Improvement and breeding
F. Mohammadi Dolatabad; M. Sanikhani; M. Yaghoobi; A. Kheyri
Abstract
Background and objectives: Punica granatum L. var. pleniflora is an ornamental/medicinal shrub native to Iran. Gulnar extract, like morphine, reduces pain in patients. It is also used against various diseases such as prostate cancer and breast cancer due to triterpenoids. ...
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Background and objectives: Punica granatum L. var. pleniflora is an ornamental/medicinal shrub native to Iran. Gulnar extract, like morphine, reduces pain in patients. It is also used against various diseases such as prostate cancer and breast cancer due to triterpenoids. In traditional medicine, it has been applied to cure diarrhea, bleeding, mucous secretions, and vaginal secretions. In external use, it has been used as a gargle to cure tonsillitis. Atherosclerosis is one of the most dangerous factors in cardiovascular disease. Due to antioxidant compounds, Gulnar reduces artery-clogging by almost 70%. Therefore, it is critical to enhance Persian Gulnar growth and flowering, a natural source of antioxidants.Methodology: To investigate the effect of the amino acids tryptophan, phenylalanine, and methionine on the morphophysiological and phytochemical characteristics of the Persian Gulanar, an experiment was conducted in the research greenhouse of Zanjan University in a completely randomized design including ten treatments in three replications and 3 pots for each experimental unit in the research greenhouse, Faculty of Agriculture of Zanjan University. Different levels of treatment included methionine 0.5, 1, 2 mM, phenylalanine 0.5, 1, 2 mM, tryptophan 0.5, 1, 2 mM. The extraction conditions were optimized for total phenol, total flavonoid, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial activity tests. To extract and optimize the extraction using a dry flower sample, an ultrasonic device was used and an experiment was designed to determine the appropriate solvent, temperature, and duration of extraction, as well as to determine the optimal ratio of plant dry matter to solvent, and a comparison was made between two water solvents and alcohol at temperatures of 30-50-70 degrees Celsius and different amounts of plants 0.2, 0.35, and 0.5 grams per ten milliliters of solvent and durations of 5, 15, 25 minutes. Based on these cases, the initial tests by recommended software. To investigate the antimicrobial activity of the flower extract and Persian Gulnar's red color, a good penetration method was used. Plates containing a solid culture medium of Mueller Hinton agar were used in this method.Results: The treatments significantly affected the dry weight of flowers and flavonoids at a 5% probability level. In addition, they affected the number of flowers, anthocyanin content, antioxidant activity (FRAP), and chlorophyll b at a 1% probability level. The flower dry weight increased by 97.09% in the presence of 2 mM tryptophan compared to the control. The most anthocyanin was observed with an increase of 56.05 and 50% in the concentration of 0.5 mM phenylalanine compared to the control. The highest amount of antioxidant activity (FRAP) was obtained with a 110% increase compared to the control at a concentration of 2 mM tryptophan. The highest flower number was at 1 mM phenylalanine and 2 mM methionine. The most positive correlation (*r=0.68) was between flower dry weight and branch growth, and the most negative correlation (*r=0.80) was between chlorophyll b and anthocyanin. There was a significant positive correlation between chlorophyll a and total flavonoids, chlorophyll b, and branch growth. Also, there was a significant positive relationship between the number of flowers with anthocyanin and total phenol. The best extraction point was related to the temperature of 70 ºC, 70% ethanol solvent, 15 minutes, and the ratio of plant dry matter to solvent was 0.2 grams of dry weight in 10 ml of solvent. The red flowers showed a higher inhibitory effect against Escherichia coli, and the variegated flowers had a higher inhibitory power against Staphylococcus aureus.Conclusion: According to the results, in addition to confirming Gulnar's antibacterial activity and determining the optimal extraction point, it was found that the levels of 0.5 mM amino acids in most of the traits, including branch growth, flower dry weight, total phenol, and anthocyanin brought the best results from the treatment. It also justifies them in the field. Since amino acid fertilizers are applied in small amounts, they are economically justified.
Improvement and breeding
Shamila Yadollahizadeh; Farzin Abdollahi; Alireza Yavari; Leila Jafari
Abstract
Light is one of the environmental factors influencing the growth and development of plants. In recent years, the attention of agricultural experts has been directed to plant growth regulators in order to improve the quality and stability of the cultivation system. The current research was carried out ...
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Light is one of the environmental factors influencing the growth and development of plants. In recent years, the attention of agricultural experts has been directed to plant growth regulators in order to improve the quality and stability of the cultivation system. The current research was carried out in the year 2021 in the greenhouse of Shahid Fozveh Biological Research Center in a factorial format in the form of a completely randomized design in 5 replications. For this purpose, the effect of test factors including four concentrations of abscisic acid (0, 5, 10 and 20 mg/liter) and 5 day lengths (16, 14, 12, 10 and 8 hours of light) on the growth characteristics and content of photosynthetic pigments. The cannabis plant was evaluated. The results showed that the highest plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, root length, fresh and dry weight of roots, fresh and dry weight of aerial parts and fresh and dry weight of leaves were obtained under the lighting duration of 14 hours, while the lowest amount of this the traits were observed during the lighting period of 16 hours. Also, the highest amounts of chlorophyll a, b, total and carotenoid were obtained in the treatment of 16 hours of light duration without the use of abscisic acid hormone. While the highest amount of anthocyanin was observed in the treatment of 16 hours of light duration under the treatment of abscisic acid hormone with concentrations of 10 and 20 ppm. Also, the highest amount of total phenol was obtained during the lighting period of 16 hours under the treatment of abscisic acid with a concentration of 20 ppm. Considering the importance and many uses of secondary metabolites in today's human life, investigating the existence of a relationship between environmental conditions and the production and accumulation of secondary metabolites in plants can be very useful. Therefore, it is recommended to use LED light with lighting durations of 14 and 16 hours to increase the growth characteristics and content of photosynthetic pigments of hemp plant.
Phytochemistry (extraction, identification and measurement of active components)
M. Afshin; M. Sharifi-Rad; S. Saeidi
Abstract
Background and objectives: The amount of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants are changed during different stages of plant growth, so in order to determine the best time to harvest each medicinal herb, it is necessary to determine the amount of active substances and their biological activities in ...
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Background and objectives: The amount of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants are changed during different stages of plant growth, so in order to determine the best time to harvest each medicinal herb, it is necessary to determine the amount of active substances and their biological activities in different phenological stages. Tanacetum parthenium L. is one of the important species of chicory genus that has many medicinal properties. This study investigated the content of total phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and anthocyanins and the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of Tanacetum parthenium L. aerial parts and root ethanolic extracts at different phenological stages (vegetative, flowering, and seeding).Methodology: For this purpose, total phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and anthocyanins were measured spectrophotometrically in the aerial parts and root ethanolic extracts of T. parthenium. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was measured using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and antibacterial activity was evaluated against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium) by disk diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) methods.Results: The maximum levels of total phenol (62.3 ± 1.2 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g dry weight), flavonoids (35.7 ± 0.9 mg quercetin equivalents (QE).g-1 dry weight), alkaloids (73.2 ± 0.6 mg atropine equivalent.g-1 dry weight) and total anthocyanin (4.2 ± 0.3 mg cyaniding-3glicoside equivalents.g-1 dry weight) were measured in the shoot extract of the studied species at the flowering stage. Results of the antioxidant activity evaluation showed that the shoot extract at the flowering stage had the highest antioxidant activity (75.3 ± 0.7 %). The lowest antioxidant activity (16.5 ± 0.9 %) was measured for the root extract at the vegetative stage. According to the antibacterial investigation, the maximum inhibition zone (21 ± 0.3 mm) was observed for the shoot extract at the flowering stage against Staphylococcus aureus. The minimum inhibitory concentration (12.5 mg.mL-1) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (25 mg.mL-1) were recorded for shoot extracts at vegetative and flowering stages against the abovementioned bacteria. Based on the results, the studied species' extracts were more effective against gram-positive than gram-negative bacteria.Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that the flowering stage extract of T. parthenium had considerable phytochemical compounds with appropriate antioxidant and antibacterial properties. It can be used as a source of natural antioxidants and antibiotic agents.
Sh. Mashayekhi; A. Abdali Mshhadi; A. Bakhshandeh; A. Lotfi Jalal-Abadi; S.M. Seyyednejad
Abstract
Foliar spray of chemical and organic compounds can affect the quantitative and qualitative yield of important medicinal plants such as German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.). In order to investigate the effect of salicylic (control, 200, 400 and 600 μM) and humic (control, 200, 400 and 600 mg ...
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Foliar spray of chemical and organic compounds can affect the quantitative and qualitative yield of important medicinal plants such as German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.). In order to investigate the effect of salicylic (control, 200, 400 and 600 μM) and humic (control, 200, 400 and 600 mg l-1) acids foliar spray on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of German chamomile, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the research farm of Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University in 2015. The results showed that the highest number of flowers per plant was observed in 600 μM salicylic (91) and 600 mg l-1 humic (96) acids treatments. The highest fresh flower yield (1014 g m-2) was obtained from salicylic acid (400 μM) × humic acid (600 mg l-1), which was 115% higher than that of the control treatment. The use of salicylic and humic acids had a great influence on the total antioxidant capacity and the content of flavonoids, anthocyanins, and carotenoids. The highest percentage of chamazulene (6.1%) was obtained from salicylic acid (400 μM) × humic acid (600 mg l-1) treatment, and the lowest one (4.1%) from the control treatment. In total, the best results were obtained from simultaneous application of salicylic (400 μM) and humic (600 mg l-1) acids.
F. Nosrati; B. Fakheri; M. Solouki; N. Mahdi Nezhad; M. Valizadeh
Abstract
Sarcocolla(Astragalus fasciculifolius Boiss.), belonging to Fabaceae family, is a medicinal plant distributed in the south of Sistan and Baluchestan province. Due to presence of compounds like saponins, flavonoids, and polysaccharides, it has an effective role in treating heart disease and cancer and ...
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Sarcocolla(Astragalus fasciculifolius Boiss.), belonging to Fabaceae family, is a medicinal plant distributed in the south of Sistan and Baluchestan province. Due to presence of compounds like saponins, flavonoids, and polysaccharides, it has an effective role in treating heart disease and cancer and eliminating chemotherapy and improving immunity. In this study, plant samples including eight A. fasciculifolius were collected from different habits in the province, and some phytochemical properties of root, leaves (total phenol, total flavonoid, and polysaccharide) and of flowers (total phenol, total flavonoid, and anthocyanin) were analyzed in the plant flower. The results of variance analysis showed a significant difference among different habitats (α>0.01). Phytochemical studies revealed significant amounts of phenolic compounds in the leaf with the highest rate recorded in Poshtkooh (14.62-32.55 mg GAE/g). In the root, the highest value was in Anjirok (20.39-53.84 mg GAE/g) and in the flower, the highest value was in BAirk (5.11-15.82 mg GAE/g), representing flavonoid compounds in the leaf in which the highest value was in Nahook (8.76-12.72 mg QE/g). Also, in root, the highest value was in Panjangosht (10 fingers) (0.25-1.03 mg QE/g). In the flower, the highest value was in Nahook (6.35-9.28 mg QE/g). In the polysaccharide compounds of the leaf, the highest value was in Anjirok (60.89-93.29 mg/g). In root, the highest values were in Pangangosht (94.33-209.38 mg/g) and anthocyanin of flower had the highest values in Pangangosht (36.34-77.58 mg/g). The results of this study represent the ability of different habitats of the province in producing valuable herbal compounds. Besides, because of its high levels of phenolic and polysaccharide compounds, this plant has a remarkable capability to be used in food and pharmaceutical industries.
M. Shahsavari; D. Naderi; M.M. Gheisari
Abstract
Balanced nutrition is one of the most important factors in improving the quality and performance of medicinal plants such as Domask-Rose (Rosa damascena Mill.). In recent years, the approach to removing or reducing the use of chemical fertilizers with the aim of replacing organic fertilizers and ...
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Balanced nutrition is one of the most important factors in improving the quality and performance of medicinal plants such as Domask-Rose (Rosa damascena Mill.). In recent years, the approach to removing or reducing the use of chemical fertilizers with the aim of replacing organic fertilizers and the application of new products has been widely considered. For this purpose, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with two factors of organic nano-fertilizer (levels of zero, 2, 3 and 4 cc in one liter of water) and humic acid (levels of zero, 1, 2 and 3 cc in one liter of water) in three replications. The results showed that the highest amount of nitrogen was obtained in organic nano-fertilizer treatments of 4 and 3 per thousand, and the highest amount of phosphorus and potassium was obtained in organic nano-fertilizer of 4 per thousand. The highest amount of anthocyanin (62.63 μg / g) was obtained in organic nano-fertilizer of 3 per 1000, and the highest amount of carotenoids (range from 0.44 to 0.35 mg / g) was obtained in humic acid treatments without nano-fertilizer and with nano-fertilizer of 2, 4 and 3 per thousand. The 2-phenyl ethanol, citronellol, geraniol and alpha-pinene compounds were the highest essential oil components. The highest amount of 2-phenyl ethanol was obtained in the treatment of organic nano-fertilizer and humic acid at concentrations of 3 per thousand. The highest amount of citronellol, alpha-pinene and the least amount of 2-pheny lethanol were observed in the treatment of organic nano-fertilizer with 4 per thousand and humic acid 3 per thousand. The lowest amount of citronellol and alpha-pinene, and the highest amount of geraniol were obtained in organic nano-fertilizer 2 per thousand with humic acid 2 and 1 per thousand. According to the findings of this research, organic nano-fertilizer and humic acid treatments showed a positive effect on the concentration of mineral elements and essential oil components.
N. Ghayoumi- Mohammadi; H.A. Asadi-Gharneh
Abstract
Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is a valuable medicinal plant widely used in the pharmaceutical, food, and industrial products. In order to investigate the effects of vermicompost and seaweed foliar application on quantitative and qualitative traits of roselle, this research was carried out in Islamic ...
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Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is a valuable medicinal plant widely used in the pharmaceutical, food, and industrial products. In order to investigate the effects of vermicompost and seaweed foliar application on quantitative and qualitative traits of roselle, this research was carried out in Islamic Azad University, Isfahan Branch in spring, summer and autumn of 2016. The experiment was conducted as factorial in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications. Vermicompost treatments were applied on four levels: zero (control), 5, 10 and 15 ton/ha, and seaweed spraying at three levels: 0 (control), 1 and 1.5g/L at intervals of one month. At the end of experiment, plant height, number of flowers, fresh and dry weights of the plant, fresh and dry weights of calyx, chlorophyll a, b and total, anthocyanin content, vitamin C, flavonoids and titratable acidityof calyx were measured. The results indicated that the use of seaweed and vermicompost improved the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of roselle. The highest plant height, number of flowers per plant, fresh and dry weights of plant and calyx, chlorophyll a, b and total, anthocyanin content, titratable acid, and vitamin C in calyx, were measured in vermicompost 15 ton/ha. Also the highest amount of chlorophyll a, anthocyanin, flavonoids, titratable acid, and vitamin C of calyx, number of flowers per plant and fresh weight of plant were measured in 1.5 g/l seaweed. The highest amount of vitamin C (68.74 mg/100g), titratable acid (4.97%), anthocyanin (1.400mg/g) in calyx, number of flowers per plant (73.33) and plant fresh weight (828.33 g) were observed in vermicompost 15 ton /ha with the foliar application of seaweed 1.5 g/l.
M. Faraji; K. Poursakhi
Abstract
Iranian Borage (Echium amoenum Fisch. & C. A. Mey.) is a herbaceous, biennial or perennial herb and an important medicinal plant of the Boraginaceae family. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of biological and organic fertilizers on morphological and phytochemical characteristics of ...
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Iranian Borage (Echium amoenum Fisch. & C. A. Mey.) is a herbaceous, biennial or perennial herb and an important medicinal plant of the Boraginaceae family. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of biological and organic fertilizers on morphological and phytochemical characteristics of Iranian Borage. This study was carried out in a completely randomized design with five treatments and three replicates. The treatments included vermicompost fertilizer at three levels with the volume ratio of 10, 20 and 30 percent; chicken manure at three levels with the volume ratio of 5, 10 and 20 percent; biosulfur fertilizer at 5, 10 and 15 grams; nitroxin fertilizer at 5, 10 and 15 ml of water for seed; humics fertilizer at three levels of 100, 200 and 300 grams in 5 ml of water for seed, and control pots. Features such as plant height, stem number, leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, number of flower, calyx length, corolla length, dry weight and the amount of anthocyanin and flavonoid were measured in three wavelengths of 270, 300 and 330 nm. The results indicated that different levels of biological and organic fertilizers had a significant effect on morphological and phytochemical characters. In general, humics fertilizer (300 grams) was the best treatment for increasing the number of stem and number of flowers, and chicken manure (20 percent) and vermicompost (30 percent) were the best treatments in terms of impact on the anthocyanin level, and humics fertilizer (300 grams) and chicken manure (10 and 20 percent) were the best treatments in terms of impact on the flavonoid level. Due to the damaging effects of chemical fertilizers and the favorable effects observed for biological and organic fertilizers, the use of biological and organic fertilizers is recommended in order to cultivate Iranian Borage.
B. Parsa Motlagh; P. Rezvani Moghadam; R. Ghorbani; Zabihollah Azami Sardooei
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effects of different fertilizer systems and irrigation water on some phytochemical characteristics of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), a field experiment was conducted at the University of Jiroft during 2013 and 2014. The study was conducted as split plot based on a randomized ...
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In order to evaluate the effects of different fertilizer systems and irrigation water on some phytochemical characteristics of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), a field experiment was conducted at the University of Jiroft during 2013 and 2014. The study was conducted as split plot based on a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Three irrigation levels (100%, 80% and 60% of crop water requirement) were assigned as main plot factor. Four fertilizers including mycorrhiza, vermicompost, cow manure, and chemical fertilizer (NPK) were allocated as sub plot factor. The results indicated that fertilizer treatments and different irrigation water levels had significant effect on total phenol, anthocyanin, acidity of calyx, seed protein and seed oil. The highest and lowest anthocyanin (3.05 and 2.78 ml.gr-1), total phenol (12.52 and 12.90 ml.gr-1) and acidity of calyx (0.81 and 0.87 gr.100 gr dry weight) belonged to vermicompost and cow manure. Also, 60% and 100% crop water requirement produced the highest and lowest anthocyanin (3 and 2.19 ml.gr-1), total phenol (13.04 and 10.81 ml.gr-1) and seed protein (20.90% and 20.01%). Furthermore, the interaction effect of fertilizer systems and irrigation levels had a significant effect on anthocyanin content. The interaction effect of irrigation levels and year had a significant effect on oil seed. Vitamin C was not affected by experimental treatments.
M. Ghesmati; F. Moradinezhad; M. Khayayt
Abstract
Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) is one of the invaluable medicinal plants, widely used in the pharmaceutical industry due to its vitamins, mucilage, antioxidants, alkaloids and phenolic compounds. Calcium, involved in determining the fruit quality, is one of the most important minerals and its role in ...
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Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) is one of the invaluable medicinal plants, widely used in the pharmaceutical industry due to its vitamins, mucilage, antioxidants, alkaloids and phenolic compounds. Calcium, involved in determining the fruit quality, is one of the most important minerals and its role in the improvement of secondary metabolites in plants has been proved. Nevertheless, little information is available regarding the foliar application of this element on jujube plant. Hence, the current research was aimed to investigate the effects of foliar application of calcium nitrate or calcium chloride on antioxidant properties and quality attributes of jujube fruit. The study was carried out in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were included control (distilled water), calcium chloride (0.5 and 1%) and calcium nitrate (0.5 and 1%). The Foliar application was done in two stages; in fruit cell division stage (20 days after full bloom) and in fruit cell growth stage (40 days after full bloom). The results showed that foliar application of calcium nitrate (0.5%) significantly increased the titratable acidity of the fruit. Calcium chloride treatment (0.5%) also increased fruit anthocyanin content compared to the control. The highest antioxidant properties, vitamin C, and calcium content were obtained in calcium chloride (1%) treatment. The maximum values of chlorophyll a, b and total were observed in the leaves treated with calcium nitrate at a concentration of 1%. In general, the results showed that foliar application of calcium salts improved the quality and antioxidant properties of jujube fruits compared to the control.
M. Nemati; M. Dahmardeh; E. Khmmari; M. Nejati
Abstract
To study the effect of biological and manure fertilizers on economic yield and quality characteristics of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), an experiment was conducted as split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Center of Zabol University, ...
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To study the effect of biological and manure fertilizers on economic yield and quality characteristics of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), an experiment was conducted as split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Center of Zabol University, Iran during growing season of 2012. Treatments included three manure levels; 0, 10 and 20t.h-1 and eight levels of biofertilizer including control, nitroxin, bio-sulfur, biological phosphorus, nitroxin+bio-sulfur, nitroxin+biological phosphorus, bio-sulfur+biological phosphorus, nitroxin+bio-sulfur+biological phosphorus. Different levels of manure fertilizer and biofertilizers were considered as main plots and subplots, respectively. Traits included economic yield, leaf SPAD, chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids, carbohydrates, anthocyanin, protein, potassium and phosphorus. According to the obtained results different levels of manure and bio-fertilizer treatments and their interactions on biological traits were significant. The maximum economic yield (1290kg.h-1) and protein content (841.42mg.g-1) was obtained with a combined consumption of 10 tons of manure per hectare and nitroxin. The highest amount of anthocyanins (0.45μg.g-1) and carbohydrates (1035.7μg.g-1) in sepals was obtained at 20t.h-1 manure+bio-sulfur+biological phosphorus. The use of 20t.h-1 manure and nitroxin, bio-sulfur and biological phosphorus caused an increased leaf SPAD, chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids, phosphorus and potassium as compared to control. Our results clearly showed that combined use of manure and biological fertilizers could play an important role in increasing the economic yield and quality characteristics of roselle in comparison with the separate consumption.
R. Kabiri; H. Farahbakhsh; F. Nasibi
Abstract
This research was aimed to evaluate the effect of drought stress, induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG6000), on physiological and biochemical parameters of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.). The traits were included: shoot dry weight, electrolyte leakage, relative water content, photosynthetic pigments ...
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This research was aimed to evaluate the effect of drought stress, induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG6000), on physiological and biochemical parameters of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.). The traits were included: shoot dry weight, electrolyte leakage, relative water content, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids), malondialdehyde and other aldehyde's contents, anthocyanines, polyphenol compounds, flavonoids, phenylalanine ammonialayse activity, soluble sugar content and protein. An experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design with three replications under hydroponic culture at research laboratory of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman in 2011. Treatments were four levels of drought stress (0, -0.2, -0.4 and -0.6 MPa). Results showed that drought stress caused a significant reduction in shoot dry weight, relative water content, photosynthetic pigments, anthocyanines, polyphenol compounds, flavonoids and protein and an increase in electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde content, phenylalanine ammonialayse activity and soluble sugar. Based on the obtained results, it seems that this plant is sensitive to drought stress, and the application of exogenous protective compounds could increase the antioxidant capacity of plant against stress condition.
F. Khatami; F. Ghanati
Abstract
It has been widely accepted that the increase of atmospheric pollutants and depletion of ozone, are the main causes for the increase of ultraviolet radiation on the earth. In the present study, the effects of UV-B and UV-C on of Malva neglecta calli were investigated. Besides mocuza whose wound healing ...
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It has been widely accepted that the increase of atmospheric pollutants and depletion of ozone, are the main causes for the increase of ultraviolet radiation on the earth. In the present study, the effects of UV-B and UV-C on of Malva neglecta calli were investigated. Besides mocuza whose wound healing effects is well known,the plant contains different flavonoides and anthocyanins which are known as good antioxidant and UV protectants as well. Explants from leaves were surface-sterilized and cultured on a modified B5 medium. After 7 days, the calli were emerged and were subcultured every 10 days. After 11 subcultures, the calli were exposed to different doses of UV irradiation as follows: 144, 288, 432, 576, 720, 864, 1296, and 1728 j/m2 for UV-B and 204, 408, 612, 816, 1020, 1284, 1836, and 2448 j/m2 for UV-C. The results showed that the flavonoids and anthocyanins contents (UV absorbing compounds) were increased significantly, compared with the control cells. The levels of apigenin and delphinidin in Malva neglecta cells decreased after exposure to UV-B and UV-C compared to the control calli. Malvidin increased in UV-B and UV-C exposed Malva neglecta cells. In addition, membrane lipid peroxidation increased by longer exposure to UV-C and UV-B, compared to the control cells. The results suggest that the effects of UV-B and UV-C on flavonoids and anthocyanins contents of callus-cultured Malva neglecta cells are not identical and therefore they should be differentially suggested as tools for increase of desigred components.
M. Ghorbanli; Gh. Bakhshi Khaniki; A. Zakeri
Abstract
Water deficit is one of the most important factors affecting the growth of plants. In this research, Linum usitatissimum L. seeds were sown in plastic pots containing sand, clay and peat (2: 1: 1). When the third leave was appeared, water stress was done at three levels of control, 1/3 field capacity ...
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Water deficit is one of the most important factors affecting the growth of plants. In this research, Linum usitatissimum L. seeds were sown in plastic pots containing sand, clay and peat (2: 1: 1). When the third leave was appeared, water stress was done at three levels of control, 1/3 field capacity and 2/3 field capacity for 10 days in three duplication on the basis completely randomized design. The amount of carotenoid, anthocyanin, flavonoid, phenolic compound and proline was measured to study the effect of drought stress on non-enzymatic defense mechanisms. Data were subjected to analysis of variance by SPSS statistical software and means were compared by Duncan's test at p ≤ 0.05 significance level. It is noteworthy to state that proline accumulation in aerial parts of the Linum was more than that of the root. The results showed that the amount of praline, phenolic compound and anthocyanin significantly increased but the amount of flavonoid in 2/3 FC increased and then slightly decreased however it increased as compared with the control. In the current study, the amount of carotenoid in the leaves of Linum significantly decreased.
E. Nikkhah; M. Khayami; R. Heidari
Volume 25, Issue 1 , May 2009, , Pages 120-128
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are various forms of activated oxygen and nitrogen that cause DNA damage that may lead to mutation 3. In fact, free radicals are believed to play important roles in different health conditions, including the aging process, cancer and atherosclerosis. ...
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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are various forms of activated oxygen and nitrogen that cause DNA damage that may lead to mutation 3. In fact, free radicals are believed to play important roles in different health conditions, including the aging process, cancer and atherosclerosis. Several anti-inflammatory, digestive, anti-necrotic, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective drugs, have recently been shown to have an antioxidant and/or radical scavenging mechanism as part of their activity. Many studies have demonstrated the antioxidant activities and health benefits of the anthocyanins occurring in various fruits and vegetables. Anthocyanins are a group of naturally occurring phenolic compounds, which are responsible for the attractive colors of many flowers, fruits (particularly in berries), vegetables and related products derived from them. These polyphenolic substances are glycosides of poly hydroxy and poly methoxy-derivatives of 2-phenylbenzopyrylium or flavilium salts. Grapes and berries are the chief dietary sources of anthocyanins. Berries are rich in anthocyanins, compounds that provide pigmentation to fruits and serve as natural antioxidants. Earlier studies have shown that berry anthocyanins are beneficial in reducing age_associated oxidative stress. The aim of this study was evaluation of inhibitory effect of anthocyanins from three spicies of berries. In this study, anthocyanin pigments were extracted from berries with Cribago & Francis method. Nitric oxide radical inhibition assay of berries’ extracts have been done by the use of Griess Illosvoy reaction. The scavenging of nitric oxide by berries extract was increased in a dose-dependent manner.
