Identification, introduction, ecology and ethnobotany
M. Ghorbani; S. Khorasaninejad; Kh. Hemmati; Kh. Ghorbani
Abstract
This study was aimed at comparing Viola spp. populations collected from north and northwest of Iran to investigate the adaptability and feasibility of their domestication under climatic conditions of Gorgan. The whole plant samples together with their rhizomes were collected from nine habitats in Golestan, ...
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This study was aimed at comparing Viola spp. populations collected from north and northwest of Iran to investigate the adaptability and feasibility of their domestication under climatic conditions of Gorgan. The whole plant samples together with their rhizomes were collected from nine habitats in Golestan, Mazandaran, Gilan, East Azerbaijan, and Kermanshah provinces during the growing season. After botanical approval and receiving herbarium code, the rhizomes were cultivated under the same soil and climate with three replications. Their yield components and physiological, morphological, and phytochemical traits were measured after one crop year at flowering stage. The results showed that these populations were from V. alba Besser, V. odorata L., V. sieheana W.Becker, and V. ignobilis Rups. species. All populations produced flowers and seeds after one crop year. The populations differed significantly (P<0.01). V. ignobilis from Kermanshah had the highest amount of root and aerial parts fresh weight, aerial parts dry weight, and leaf area. The highest amount of root and aerial parts length belonged to V. sieheana from Alangdare. V. alba from Ziarat had the highest amount of total phenols (45.74 mg gallic acid per gram of dry extract) and total flavonoids (20.24 mg quercetin per gram of dry extract). The highest amount of chlorophylls a and b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, and anthocyanins was observed in V. odorata from Bandargaz. The highest antioxidant activity by DPPH and ABTS methods was found in V. alba from Afratakhte and the highest one by FRAP was observed in V. odorata from Qarnabad. The highest amount of total antioxidant was measured in V. alba and V. oderata populations from Ziarat region. Overall, the results proved the considerable traits diversity in Viola spp. populations. This diversity could be due to the high genetic potential among different populations, differences in environmental conditions, or the interaction of population and environment.
E. Aryakia
Abstract
The family Apiaceae contains valuable commercial species including medicinal, spicy, vegetable, and ornamental species. Although there are many reports on medicinal properties and phytochemical content of commercial Apiaceae species, little information is available about other relatives of this family. ...
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The family Apiaceae contains valuable commercial species including medicinal, spicy, vegetable, and ornamental species. Although there are many reports on medicinal properties and phytochemical content of commercial Apiaceae species, little information is available about other relatives of this family. In this study, the medicinal properties including anti-acetylcholinesterase, anti-tyrosinase, and antioxidant activities along with total phenolic content (TPC) of nine Apiaceae species were assessed. Our results revealed a wide variation of medicinal properties and phytochemical content between different species. The studied plants were identified as potential sources of anti-acetylcholinesterase, anti-tyrosinase, and antioxidant properties. The highest antioxidant, anti-acetylcholinesterase and anti-tyrosinase properties were found in Conium maculatum, Prangos uloptera and Malabaila secacul, respectively. Moreover, the results showed that the TPC and consequently antioxidant properties of methanolic extract were several times more than that of ethyl acetate extract in each species. Overall, the species studied in the present research possessed favorable to extreme amounts of medicinal properties and phytochemical content that was first reported here and could be considered in the pharmaceutical, food, and agricultural industries.
H. Meftahizade; Y. Hamidoghli; M.H. Asareh; M. Javanmard Dakheli
Abstract
This research was aimed to investigate the effects of sowing date and irrigation regimes on phytochemical attributes of guar genotypes. The study was conducted in a split-split plot randomized block design including two sowing dates (15th and 30th July), four irrigation regimes, and three genotypes with ...
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This research was aimed to investigate the effects of sowing date and irrigation regimes on phytochemical attributes of guar genotypes. The study was conducted in a split-split plot randomized block design including two sowing dates (15th and 30th July), four irrigation regimes, and three genotypes with three replication for two seasons (2015 and 2016). The seeds were harvested and ethanolic extraction was prepared to analyze physicochemical traits such as antioxidant activity, phenol, tannin, protein, viscosity, galactomannan content, etc. The results showed that there were significant differences (P≤0.01%) between sowing date and irrigation regimes in case of phytochemical traits, seed protein, galactomannan content, and minerals. The range of galactomannan content was 28-33%, where the maximum galactomannan level (33.8%) was recorded for the interaction of late sowing date × four- stage irrigation schedule. Among the genotypes studied, the third genotype (RGC-1066) had the highest antioxidant activity and gum protein percentage. There is no significant difference among the genotypes for other characteristics. Late sowing date, G3 (RGC-1066) and four-stage irrigation schedule during growth cycle were the best treatments. The results of this study showed that guar planting in the study area is positively evaluated in terms of mineral materials, protein content, and gum viscosity; therefore, its development can be recommended in the agronomic program.
Sh. Saeidian; Y. Valizadeh; Z. Amaki
Abstract
Due to the medicinal properties, the root of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) has been used from a very distant past. In the present study, the homogenate of sage and the sage treated with chitosan was extracted after drying using 96% ethanol. Then, ethanol solvent was removed from the extract using rotary ...
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Due to the medicinal properties, the root of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) has been used from a very distant past. In the present study, the homogenate of sage and the sage treated with chitosan was extracted after drying using 96% ethanol. Then, ethanol solvent was removed from the extract using rotary equipment. To do this research, 60 adult male white Wistar rats were used. The rats were divided into six groups of 10. The oral extract of sage and the sage treated with chitosan was used at a dose of 200 mg/kg. In addition, a dose of 50 mg/kg of isoniazid was used as gavage to induce oxidative effect. The DPPH method was also used with the help of 1,2-diphenyl 1-picyril hydrazine to compare the antioxidant effects of sage and the sage treated with chitosan. The use of alcoholic extract of Salvia sp. led to reduced triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL and ALP as well as increased HDL levels. In addition, the extract of sage treated with chitosan led to decreased LDL, ALT and increased HDL levels. Therefore, according to the results, it was concluded that the beneficial effects of the factors evaluated were significant. Also, the DPPH test results showed that antioxidant effects of alcoholic extract of the sage treated with chitosan was much higher and more effective than sage, indicating the positive effect of chitosan treatment on the amount of sage antioxidants. The results of this study confirmed the undesirable effects of isoniazide on the cells of body.
Z. Nasiri; A.R. Farokhzad; M. Fattahi
Abstract
In this study, 19 wild-grown populations of Prangos (P. acaulic, P. ferulacea, P. uloptera andP. asperula) from North-West of Iran were collected and total phenol and flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, chlorophyll a and b, total carotenoid and essential oil content were evaluated. According to ...
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In this study, 19 wild-grown populations of Prangos (P. acaulic, P. ferulacea, P. uloptera andP. asperula) from North-West of Iran were collected and total phenol and flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, chlorophyll a and b, total carotenoid and essential oil content were evaluated. According to the results, the highest total phenol content (12.5 mg GAE/g DW) was recorded in the population of Ghoshchi from P. uloptera collected from West Azarbaijan province and the lowest content (4.18 mg GAE/g DW) was observed in Showt population (P. Ferulacea), collected from Showt, West Azarbaijan. The highest (5.51mg/g DW) and lowest (1.2 mg/g DW) amount of total flavonoid content recorded in the population of Baneh from Kurdistan province (P. Ferulacea) and Naghadeh population of West Azarbaijan (P. asperula), respectively. In addition, the highest level of chlorophyll a (0.41 mg/g DW) and b (0.69 mg/g DW) was recorded in the population of Showt3 (P. uloptera), located in West Azarbaijan province, and the highest level of carotenoid (61.36 mg/g DW) was observed in Saqqez population (P. ferulacea) from Kurdistan province. The highest antioxidant activity (77.08 %) was obtained in the Showt population (P. Ferulacea). The highest percentage of essential oil was observed in the population of Maku (P. acaulic) and Showt2 (P. ferulacea) collected from West Azarbaijan province. According to the results of cluster and factor analysis, there were high phytochemical variations in different populations collected from different regions of the North-West of Iran, which can be used in breeding programs of this plant.
A Salimi; V. Rowshan; E. Khanpoor
Abstract
This research was aimed to investigate the effect of salinity on quality and quantity of essential oil components and antioxidant activity in Achillea millefolium L. The study was conducted in a completely randomized design in greenhouse, controlled environment, with four treatments including 0 (control), ...
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This research was aimed to investigate the effect of salinity on quality and quantity of essential oil components and antioxidant activity in Achillea millefolium L. The study was conducted in a completely randomized design in greenhouse, controlled environment, with four treatments including 0 (control), 50, 100 and 150 mM NaCl and four replications per treatment. The essential oil was first extracted and the active components of the essential oil were separated and identified by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) methods. Then, the proline content in fresh leaf and antioxidant activity of methanolic extract were determined. According to the results, the essential oil yield showed a significant increase at 150 mM NaCl. Regarding the essential oil composition, the main compounds were delta-cadinol, trans-beta-farnesene, α-Bisabolol, borneol, caryophyllene oxide, and menthone, showing an increase with increasing salinity. Some compounds such as sabinene, cis-β-ocimene, cis-γ-bisabolene were only detected in control treatment. Menthone, beta-bisabolene, epi-beta-santalene, and 1,8-cineole were only detected in the plants treated with salt. Proline content was increased with increased concentration of NaCl. The results showed that radical scavenging activity and reducing power of yarrow extract increased with increasing of salinity concentration. Our findings suggest that salt stress increases the antioxidant compounds in Achillea millefolium.
N. Piroozi; H. Azarnivand; A. Kohandel; F. Khalighi-Sigaroodi
Abstract
Bidens bipinnata L. belongs to the family Asteraceae (Compositae) and genus of Bidens. In order to study the antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content of methanolic extract of Bidens bipinnata L., were investigated. For this purpose, after full identification of the species and determination ...
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Bidens bipinnata L. belongs to the family Asteraceae (Compositae) and genus of Bidens. In order to study the antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content of methanolic extract of Bidens bipinnata L., were investigated. For this purpose, after full identification of the species and determination of its habitat in Alborz province, aerial parts of the plant were collected at fruiting stage. In this research, three methods including DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP were applied to measure flavonoid and total phenolic content of the species. Results showed that for methanol extract of the aerial parts of Bidens bipinnata, percentage of radical inhibition was 82.13 μg/ml (IC50> 100 μg/ml). The amount of ferrous sulfate reagent was 112.66 μM/g based on the dry weight of plant in FRAP method. According to the results of ABTS method, the amount of Ascorbic Acid, total flavonoids and total phenolic compounds were respectively calculated based on the dry weight of plant as 9.15 mg and also the amount of total flavonoids in dry weight of plant using rutin reagent was determined 12.21 mg/g and the amount of total phenolic compounds of the extract using Gallic Acid reagent was determined 2.88 mg/g.
M Bagherloo; R. Heidari; R. Jamei; S. Ghaderpour
Abstract
Plants of Alliaceae family are an important source of phenolic compounds and flavonoids. The major antioxidant activity in plants is related to Polyphenoles. Antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds are due to their reducing potential. This study was carried out to identify and determine the amount ...
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Plants of Alliaceae family are an important source of phenolic compounds and flavonoids. The major antioxidant activity in plants is related to Polyphenoles. Antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds are due to their reducing potential. This study was carried out to identify and determine the amount of phenolic compounds such as Tannic acid, 8Hydroxyquinoline, Vanillic acid, Caffeic acid, Salicylic acid and 1-Naphthol in edible parts of two varieties of Iranian onion, namely, red onion of Azarshahr and white onion of Neishabor and measuring their antioxidant activity. The extracts were prepared from powdered onions by 1.2 M HCl in 50% methanol/water and the amount of their antioxidant activity was measured by using DPPH radical. Phenolic compounds were identified and their amount was determined by HPLC. Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds of edible parts of two varieties of Iranian onion were identified and measured. The results showed that the amount of phenolic compounds in different varieties of onion was different and the maximum phenolic compound was observed in the red onion. Antioxidant activity of red onion was higher than that of white onion.
S.M. Nabavi; M.A. Ebrahimzadeh; S.F. Nabavi
Volume 24, Issue 3 , November 2008, , Pages 374-384
Abstract
Pterocarya fraxinifolia (Lam.) Spach (Juglandaceae) is widely distributed in northern area of Iran. Little information is available about its chemical composition and biological activity. In this paper, the antioxidant activity of Pterocarya fraxinifolia was determined. Bark and fresh leaves of Pterocarya ...
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Pterocarya fraxinifolia (Lam.) Spach (Juglandaceae) is widely distributed in northern area of Iran. Little information is available about its chemical composition and biological activity. In this paper, the antioxidant activity of Pterocarya fraxinifolia was determined. Bark and fresh leaves of Pterocarya fraxinifolia were collected from Dasht-e-Naz, Sari, Iran. Methanolc extract was used in different experiments. There was higher total phenol and flavonoid contents in leaves. IC50 for DPPH radical-scavenging activity was 15.59±0.09 for leaves and 166.24±2.30 mg ml-1 for bark, respectively.The leaves extract exhibited a good reducing power at 2.5 and 80 µg ml-1 that was comparable with ascorbic acid (p>0.05). The extracts also showed weak nitric oxide-scavenging activity and Fe2+ chelating ability. All tested extracts exhibited high antioxidant activity in peroxidation inhibition test. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) among extracts in antioxidative activity. All of extracts manifested almost the same pattern of activity as ascorbic acid and BHA at different incubation times (p>0.05). The leaves and bark extracts of Pterocarya fraxinifolia exhibited good but different levels of antioxidant activity in all the models studied. The extracts had good reducing power, anti-lipid peroxidation activity and DPPH radical-scavenging activity.
