and hence seven independent hairy root lines were selected based on these growth properties. Subsequently, the cultures for these hairy root lines were established in half-strength MS liquid medium to monitor their biomass production during a 90-day culture period. Considerable variations were observed in growth capacity among the lines. Line TC-HR-16 produced the highest fresh biomass (9100 mg/30 ml culture medium), a 455-fold increase over initial inoculum, during the 10-weeks culture period. The best-characterized hairy root lines, resulted in this study, can be used to improve the production of secondary metabolites of pharmaceutical values of T. chamaedrys.
F. Montazeri; M. Omidi; N. Imani
Abstract
Ferula gummosa Boiss. is an endangered plant species of the family Apiaceae and endemic to Iran whose mass production is exposed to serious problems due to being monocarpic and prolonged seed dormancy. The first step to improve this precious medicinal, industrial and economic plant is ability in production ...
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Ferula gummosa Boiss. is an endangered plant species of the family Apiaceae and endemic to Iran whose mass production is exposed to serious problems due to being monocarpic and prolonged seed dormancy. The first step to improve this precious medicinal, industrial and economic plant is ability in production of numerous sterile plantlets in order to prepare explants of appropriate vigour. In this survey, in vitro culture of galbanum was performed in MS 1/4 medium by a factorial trial in the form of completely random design including A factor in 2 levels (embryo culture horizontally; and vertically so that half part of the embryo is inside the medium and cotyledons stand upward) and B in 4 levels (containing 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 g/L char-coal) in 3 repeats. Several growth traits were measured during 5 weeks. Seed culture was also studied in 4 medium including distilled water, solid MS 1/4, soil and moist filter paper. Embryo culture ways were resulted in vigorous and numerous plantlets in shorter time, in comparison with seed germination ways. Finally the best option was vertically culture of embryo in MS 1/4 medium containing 0.5 g/L char-coal. Obviously this method will provide the plant with a very similar condition to growth in natural environment.
