A. Saghalli; M. Farkhari; A, Salavati; Kh. Alamisaeid; A.R. Abdali Mashhadi
Abstract
This study was aimed to evaluate various ecotypes of Silybum marianum L., collected from different parts of Iran, as well as the Budakalasz variety and two ecotypes from England. The experiment was performed in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in the agricultural farm of the Ramin Agriculture ...
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This study was aimed to evaluate various ecotypes of Silybum marianum L., collected from different parts of Iran, as well as the Budakalasz variety and two ecotypes from England. The experiment was performed in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in the agricultural farm of the Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan. The evaluated traits included yield, yield components, and morphological and phenological traits. Analysis of variance showed statistically significant difference among the traits except phenological traits. Molasani 2 and Shush 2 with 4.2 and 1.7 tons/hectare had the highest and lowest yield, respectively. In addition, the yield of Budakalasz variety was estimated to be 2.2 tons/hectare. The smallest canopy among the study ecotypes belonged to Shush 2. Among the phenological traits studied, only the flowering period was statistically different (α<0.05) among the ecotypes. The number of capitula per plant, number of seeds per main capitula and 1000-seed weight according to stepwise regression and path analysis were the most effective traits on yield. Days to stem elongation indirectly influenced the yield via its effects on the number of capitula per plant and the seed number of main capitula. A total of 97 percent of yield variance was explained by four variables entered in the regression model. The resulted dendrogram based on squared Euclidean distance and Ward’s algorithm divided ecotypes into three main clusters. This grouping did not perfectly match with the geographical distribution pattern. The results indicated that there was high diversity in the morphological traits of milk thistle ecotypes, so that the ecotypes could be applied in breeding programs.
M. Najafpour Navaei; A. Shariat
Abstract
Zataria multiflora Boiss. is one of the valuable and endangered medicinal plants used in food and medicine industries. A study was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications in four habitats of Isfahan, Fars, Yazd and Hormozgan provinces to investigate some of the mineral elements ...
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Zataria multiflora Boiss. is one of the valuable and endangered medicinal plants used in food and medicine industries. A study was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications in four habitats of Isfahan, Fars, Yazd and Hormozgan provinces to investigate some of the mineral elements of Zataria multiflora Boiss. (Shirazian thyme) and also for comparing the accumulation of heavy metals in some natural habitats of the country. The mineral elements of this medicinal plant including micronutrients and a number of essential and high-consumption elements such as iron, zinc, manganese, copper, magnesium, sodium, calcium, potassium and a number of metals such as chromium, cobalt, silicon, lead, arsenic, nickel, cadmium, vanadium, totally 17 elements, were measured by using an inductively coupled plasma measuring apparatus (ICP-OES). The results of analysis of variance showed a significant difference among habitats for all elements except arsenic, cadmium and mercury (P <0.01). The three mentioned metals were not detected by the ICP apparatus and were, therefore, considered negligible. The results of this research also showed that the habitat affected the qualitative attributes of the study species. The plants grown in Yazd had the maximum amount of sodium, magnesium, iron and the minimum amount of calcium and cobalt, while the plants grown in Isfahan had maximum amount of zinc, manganese, copper, potassium and minimum amount of sodium and magnesium, indicating the significant effect of habitat on the qualitative attributes on this medicinal plant. Comparison of the amount of heavy elements accumulated in collected plants with permissible limit, reported by the World Health Organization, indicated that these elements were not toxic. This research was aimed to study the possibility of introducing ionomic indicators for identification of Zataria multiflora Boiss. populations as well as comparison of product health among different habitats.
S. Yousefzadeh; F. Sefidkon
Abstract
To determine the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of six dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) populations at six habitats, an experiment was conducted as completely randomized design with three replications (at intervals of 500 to 1000 m) in 2013. Each dragonhead population ...
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To determine the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of six dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) populations at six habitats, an experiment was conducted as completely randomized design with three replications (at intervals of 500 to 1000 m) in 2013. Each dragonhead population belongs to a habitat including Salmas, Urmia, Khoy, Maragheh, Piranshahr and Tabriz. The szk-1cultivar, as a control treatment, was planted in the Research Field of Payam Noor University (PNU) in Marand. In each habitat, flowering branches of dragonhead were collected in full flowering stage. In this study, some traits such as plant height, number of branches, number of flowering branches, essential oil content, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in shoot as well as chlorophyll contents (a, b and total), carotenoids, flavonoids and anthocyanins were measured. According to the obtained results, the effect of habitat was significant on plant height, number of branches, essential oil, the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, chlorophyll and flavonoids at 5% level as well as on number of flowering branches and anthocyanin amount at 1% level. Results showed that the highest plant height and nitrogen, phosphorus, chlorophyll, carotenoids and essential oil contents were obtained from Salmas population. The Szk-1 cultivar produced the highest number of lateral and flowering branches and total flavonoids in Marand. In general, Salmas population had the best growth characteristics and qualitative traits. Therefore, this population could be used to produce varieties with desirable agronomic properties.
F. Ahmadi; A. Moieni; S. Rashidi Monfared
Abstract
In this research, Echinacea purpurea L. hairy roots were cultured in 1000 ml bubble column bioreactor containing 500 ml WPM liquid medium and the effects of inoculum densities (3, 6 and 9g l-1) and aeration rates (0.1, 0.2 and 0.4vvm) on biomass and cichoric acid production were investigated. Fresh and ...
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In this research, Echinacea purpurea L. hairy roots were cultured in 1000 ml bubble column bioreactor containing 500 ml WPM liquid medium and the effects of inoculum densities (3, 6 and 9g l-1) and aeration rates (0.1, 0.2 and 0.4vvm) on biomass and cichoric acid production were investigated. Fresh and dry weights and also the cichoric acid content in hairy roots were measured after 30 days. The results showed that the highest amount of biomass (16.4g l-1 fresh weight and 2.084g l-1 dry weight) and cichoric acid (16.74mg g-1 DW) were produced in the inoculum density of 6 gl-1. The investigation of aeration rates on biomass and cichoric acid production showed that the maximum fresh weight (15.4g l-1) and dry weight (2.467g l-1) were obtained in aeration rate of 0.4vvm and the maximum cichoric acid content (12.74mg g-1 DW) was obtained in aeration rate of 0.2vvm. Overall, the inoculum density and aeration rate had considerable effects on the hairy root growth and development in bubble column bioreactor and they should be optimized for obtaining the highest hairy root biomass and secondary metabolites.
S.M. Hossaini; M. Aghaalikhani; F. Sefidkon; A. Ghalavand
Abstract
Regarding to the important role of weed management, soil fertility and organic farming of the medicinal plants, in this research, the effect of different levels of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexux L.) density on growth and yield of sahendi savory (Satureja sahendica Bornm.) was studied in several ...
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Regarding to the important role of weed management, soil fertility and organic farming of the medicinal plants, in this research, the effect of different levels of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexux L.) density on growth and yield of sahendi savory (Satureja sahendica Bornm.) was studied in several fertility regimes including vermicompost with complete and decreased amount of conventional fertilizers. Experiment was carried out using randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement of treatments with three replicates in Esmaeil Abad Station of Agriculture and Natural Resoursec Research Organization of the Qazvin province during 2010-2012. Fertility factors included NPK plus micro nutrients spraying in first and second year (CF), vermicompost (4 t/ha) in first year (V4), vermicompost (2 t/ha)in first year plus liquid vermitea(40 L/ha) in second year (V2T). Redroot pigweed density levels included 0, 6, 12, and 18 plants per square meter (W0, W6, W12 and W18). Results showed that in first year main effect of fertilizer on shoot weight, and main effect of weed interference on essential oil (p<0.05) and shoot weight (p<0.01) were significant. Weed dry weight significantly (p<0.01) was influenced by weed density in both years of the experiment. The highest percentage of savory essential oil was obtained at 2 t/ha vermicompost+vermitea in no weed treatment. Sixteen compounds were identified in the essential oil of savory of which thymol, р-cymene and γ-trepinene were the most important ones. According to the results of the essential oil analysis, treatment of 4 t/ha vermicompost in weed free condition increased thymol production. However, thymol decreased and р-cymene increased in response to the existence of weeds.
A. Riazi; N. Majnoun Hosseini; H.A. Naghdi Badi; M.R. Naghavi; Sh. Rezazadeh
Abstract
Hypericin and hyperforin compounds are considered as the main active constituents of Hypericum perforatum L. In this research, phytochemical variations of 25 St. John’s Wort populations in Iran’s natural habitats were investigated. Plants were sampled randomly at the full flowering stage ...
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Hypericin and hyperforin compounds are considered as the main active constituents of Hypericum perforatum L. In this research, phytochemical variations of 25 St. John’s Wort populations in Iran’s natural habitats were investigated. Plants were sampled randomly at the full flowering stage from Golestan, Mazandaran, Gilan, East Azerbaijan, West Azerbaijan, Ardabil, Kurdistan, Hamedan, Kohgiloyeh and Boyr-Ahmad, Qazvin, Zanjan, Khorasan and Tehran provinces during the spring and summer of 2010. Results indicated that the differences in the amounts of hypericin and hyperforin of leaf and flower tissues were found to be significant among populations (P<0.05). Flower tissues had more hypericin and hyperforin amounts as compared to leaf tissues. The amount of hyperforin in both tissues was higher than that of hypericin significantly. Simple correlation analysis showed positive significant correlations between leaf hypericin with dark and light glands density on the leaf and light glands density on the leaf surface area as well as positive significant correlation between leaf hyperforin and leaf hypericin. The principal components analysis indicated that the two components explained 66% of the total variance. The cluster analysis divided these populations into three groups with no consistency in their geographical distribution. In conclusion, the results indicated high variations of phytochemical characters among St. John’s Wort populations in Iran’s natural habitats, which can be utilized in the breeding programs.
A. Akbarinia
Abstract
Satureja sahendica Bormn., which is native to Iran, is a medicinal species from Lamiaceae family and its habitat is west of Iran. In a split plot experiment, the effects of nitrogen fertilizer at levels of 0 (control), 40 and 80 kg/ ha (as main plots), and the sowing density of 8, 10 and ...
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Satureja sahendica Bormn., which is native to Iran, is a medicinal species from Lamiaceae family and its habitat is west of Iran. In a split plot experiment, the effects of nitrogen fertilizer at levels of 0 (control), 40 and 80 kg/ ha (as main plots), and the sowing density of 8, 10 and 12 plants /m2 (as sub plots) were studied on height, number of branches per plant, yield and the essential oil yield of aerial parts of S. sahendica. The experiment was carried out in agricultural research farm of Takestan, Islamic Azad University of Iran, during 2009-2011.There was no significant difference in terms of height, number of branches per plant, the yield of flowering shoots and oil content between using 40 and 80 kg/ha nitrogen treatments. However, higher values were recorded for both treatments compared to control. The highest essential oil content and oil yield was obtained by application of 40 kg nitrogen per hectare and using more nitrogen reduced the oil yield. A sowing density of 10 plants per square meter increased aerial part yield and oil yield. The highest yield of flowering shoot, and essential oil yield were obtained by application of 40 kg nitrogen/ha and a sowing density of 12/m2 (2096 kg/ha, 2.1 percent and 44.1 kg /ha, respectively) that showed no significant differences by application of 40 kg nitrogen per hectare and the sowing density of 10 plants /m2.
R. khatibzadeh; M. Azizi; H. Arouiee; M. Farsi
Abstract
Over time, once again there has been a significant growth in growing and producing medicinal plant species. The biotechnological developments have far-reaching implications in conservation and propagation of endangered species, as well in the genetic improvement of medicinal plant. The genetic variation ...
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Over time, once again there has been a significant growth in growing and producing medicinal plant species. The biotechnological developments have far-reaching implications in conservation and propagation of endangered species, as well in the genetic improvement of medicinal plant. The genetic variation occurred in calli holds tremendous potential for increasing production efficiency of valuable secondary metabolites. Levisticum officinale Koch. is considered as one of the oldest medicinal plants and spices from Apiaceae, whose root has a diuretic agent for the treatment of kidney stones and kidney and urinary tract infections, reported in many credible pharmacopoeias. In present investigation, callus cultures of lovage explants (hypocotyl, root, leaf, petiole, crown node) were initiated in modified MS medium, called AM1, supplemented with different phytohormonal combinations. After one month, the percentage and rate of callogenesis were analyzed as a completely randomized factorial design. The highest callus growth and best appearance were obtained by hypocotyl and root explants in the AM1 medium supplemented with 2,4-D (1.5 mgl-1) + Kin (0.5 mgl-1) + NAA (0.025 mgl-1).
M.R. Ardakani; B. Abbaszadeh; M.H. Assare; F. Paknezhad; A. Kashani; M. Layegh Haghighi
Abstract
One of the methods of natural resource management is utilization of inefficient lands and use of resistant plant species in hard conditions. In this study, sampling from natural habitat in Arak (Markazi province) was conducted in 2009 at 3 growth stages including growth, full flowering and maturity using ...
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One of the methods of natural resource management is utilization of inefficient lands and use of resistant plant species in hard conditions. In this study, sampling from natural habitat in Arak (Markazi province) was conducted in 2009 at 3 growth stages including growth, full flowering and maturity using plots with replication. In full flowering stage, plant height, number of tillers, big and small diameter, root length, root weight, chlorophyll, plant dry weight, soluble sugar content, proline, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, chlorine and iron were measured. Mean comparison of morphological characters showed that the largest values of plant height, number of tillers, canopy cover, total shoot and flowering shoot were recorded for the region (locality 3) with less salinity (EC= 7.6 dS/m). The largest values of root length, root weight and essential oil percentage at growthing, full flowering and maturity stages were also recorded for locality 1 with high salinity (EC= 11.7dS/m). Locality 1 showed the highest content of soluble sugar, proline, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and chlorine. Locality 3 had the highest total content of chlorophyll, chlorophyll a and b while the highest iron content was related to locality 2. Results of correlation showed that there was negative significant relationship between plants height with essential oil percentage in full flowering stage. Significant correlation was also observed between soluble sugar and proline, magnesium, calcium and chlorine. There was significant negative correlation between soluble sugar and total chlorophyll 2. According to the results, Camphorosma monspilica L. is one of the salt tolerant plant species probably with medicinal and forage values.
S.A. Hossaini
Abstract
Hops (Humulus lupulus L.) is a perennial plant and belongs to Cannabinaceae family, cultivated in many parts of the world for medicinal and industrial uses. It’s native to Golestan Province. This survey was carried out during 2000-2003 to achieve the best method for cultivation of H. lupulus in ...
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Hops (Humulus lupulus L.) is a perennial plant and belongs to Cannabinaceae family, cultivated in many parts of the world for medicinal and industrial uses. It’s native to Golestan Province. This survey was carried out during 2000-2003 to achieve the best method for cultivation of H. lupulus in Gorgan. In this research, four methods of cultivation (seeding, cutting, underbrush, and layering) were performed in a randomized complete blocks design with four replications. Results showed significant differences with regard to the plant's establishment between the methods of underbrush, layering and seeding with cutting (p < 0/01). Significant differences were also observed with regard to the yield of Humulus lupulus under different cultivation methods as underbrush and layering methods respectively with a yield of 1610 and 1338 kgha-1 showed higher yield than that of seeding and cutting methods with 687 and 28.5 kgha-1 respectively (p < 0/01). Totally, underbrush method is recommended for Gorgan region due to the suitable establishment and high yield in comparison with three other methods.
M. Mehrabadi; F. Shariatmadari; M.A. Karimi Torshizi
Abstract
The present experiment was carried out to determine the effects of barley-based diet supplied with probiotic, medicinal plant and antibiotic on performance, blood factor, and broiler's SRBC criteria as means to assess immune response. Three hundred and twenty day-old male broiler chicks were allocated ...
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The present experiment was carried out to determine the effects of barley-based diet supplied with probiotic, medicinal plant and antibiotic on performance, blood factor, and broiler's SRBC criteria as means to assess immune response. Three hundred and twenty day-old male broiler chicks were allocated to a randomized complete blocks design with 4 treatments consisting of 4 replications for 42 days. Experiment treatments were included: 1) basal diet with 20% barley (barley control), 2) barley control + probiotic Galpro, 3) barley control + medicinal plant Antibiophen, and 4) barley control + antibiotic virginiamycin. In addition, basal diet supplemented with commercial enzyme preparation. Body weight (BW), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), blood cholesterol and triglyceride and SRBC, as criteria of immune system response were the measured parameters. Analysis of the experiment showed significant differences within treatments for 42 day-old body weight, as antibiotic treatment had the highest BW and control barely showed the lowest BW. Among treatments, significant differences were found in FCR for the whole duration of the experiment (P<0.05). Not significant differences in FI were noted among treatments during experiment. The FCR was highest in the barley plus enzyme group, but not much different for other treatment groups. Stimulating of immunity system was determined with sheep erythrocytes in two stages. Antibody titer against sheep erythrocytes in groups fed with probiotic and medicinal plant were more than other groups (P<0.05). Cholestrol and triglyceride levels of serume were affected by treatments; medicinal plants had resulted to lowest cholesterol level and antibiotic caused highest triglyceride level. It could be concluded that diet supplementation of broiler chicken with medicinal plant and probiotic as compared with antibiotic offset the negative effect of barley inclusion.
A. Farzaneh; M.T. Ebadi; S.H. Nemati; H. Arouiee
Abstract
In order to investigate the germination factors of two improved cultivars and one Iranian landrace of cornflower (Centaurea cyanus) under salt stress conditions a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with two factors in three replications was conducted at experimental laboratory ...
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In order to investigate the germination factors of two improved cultivars and one Iranian landrace of cornflower (Centaurea cyanus) under salt stress conditions a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with two factors in three replications was conducted at experimental laboratory of department of horticulture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad during 2009. The main factor included two improved cultivars of cornflower (Ball blue and Ball junge) and one Iranian landrace and second factor included seven salinity levels (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 milli molar NaCl). Measured characteristics were germination percentage, germination velocity, vigor index, radicle and plumule length. According to the results of ANOVA, different levels of salt stress had significant effects on all measured characteristics while the effect of cultivar type was only significant on germination percentage, germination velocity and vigor index. The interaction between salinity and cultivar type had significant effect on all measured characteristics. The results showed that with increase in salinity level, all measured characteristics were significantly decreased. The most germination percentage and germination velocity (51.04 percent and 11.82 seed/day respectively) were obtained from Ball blue in control treatment and the lowest (9.32 percent and 0.5 seed/day respectively) was obtained from Iranian landrace and Ball junge cultivar in 300 mili molar NaCl. Decrease of plumule length was more than that of radicle length under salinity stress. In this study, improved cultivars of cornflower and Iranian landrace showed different responses to salt stress due to the diversity in their genotypes. Generally, Ball blue was identified as the most salt tolerance cultivar in germination stage.
R. Omidbaigi; A. Alirezalu
Volume 26, Issue 4 , February 2011, , Pages 521-530
Abstract
Castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) is one of the most important medicinal plants used in pharmaceutical, cosmetics and hygienic industries in many developed countries. Oil obtained from plant's seeds is of the most valuable aperients in medicine. The purpose of this research was determining the effects ...
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Castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) is one of the most important medicinal plants used in pharmaceutical, cosmetics and hygienic industries in many developed countries. Oil obtained from plant's seeds is of the most valuable aperients in medicine. The purpose of this research was determining the effects of climatic factors (seven different locations) on oil content and fatty acids composition of castor bean plant and increasing quantity and quality of oil. The results showed that climatic factors had significant effects on oil content and fatty acids composition and there were significant differences among the different climates (P<0.01). The highest oil content was reported from West of Tehran (52%) and Marand (51%) regions. Based on the results of fatty acid analysis by Gas Chromatography (GC), eight major fatty acids were observed in castor oil. Ricinoleic acid (18:1 Δ9c-12OH) was known as the major oil fatty acid in Castor bean. The highest Ricinoleic acid was reported from Urmia region (88.94 percent) and the lowest Ricinoleic acid was recorded from Shabestar region (85.72 percent). Other fatty acids identified from various regions including linoleic acid (2.25 to 4.73 percent), palmitic acid (0.9 to 2.13 percent), oleic acid (3.05 to 4.22 percent), stearic acid (0.55 to 1.54 percent), linolenic acid (1.35 to 2.88 percent), dihydroxystearic acid (0.51 to 0.85 percent) and eicosanoic acid (0.86 percent).
M. Salimi; A. Ebrahimi; Z. Shojaee Asadieh; S.S. Saei Dehkordi
Abstract
Due to side effects of chemical drugs, special attention is given to pharmaceutical plants recently. Mountainous celery with scientific name of Kelussia odoratissima Mozzaf., is one of the valuable pharmaceutical plants which is used in Iran seriously and is exposed to danger of extinction. This plant ...
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Due to side effects of chemical drugs, special attention is given to pharmaceutical plants recently. Mountainous celery with scientific name of Kelussia odoratissima Mozzaf., is one of the valuable pharmaceutical plants which is used in Iran seriously and is exposed to danger of extinction. This plant is indigenous of central Zagros Mountains (especially Chahar Mahal Bakhtiari province) and only has been observed in Iran. First, in order to consider the chemical constituents of this plant and discover its pharmaceutical characteristics, three ecotypes have been harvested. The ecotypes contained Kouhrang, Bazoft and Doaab Samsami ecotypes and samples were in 200 meter transact. In growth stage, samples were prepared for each ecotype and their essential oils were obtained by hydro-distillation. The essential oils were analysed by gas choromotography coupled with mass spectrometery and the major components of essential oils of three ecotypes were characterized. 24, 21 and 24 compounds were identified in the samples of Kouhrang, Bazoft and Doaab Samsami, respectively, which indicated 90.4%, 95.6% and 93.6% of total oils. Comparison of essential oils compositions showed the major compounds in all oils were Z-ligustilide, E-ligustilide, 3-n-butyl phthalide, kessane, spathulenol and globulol, which formed about 88.6% of them. The mean percentages of Z-ligustilide and butylidene phetalide in three ecotypes were 39.5% and 19.1%, respectively and these compounds totally presents 58.7% of the celery oil. Phetalid derivatives were 68.6% of celery oil.
I. Khammari; Sh.A. Sarani; M. Dahmardeh
Volume 23, Issue 3 , November 2007, , Pages 331-339
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate salt tolerance in Cyamopsis psoraloides, Cynara scolymus, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Cassia angustifolia, Ocimum basilicum and Hyssopus officinalis at germination stage. Salinity levels, including 0, 50, 100, and 200 mM were applied using a completely randomized design ...
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This study was conducted to evaluate salt tolerance in Cyamopsis psoraloides, Cynara scolymus, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Cassia angustifolia, Ocimum basilicum and Hyssopus officinalis at germination stage. Salinity levels, including 0, 50, 100, and 200 mM were applied using a completely randomized design with three replications. Germination percentage and rate were measured in the Petri dishes and root and shoot lengths were recorded at seeding stage. There was no germination for Hibiscus sabdariffa, Cassia angustifolia, Ocimum basilicum and Hyssopus officinalis at 200 mM NaCl. However, Cyamopsis psoraloides and Cynarascolymus showed seed germination at 200 mM NaCl. Higher salt tolerance potential in some species makes cultivation possible or other stress tolerant medicinal plants under saline environments.
A. Akbarinia; J. Daneshian; F. Mohmmadbiegi
Volume 22, Issue 4 , February 2007, , Pages 410-419
Abstract
In order to study the effect of nitrogen levels and plant density on seed yield, essential oil and oil content of Coriander seeds, an experiment was conducted in agricultural station of Qazvin and natural resources research center in 2005. The experiment was laid out by adopting split plot design with ...
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In order to study the effect of nitrogen levels and plant density on seed yield, essential oil and oil content of Coriander seeds, an experiment was conducted in agricultural station of Qazvin and natural resources research center in 2005. The experiment was laid out by adopting split plot design with four replications, main plots were nitrogen: 30, 60 and 90 kg/ha and subplots were plant density including: 20, 30, 40 and 50 plant/m2. Seed yield, essential oil, oil content and yield were determined. Results showed nitrogen and plant density effected on Seed yield, essential oil, fatty acids. With increasing of nitrogen to 60 kg/ha, there was a significant increase in seed yield. The seed yield was decreased with more nitrogen. But the highest essential oil content and fatty acids were obtained with 90 kg nitrogen /ha. With increasing of plant density, seed yield and oil content had a significant decrease. Seed yield and oil content were higher in 30 plant/m2, while essential oil was higher in 40 plant/m2 that there was no difference with 30 plant/m2 in this respect. Comparing of treatments showed that the highest seed yield and essential oil yield were obtained by using 60 kg nitrogen/ha while there was the highest essential oil content, content and yield of oil with the application of 90kg nitrogen/ha with 30 plant/m2.
A. Akbarinia; M. Khosravifard; M.B. Rezaee; E. Sharifi Ashoorabadi
Abstract
In order to study the autumn and spring cultivation of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), Ajowan (Carum copticum), Black cumin (Nigella sativa) and Anis (Pimpenella anisum) under irrigation and non-irrigation conditions an experimental bulk design with 4 replications was conducted in Alamut medicinal ...
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In order to study the autumn and spring cultivation of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), Ajowan (Carum copticum), Black cumin (Nigella sativa) and Anis (Pimpenella anisum) under irrigation and non-irrigation conditions an experimental bulk design with 4 replications was conducted in Alamut medicinal plant research station in 2000 and 2001. Each medicinal plant was studied in a separate experiment. Treatments were included: autumn + irrigation, autumn + non–irrigation, spring + irrigation and spring + non-irrigation. The results showed significant different responses mentioned plants planting season Fennel and black cumin had earlier spring growth, more shoot, seed weight, and more seed yield because of better establishment in autumn. While ajowan and anis autumn planting could not be successful because of damping off, so their planting can only be practical in spring. All plants were better in respect of height; seed weight and seed yield in irrigation compared with non-irrigation condition. There was less difference between seed yield of fennel in irrigation and non-irrigation condition in autumn planting. Fennel and black cumin had 1703 and 1298 in irrigation, 948 and 447 kg/ha in non-irrigation condition in autumn planting. Also ajowan and anis had 1147, 1120 in irrigation and 312 and 361 kg/ha in non-irrigation condition in spring planting. Result of Pearson Correlation Coefficient about black cumin showed that there were significant correlations among all of the traits.
A. Akbarinia; M. Khosravifard; E. Sharifi Ashoorabadi; P. Babakhanlou
Abstract
The effects of irrigation regimes on yield and agronomic characteristics of black cumin (Nigella sativa) were studied at the medicinal plants Research station of Qazvin Agricultural and natuoral resources research center during the years 1997 and 1998. A compele randomized block design(CRBD)with three ...
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The effects of irrigation regimes on yield and agronomic characteristics of black cumin (Nigella sativa) were studied at the medicinal plants Research station of Qazvin Agricultural and natuoral resources research center during the years 1997 and 1998. A compele randomized block design(CRBD)with three replications was used. The treatments comprised four irrigation periods, 7, 14 , 21 interval days and without irrigation.The characteristits studied include of plant height, 1000 grains weight, number of capsule per plant, number of seeds per capsule, seed/capsule weight ratio and seed yield. Results showed that irrigation perriods in each of two years significantly affected effects plant height, number of capsule per plant, number of seed per plant and seed yield. The seven- day irrigation interval had the highest seed yield (1118kgha-1). There was no difference between treatments in respect of 1000 grains weight and grain/capsule weight ratio. However in water deficit and non- irrigation condition, plant showed resistance to the drought and produced crop with minimum soil moisture of the measured parameters, there was a significant correlation between yield, plant height, number of capsule per plant and number of seed per capsule.
K. Sartavi; F. Gholamian
Volume 20, Issue 2 , July 2004, , Pages 213-227
Abstract
Bushehr province with an area of about 25360 sq. is beside Persian Gulf. This province is divided in two parts plain regions and mountains regions. Soil of plain regions is salt and sandy-laom and soil of mountains regions is sandy-soil often sandy-laom and alluvial. At first collection and identification ...
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Bushehr province with an area of about 25360 sq. is beside Persian Gulf. This province is divided in two parts plain regions and mountains regions. Soil of plain regions is salt and sandy-laom and soil of mountains regions is sandy-soil often sandy-laom and alluvial. At first collection and identification of medicinal plants in Bushehr province with seven town ships which divided to four regions. This project performedfor four years (1995 – 1999). In this research 70 species of medicinal plants were collected and identified. They classified in 40 genus. 32 species were herbaceous, 17 bush, 12 shrubs, 7 trees and 2 tubers. Scintific name, altitude and distribiution were mentioned in this paper.
M. Khayyami; A. Borjian
Volume 19, Issue 1 , May 2003, , Pages 101-110
Abstract
The ability of bacteria to develop resistance to antibiotics has become a signification problem in the treatment and control of diseases. Some of the plants however, show antibacterial effects. The extracts of these plants are natural products and do not cause any risk to human body and could be replace ...
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The ability of bacteria to develop resistance to antibiotics has become a signification problem in the treatment and control of diseases. Some of the plants however, show antibacterial effects. The extracts of these plants are natural products and do not cause any risk to human body and could be replace antibiotics. In this study we investigated the antibacterial effects of Allium hirtifolium, A. kharputens and A.chrysantherum on three strains of bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, S.epidermidis, Escherichia coli. The plants were collected from vicinity of urmia, Mahabad and Sardasht in west Azerbaijan. “Disk Diffusion Method” used the extracts of dry bulbs against bacteria. The samples matched with antibiotics recently recommended against our selected bacteria. The result showed that the extracts of Allium hirtifolium had high effect on all the three bacteria but extract of two other plants had not a significant effect on used bacteria.
A. Akbarinia; A. Ghalavand; Z. Tahmasebnbi; F. Sefidcon; E. Sharifi; M.B. Rezaii
Volume 18, Issue 1 , February 2003, , Pages 89-109
Abstract
This experiment was conducted on 2001 and 2002 in reseach farm of Qazvin Agriculture Research Station, in order to study the effect of different rates of nitrogen, Phosphorus (Conventional system), manure (Organic system) and mixture of them (Integrated system) on seed yield and essential oil content ...
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This experiment was conducted on 2001 and 2002 in reseach farm of Qazvin Agriculture Research Station, in order to study the effect of different rates of nitrogen, Phosphorus (Conventional system), manure (Organic system) and mixture of them (Integrated system) on seed yield and essential oil content of Ajowan (Carum copticum). The experimental design was used randomized complete blocks with three replication. Treatments included: different rates of N and P (as mixture) with 4 levels, different rates of manure with 3 lebvels, mixture of N, P and distillation method. The results showed that increase in N and P fertilizer up to 90 and 60 kg/ha respectively, was followed by seed yield increase but fertilizers had no effect on the essential oil content. Also, seed yield essential oil content increased as a result of increase in manure application. In general integrated treatments in respect of seed yeild and essential oil yield were higher than other treatments.
