Biological effects of essential oils and extracts
Z. Ahmadi; D. Khademi Shurmasti
Abstract
Today, the tendency has increased to the use of bio-preservatives, including plant extracts, as an alternative to synthetic antioxidants and antimicrobials. On the other hand, the addition of lipids, such as oleic acid to biopolymers in active packaging reduces their permeability to water vapor. To investigate ...
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Today, the tendency has increased to the use of bio-preservatives, including plant extracts, as an alternative to synthetic antioxidants and antimicrobials. On the other hand, the addition of lipids, such as oleic acid to biopolymers in active packaging reduces their permeability to water vapor. To investigate the antioxidant and antimicrobial effect of Mentha spicataL. extract in bio-composite carboxymethyl cellulose-based coating on the shelf life of common carp fillets in cold conditions, an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with six treatments including carboxymethyl cellulose coating (CMS, 2.5%), CMS combined with oleic acid (OA, 1.5%), CMS combined with OA and enriched with 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2% Mentha spicataextract, and three replications for 9 days. The results showed that OA improved the protective effect of CMS. The use of Mentha spicata extract in the bio-composite coating, especially at the highest concentrations, significantly (p < /em> <0.05) reduced the number of psychrotrophic bacteria, the index of thiobarbituric acid, free fatty acids, total volatile nitrogen compounds, and pH of common carp fillets during cold storage. The antioxidant and antimicrobial effect of Mentha spicataextract was dose-dependent. Therefore, Mentha spicata extract, with its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties in combination with the composite coating of CMS-OA, can be used as a bio-preservative in active packaging, to maintain quality and increase the shelf life of fish fillets during short-term storage in refrigeration.
A. Nasrollahi; I. Alahdadi; M. Ghorbani Javid; M.S. Hoseinifard
Abstract
linoleic acid, oleic acid, planting date, seed filling stage, oil yield. fatty acid composition of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo convar. pepo var. styriaca), a split plot experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications during 2013-2014. Three planting dates (21 April, ...
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linoleic acid, oleic acid, planting date, seed filling stage, oil yield. fatty acid composition of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo convar. pepo var. styriaca), a split plot experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications during 2013-2014. Three planting dates (21 April, 22 May, 22 June) as the main factor and application of methanol (30% V/V) in four levels (control, pre-production phase, post-production phase, seed filling stage) were studied as the sub factor. Results showed that the interaction effect of planting date and application of methanol on seed yield in fruit, seed dry weight, 1000-seed weight, fruit yield, oil percentage and fatty acids compositions were significant at 1% probability level. The highest seed yield, seed dry weight, fruit yield, and oil content were obtained in the methanol foliar application in the pre-production phase in June 22. The highest 1000-seed weight (1155.6 g) was belonged to the methanol foliar application in the post-production phase in June 22. The foliar application treatments in seed filling stage in June 22 and control treatment also in May 22 showed the highest amount of oleic acid. The highest amount of linoleic (43.36%), linolenic (1.86%), and palmitic (21.20%) acids was obtained under methanol foliar application in the post-production phase in May 22, June 22 and April 21, respectively. The control treatment showed the highest amount of stearic acid (11.5٪) in the first planting date (April 21). Finally, the planting date of medicinal pumpkin in June 22 with foliar application of methanol in the pre-production phase in order to increasing of yield, and foliar application in the post-production phase to improve the qualitative traits of oil are recommended.
M. Mahmoodi Sourestani; M. Derikvandi; M. Chehrazi; A.A. Jafari
Abstract
In order to evaluate the compatibility of some borage (Borago officinalis L.) populations and cultivars to Ahvaz weather condition, an experiment was carried out based on a randomized complete block design with eight treatments and three replications. The treatments were six populations (Ahvaz, ...
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In order to evaluate the compatibility of some borage (Borago officinalis L.) populations and cultivars to Ahvaz weather condition, an experiment was carried out based on a randomized complete block design with eight treatments and three replications. The treatments were six populations (Ahvaz, Mashad, Andimeshk, Ghazvin, Esfehan and Mazandaran) and two cultivars (F1 and F2). Plant height, number of branches, leaf number, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of plants were measured at the full flowering stage. The one-thousand seed weight, seed and biological yields were measured at the end of the growing period. The seed oil was extracted by Soxhelt system and analyzed by gas chromatoghraphy (GC). Results showed that there was a significant difference between populations and cultivars for all morphological traits (p≥0.01). The highest and lowest amounts of leaf number, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of plant, biological yield, and oil content were obtained in F1 and Esfehan population, respectively. Palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, α-linolenic,γ-linolenic, arachidonic and erucicacids were detected in all populations and cultivars. The highest (43.41%) and lowest (17.21%) amounts of linoleic acid were observed in Andimeshk and Mashad, respectively. Mashad population had the maximum amount (60.54%) of oleic acid. The lowest amount of oleic acid (18.49%) was recorded in Andimeshk. The highest (15.25%) and lowest (7.96%) amounts of γ-linolenic acid were observed in F1 and Mashad, respectively. Mazandaran and Mashad populations had the maximum and minimum amounts of α-linolenic acid. The highest amount of palmitic and stearic acids was observed in Esfahan and Mazandaran populations, respectively. Mashad had the lowest amount of palmitic and stearic acids. According to the obtained results, further researches are recommended to increase the F1 cultivation inside Khuzestan province.
J. Asghari; H.R. Sadeghipour; S.Kh. Hashemi Dost; M. Mazaheri Tehrani
Abstract
Oak acorn is an edible nut with a long history in human nutrition. In this study, the kernel fatty acid composition and tannin contents of chestnut leaved oak (Quercus castaneifolia C.A. Mey.) was investigated in Alangdarreh forest in Golestan province. Oil extraction from kernel was carried out by Soxhelt ...
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Oak acorn is an edible nut with a long history in human nutrition. In this study, the kernel fatty acid composition and tannin contents of chestnut leaved oak (Quercus castaneifolia C.A. Mey.) was investigated in Alangdarreh forest in Golestan province. Oil extraction from kernel was carried out by Soxhelt apparatus using n-hexane as solvent. Fatty acids were methyl esterified before quantitative and qualitative gas chromatography analysis. The results revealed the presence of saturated fatty acids including palmitic acid (C16:0), margaric acid (C17:0), stearic acid (C18:0) and unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2), linolenic acid (C18:3) and gadoleic acid (C20:1). The net yield of extraction for oil was 7.49%, constituting 81.13% unsaturated and 18.87% saturated fatty acids. The three major identified fatty acids and their respective relative amounts were linoleic acid (49.57 mg.g-1 oil), oleic acid (34.74 mg.g-1 oil) and palmitic acid (20.58 mg.g-1 oil). Tannin extraction was carried out by water as solvent. The total tannin content of acorn was determined using gallic acid as standard spectrophotometrically. Results showed that the total tannin content of acorn was equivalent to about 178.13 mg galic acid.g-1 dry weight and the total oil content of acorn was 1.49 mg. 20 g-1 dry weights.
K. Jaimand; M.B. Rezaee; F. Sefidkon; M. Naderi; H. Keneshloo; M.Y. Achak; M. Farahpour; Sh. Karimi
Abstract
Moringa peregrine (Forssk.) Fiori is one of the species growing in tropical and desert areas and is distributed in the southeastern of the country in Hormozghan and Sistan and Balochestan provinces. Moringa peregrine is a desert shrub that can grow in areas with little rainfall, andit has a great nutritional, ...
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Moringa peregrine (Forssk.) Fiori is one of the species growing in tropical and desert areas and is distributed in the southeastern of the country in Hormozghan and Sistan and Balochestan provinces. Moringa peregrine is a desert shrub that can grow in areas with little rainfall, andit has a great nutritional, pharmaceutical, environmental, industrial and economic values. This research was aimed to determination of fatty acids in Moringa peregrina seed oil from different locations in Sistan and Balochestan province in 2009. Five samples were collected from five natural research stations. The oil content was determined by the Soxhlet method. The oil content obtained from Tong Fonoj, Keneshky, Bent, Begaband, and Dorahy Chanf sations were measured to be 54.6%, 50.4%, 52.4%, 53.2%, and 53.6% respectively. According to the obtained results, fatty acids content varied as follows: oleic acid (71.5-74%), palmitic acid (12.6-14.7%), Iso-oleic acid (3.6-4.5%), palmitoleic acid (3.3-4.7%), stearic acid (1.9-2.4%), Behenic acid (0.9-1.5%), gadoleic acid (0.4-10.9%) and Arachidonic acid (0.4-1.3%). Over 90 percent of the oil consumed in the country is imported from abroad. Our results clearly indicate that due to the amount of fatty acids in Moringa peregrina seeds, this plant can be considered as a new source for the production of vegetable oil and widespread food consumption.
