L. Safaei; E. Sharifi Ashoorabadi; D. Afiuni; S. Davazdah Emami; A.A. Shoaii
Abstract
In order to study the effects of different methods of soil fertilization on thyme (Thymus daenensis Celak), a research was carried out during 2007- 2010 in Research Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources, Esfahan. The experiment was laid out as a split plot in a randomized complete block design ...
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In order to study the effects of different methods of soil fertilization on thyme (Thymus daenensis Celak), a research was carried out during 2007- 2010 in Research Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources, Esfahan. The experiment was laid out as a split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments were four fertilizing systems including NPK in three levels of N=100, P=50 and k=50, N=150, P=100 and k=100, N=200, P=150 and k=150 in conventional cropping systems, four levels of manure fertilizer (5, 15, 25 and 35 ton/ha) in organic method, and combination of chemical and manure fertilizers in four levels (N=80, P=64 and k=64 Kg/ha with 5 ton/ha manure fertilizer, N=60, P=48 and k=48 Kg/ha with 15 ton/ha manure fertilizer, N=40, P=32 and k=32 Kg/ha with 25 ton/ha manure fertilizer, N=20, P=16 and k=16 Kg/ha with 35 ton/ha manure fertilizer in intermediate nutrition management and control. Based on the results, shoot dry yield and oil yield in intermediate nutrition treatment were higher as compared to other treatments.Also the highest shoot dry yield and oil yield was obtained from the first harvesting stage. The first harvesting stage of intermediate nutrition treatment (combination of 35 ton/ha manure and NPK= 40- 32- 32 Kg/ha) in the second year, had the highest amount of shoot dry yield and oil yield (2597.78 and 81.63 kg/ha, respectively). Therefore, in comparison with control, shoot dry yield and oil yield increased by 112.73% and 163.32%, respectively. A positive and significant correlation was observed between shoot dry yield and oil yield, essential oil percentage and dry weight to wet weight ratio. Consequently, the combination of NPK and manure fertilizers could be recommended as a suitable nutrition source for plant as well as the improvement of soil structure.
S. Davazdahemami; F. Sefidkon; M.R. Jahansooz; D. Mazaheri
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effects of water salinity on ajowan (Carum copticum L.), a completely randomized design was conducted in Esfahan province in 2007. Eight water salinity treatments (0.3-21 dS/m) with 3 replications were applied in the field. The seeds (at ripening) and foliage (initial flowering) ...
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In order to evaluate the effects of water salinity on ajowan (Carum copticum L.), a completely randomized design was conducted in Esfahan province in 2007. Eight water salinity treatments (0.3-21 dS/m) with 3 replications were applied in the field. The seeds (at ripening) and foliage (initial flowering) of ajowan were harvested. After drying the plant materials in shade, their essential oils were obtained by hydro-distillation. The oils were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography, using flame ionization and mass spectrometric detection. According to results seed and foliage oils percentage were 3.5-4.4 and 0.25-0.35 cc/100 g, respectively. Maximum seed and foliage oils yield were 8.3 and 2.4 cc/m2 and minimum were 3.5 and 1.5 cc/m2 in control and in 21 dS/m, respectively. Maximum biological and seed yields were 202.7 and 1367.6 and minimum were 96.7 and 739.5 gr/m2 in control and 21dS/m, respectively. The most important constituents of essential oil were: thymol (55.5% and 56.2%), γ-terpinene (22.5% and 26.9%), ρ-cymene (14.2% and 11.2%), limonene (1.9% and 0.5%) and carvacrol (0.3% and 1.4%), respectively.
P. Sarkheil; M. Omidi; S.A. Peyghambari; S. Davazdahemami
Abstract
Seeds were cultured on Whatman paper by sterile water in cube, solid MS and solid MS. Seeds were not germinated on medium but 80% of seeds were germinated on Whatman paper, so this method is used as a basic method. Seeds were germinated after four days and after two weeks of culture they had normal roots, ...
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Seeds were cultured on Whatman paper by sterile water in cube, solid MS and solid MS. Seeds were not germinated on medium but 80% of seeds were germinated on Whatman paper, so this method is used as a basic method. Seeds were germinated after four days and after two weeks of culture they had normal roots, shoots and leaves. Cultures were incubated at 25◦ ±2◦C and exposed to 16 hours light per day. Explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 3% sucrose and solidified with 0.8% (w/v) agar. The pH of the medium was adjusted to 5.8 before autoclaving. Different types of explants were used for this experiment; root, crown, apical meristem, hypocotyls and leaf. Between different kinds of explants leaf didn’t response to callogenesis. The effects of different combinations of 2,4-D (2,4-Diclorophenoxy acetic acid) and BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine) were studied. Subculture was done every 3 weeks. In order to determine regeneration ability, the initiated callus were transferred to a regeneration medium which was composed of macronutrient, micronutrient and organic components of MS, 2,4-D (0.2 mgL-1), BAP (0.5, 2, 4, 15, 20 and 25 mgL-1) and MS without hormones, 0/3% sucrose, pH 5.8 for 4 weeks. In the presence of 2,4-D (2 and 4 mgL-1) and BAP (0.25 and 0.5 mgL-1) in the callus induction medium, high callus production percentage was reported. The hypocotyls, in contrast to the primary leaf explants, and apical meristem segments were more responsive to the tested combinations of 2,4-D and BAP. The callus from all explants was soft, watery and loose friable. During subculture period, hypocotyls and apical meristem were proliferated more on medium with the addition of (0.25 and 0.5 mgL-1) BAP and (2 and 4 mgL-1) 2,4-D than the medium contain BAP (1 mgL-1) and 2,4-D (8 mgL-1). The present study, in F. vulgare MS media without any hormone was sufficient to regenerate the plantlet from the hypocotyls, roots and apical meristems explants. In MS medium supplemented with BAP (0.5, 2 and 4 mgL-1) and 2,4-D (0.2 mgL-1) shoots were formed earlier when the number of subculture was increased 4 times.
S. Davazdahemami1; F. Sefidkon; M.R. Jahansooz; D. Mazaheri
Volume 24, Issue 3 , November 2008, , Pages 263-270
Abstract
In order to compare biological yield, essential oil content, composition and phonological stages of moldavian balm in three planting date seasons, a completely randomized design with three replications was conducted in 2006-2007 in Isfahan province. Biological yield per date and area unit, allocation ...
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In order to compare biological yield, essential oil content, composition and phonological stages of moldavian balm in three planting date seasons, a completely randomized design with three replications was conducted in 2006-2007 in Isfahan province. Biological yield per date and area unit, allocation index, percentage and yield of essential oil, dry matter to fresh matter ratio and essence components and period of sowing to flowering were measured. According to results, the majority of seedlings were injured in autumn planting date (November). Fresh and dry biological yields, essential oil quality per m2 of moldavian balm had significant differences and in spring (March) were 12.7 kg, 10.3cc and 4.1kg and in summer (June) were 4.1, 1 kg and 4.1cc, respectively. Essential oil quantity were significantly higher than summer sowing date (June). 46.7% and 62.2% fresh biological matter changed to dry matter in spring sowing date and summer sowing date, respectively. Sum of five major components (neral, geraniol, geranial, neryl acetate and geranyl acetate) in essence were 92% and 64.4% in spring and summer sowing date and maximum change was seen in geranyl acetate (from 35.3% in spring to 14% in summer). Growth periods from sowing to flowering stage were 122 and 61 days in spring and summer sowing date, respectively. Thus, summer sowing date is comparable with spring sowing date.
