Study of some morphological and physiological characteristics of German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) under the influence of salicylic and humic acids foliar spray

Mashayekhi, Sh.; Abdali Mshhadi, A.; Bakhshandeh, A.; Lotfi Jalal-Abadi, A.; Seyyednejad, S.M.

doi:10.22092/ijmapr.2019.123077.2386

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

¹ Ph.D. student, Agronomy and plant breeding department, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Ahwaz, Iran

² Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Ahwaz, Iran

³ Biology Department, Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz, Ahwaz. Iran

https://doi.org/10.22092/ijmapr.2019.123077.2386

Abstract

Foliar spray of chemical and organic compounds can affect the quantitative and qualitative yield of important medicinal plants such as German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.). In order to investigate the effect of salicylic (control, 200, 400 and 600 μM) and humic (control, 200, 400 and 600 mg l^-1) acids foliar spray on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of German chamomile, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the research farm of Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University in 2015. The results showed that the highest number of flowers per plant was observed in 600 μM salicylic (91) and 600 mg l^-1 humic (96) acids treatments. The highest fresh flower yield (1014 g m^-2) was obtained from salicylic acid (400 μM) × humic acid (600 mg l^-1), which was 115% higher than that of the control treatment. The use of salicylic and humic acids had a great influence on the total antioxidant capacity and the content of flavonoids, anthocyanins, and carotenoids. The highest percentage of chamazulene (6.1%) was obtained from salicylic acid (400 μM) × humic acid (600 mg l-1) treatment, and the lowest one (4.1%) from the control treatment. In total, the best results were obtained from simultaneous application of salicylic (400 μM) and humic (600 mg l^-1) acids.

Keywords

References

- Abasi-nia, H., Alizadeh, Z., Vakilian, K., Jafari, Z., Matori-pour, P. and Ranjbaran, M., 2016. Effect of chamomile extract on sleep disorder in postmenopausal women. Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility, 19(20): 1-7.

- Abdekhani, S., Solouki, M. and Shiri, Y., 2014. The Effect of dfifrent growth Hormones on gene expression of Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase (PAL) in Ocimum basilicum L. Journal of Crop Biotechnology, 4(8): 21-30.

- Agatonovic-Kustrin, S., Ortakand, D.B., Morton, D.W. and Yusof, A.P., 2015. Rapid evaluation and comparison of natural products and antioxidant activity in calendula, feverfew, and German chamomile extracts. Journal of Chromatography A, 1385: 103-110.

- Arnon, D.I., 1949. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiology, 24(1): 1-15.

- Azizi, M. and Safaei, Z., 2017. The effect of foliar application of humic acid and nano fertilizer (Pharmks®) on morphological traits, yield, essential oil content and yield of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.). Journal of Horticulture Science (Agricultural Sciences and Technology), 4: 671-680.

- Beheshti, S. and Tadayon, A., 2017. Effects of drought stress and humic acid on some physiological parameters of lima bean (Phaseols lunatus L.). Journal of Plant Process and Function. 6(19): 1-14.

- Beveridge, C.A., Mathesius, U., Rose, R.J. and Gresshoff, P.M., 2007. Common regulatory themes in meristem development and whole-plant homeostasis. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 10(1): 44-51.

- Braun, L. and Cohen, M., 2015. Herbs and Natural Supplements (V. 2: An Evidence Based Guide). Elsevier Health Sciences, 1384p.

- Chang, C.C., Yang, M.H., Wen, H.M. and Chern, J.C., 2002. Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 10(3): 178-182.

- Chen, J., Wen, P., Kong, W., Pan, Q., Zhan, J., Li, J., Wan, S. and Huang, W., 2006. Effect of salicylic acid on phenylpropanoids and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in harvested grape berries. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 40: 64-72.

- Costa, M., Civell, P.M., Chaves, A.R. and Martinez, G.A., 2005. Effects of ethephon and 6-benzylaminopurine on chlorophyll degrading enzymes and a peroxidase-linked chlorophyll bleaching during post-harvest senescence of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) at 20°C. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 35: 191-199.

- Diyanat Maharluei, Z., Maghsoudi, K., Diyanat Maharluei, Z. and Emam, Y., 2014. The effects of salinity and salicylic acid on morphological and physiological traits of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). Journal of Plant Process and Function, 3(7): 57-66.

- Eshwar, M., Srilatha, M., Bhanu Rekha, K. and Harish Kumar Sharma, S., 2017. Effect of humic substances (humic, fulvic acid) and chemical fertilizers on nutrient uptake, dry matter production of aerobic rice (Oryza sativa L.). Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 6(5): 1063-1066.

- Fazelian, N. and Asrar, Z., 2011. Arsenic and salicylic acid interaction on the growth and some other physiological parameters in Matricaria recutita. Iranian Journal of Plant Biology, 3(8): 1-12.

- Fitriansyah, S.N., Aulifa, D.L., Febriani, Y. and Sapitri, E., 2018. Correlation of total phenolic, flavonoid and carotenoid content of Phyllanthus emblica extract from bandung with DPPH scavenging activties. Pharmacognosy Journal, 10(3): 447-452.

- Ghasemi, M., Babaeian Jelodar, N., Modarresi, M., Bagheri, N. and Jamali, A., 2016a. Increase of chamazulene and α-bisabolol contents of the essential oil of German chamomile (Matricaria chamomila L.) using salicylic acid treatments under normal and heat stress conditions. Foods, 5(3): E56.

- Ghasemi, M., Modarresi, M., Babaeian Jelodar, N., Bagheri, N. and Jamali, A., 2016b. The evaluation of exogenous application of salicylic acid on physiological characteristics, proline and essential oil content of chamomile (Matricaria chamomila L.) under normal and heat stress conditions. Agriculture, 6(3): 31.

- Hassanzadeh, K., Ahmadi, M., and Shaban, M., 2014. Effect of pre-treatment of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) seeds on seed germination and seedlings growth under salt stress. International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences, 4(3): 260-265.

- Heidari, M., Miri, H.R. and Minaee, A., 2013. Antioxidant activity and biochemical compounds of Borage (Borago officinalis L.) in reaction of drought stress and humic acid. Environmental stresses in Crop Science, 6(2): 159-170.

- Jaleel, C.A., Riadh, K., Gopi, R., Manivannan, P., Ines, J., Al-Juburi, H.J., Chang-Xing, Z., HongBo, S. and Panneerselvam, R., 2009. Antioxidant defense responses: physiological plasticity in higher plants under abiotic constrains. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 31(3): 427-436.

- Jithesh, M.N., Prashanth, S.R., Sivaprakash, K.R. and Parida, A.K., 2006. Antioxidative response mechanisms in halophytes: their role in stress defence. Journal of Genetics, 85(3): 237-254.

- Keefe, J.R., Mao, J.J., Soeller, I., Li, Q.S. and Amsterdam, J.D., 2016. Short-term open-label chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) therapy of moderate to severe generalized anxiety disorder. Phytomedicine, 23(14): 1699-1705.

- Kim, J.S., Lee, B.H., Kim, S.H., Ok, K.H. and Cho, K.Y., 2006. Response to environmental and chemical signals for anthocyanin biosynthesis in nonchlorophyllous corn (Zea mays L.) leaf. Journal of Plant Biology, 49: 16-25.

- Kohanmoo, M.A., Modaresi, M. and Bagheri Kahkesh, Z. 2016. Effects of spraying salicylic acid and jasmonic acide on the morphological and biochemical characteristics of Chamomile (Matricaria Chamomilla L.) under Bushehr climate conditions. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 32(3): 428-435.

- Kovacik, J., Gruz, J., Backor, M., Strnad, M. and Repcak, M., 2009. Salicylic acid-induced changes to growth and phenolic metabolism in Matricaria chamomilla plants. Plant Cell Reports, 28(1): 135-143.

- Malekian, M., Hemmati, Kh., Ghasemnezhad, A. and Barzali, M., 2014. Effect of salicylic acid on quantitative and qualitative traits of German chamomile ecotypes. Journal of CropsImprovement, 16(1): 185-196.

- Martins, H.M., Martins, M.L., Dias, M.I. and Bernardo, F., 2001. Evaluation of microbiological quality of medicinal plants used in natural infusions. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 68(2): 149-153.

- Nardi, S., Pizzeghello, D., Muscolo, A. and Vianello, A., 2002. Physiological effects of humic substances on higher plants. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 34(11): 1527-1536.‏

- Omidbaigi, R. and Nobakht, A., 2001. Nitrogen fertilizer affecting growth, seed yield and active substances of milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.). Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 4: 1345-1349.

- Pastirova, A., Repčák, M. and Eliašová, A., 2004. Salicylic acid induces changes of coumarin metabolites in Matricaria chamomilla L. Plant Science, 167(4): 819-824.

- Sak, K., Nguyen, T.H., Ho, V.D., Do, T.T. and Raal, A., 2017. Cytotoxic effect of chamomile (Matricaria recutita) and marigold (Calendula officinalis) extracts on human melanoma SK-MEL-2 and epidermoid carcinoma KB cells. Cogent Medicine, 4(1): 7p.

- Salimi, F., Shekari, F. and Hamzehee, J., 2015. Chlorophyll, Soluble sugar and dry weight of German chamomile in response to methile jasmonate under salt stress conditions. Journal of Horticultural Science 29(1): 87-94.

- Sangtarash, M.H., Qaderi, M.M., Chinnappa, C.C. and Reid, D.M., 2009. Carotenoid differential sensitivity of canola (Brassica napus) seedlings to ultraviolet-B radiation, water stress and abscisic acid. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 66: 212-219.

- Sanjari mijani, M., Sirousmehr, A.R. and Fakheri, B., 2016. The effect of drought stress and humic acid on morphological traits, yield and antocianin of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). Journal of Agroecology, 8(3): 346-358.

- Srivastava, J.K., Pandey, M. and Gupta, S., 2009. Chamomile, a novel and selective COX-2 inhibitor with anti-inflammatory activity. Life Sciences, 85(19): 663-669.

- Sun, T., Powers, J.R. and Tang, J., 2007. Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of asparagus, broccoli and their juices. Food Chemistry, 105(1): 101-106.

- Zarinkamar, F., Abdollahzadeh-Zaviehjak, A., Sharifi, M. and Behmanesh, M., 2013. Effect of salicylic acid on flavonoids, apigenin, anthocyanin and carbohydrate in Matricaria chamomilla L. Iranian Journal of Plant Biology, 17: 67-74.

Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research

Study of some morphological and physiological characteristics of German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) under the influence of salicylic and humic acids foliar spray

References

References

Volume 35, Issue 3 - Serial Number 95
July and August 2019
Pages 424-436

Study of some morphological and physiological characteristics of German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) under the influence of salicylic and humic acids foliar spray

References

References

Volume 35, Issue 3 - Serial Number 95July and August 2019Pages 424-436

Volume 35, Issue 3 - Serial Number 95
July and August 2019
Pages 424-436