L. Safaei; E. Sharifi Ashoorabadi; D. Afiuni; S. Davazdah Emami; A.A. Shoaii
Abstract
In order to study the effects of different methods of soil fertilization on thyme (Thymus daenensis Celak), a research was carried out during 2007- 2010 in Research Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources, Esfahan. The experiment was laid out as a split plot in a randomized complete block design ...
Read More
In order to study the effects of different methods of soil fertilization on thyme (Thymus daenensis Celak), a research was carried out during 2007- 2010 in Research Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources, Esfahan. The experiment was laid out as a split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments were four fertilizing systems including NPK in three levels of N=100, P=50 and k=50, N=150, P=100 and k=100, N=200, P=150 and k=150 in conventional cropping systems, four levels of manure fertilizer (5, 15, 25 and 35 ton/ha) in organic method, and combination of chemical and manure fertilizers in four levels (N=80, P=64 and k=64 Kg/ha with 5 ton/ha manure fertilizer, N=60, P=48 and k=48 Kg/ha with 15 ton/ha manure fertilizer, N=40, P=32 and k=32 Kg/ha with 25 ton/ha manure fertilizer, N=20, P=16 and k=16 Kg/ha with 35 ton/ha manure fertilizer in intermediate nutrition management and control. Based on the results, shoot dry yield and oil yield in intermediate nutrition treatment were higher as compared to other treatments.Also the highest shoot dry yield and oil yield was obtained from the first harvesting stage. The first harvesting stage of intermediate nutrition treatment (combination of 35 ton/ha manure and NPK= 40- 32- 32 Kg/ha) in the second year, had the highest amount of shoot dry yield and oil yield (2597.78 and 81.63 kg/ha, respectively). Therefore, in comparison with control, shoot dry yield and oil yield increased by 112.73% and 163.32%, respectively. A positive and significant correlation was observed between shoot dry yield and oil yield, essential oil percentage and dry weight to wet weight ratio. Consequently, the combination of NPK and manure fertilizers could be recommended as a suitable nutrition source for plant as well as the improvement of soil structure.
F. Askari; E. Sharifi Ashorabadi; M. Mirza; M. Teimouri; E. Ehsani
Abstract
This research was aimed to investigate the effect of collection locality and essential oil concentration of Thymus pubescens Boiss. & Kotschy ex Celak on antimicrobial activity against some microorganisms. The statistical design used in this study was a factorial experiment in a completely randomized ...
Read More
This research was aimed to investigate the effect of collection locality and essential oil concentration of Thymus pubescens Boiss. & Kotschy ex Celak on antimicrobial activity against some microorganisms. The statistical design used in this study was a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with four replications. In this experiment, collection locality at six levels including the habitats of West Azarbaijan, Tehran, Zanjan, Qazvin, Kurdistan and Guilan, essential oil dilution at three levels including one fifth (1:5), one twenty-fifth (1:25), one fiftieth (1:50) and comparison with the antibiotics of ciprofloxacin and ceftizoxime, and studied microorganisms at five levels including Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeroginosa and Candida albicans were investigated. The seeds were collected from different habitats and cultivated in the field of Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands. The essential oil was isolated from shoots by hydro-distillation. Chemical compositions of the oils were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The essential oil yield obtained from different localities varied between 0.39% to 0.83% (w/w). The major constituents of the essential oil obtained from the samples collected from West Azarbaijan, Tehran, Zanjan, Qazvin, Kurdistan and Guilan were as follows: West Azarbaijan: E-caryophyllene (26.0%) and camphor (24.2%); Tehran: geranial (30.9%) and geranyl acetate (23.9%); Zanjan: linalool (23.5%) and 1,8-cineol (22.2%); Qazvin: thymol (30.3%) and carvacrol (30.1%); Kurdistan: linalool (17.2%) and geranyl acetate (12.7%), and Guilan: α–terpineol (31.2%) and geraniol (11.2%). Analysis of variance of inhibition zone diameter of T. pubescence essential oil showed significant difference (p<0.05) among collection locality, microorganism type, essential oil dilution and their interaction. Mean comparisons of the collection locality, microorganism type and essential oil dilution showed that the highest inhibition zone diameter (35.5mm) was recorded for the essential oil obtained from West Azarbaijan, ciprofloxacin against Bacillus subtilis. The lowest inhibition zone diameter (8.0 mm) was observed in the essential oil obtained from West Azerbaijan with essential oil dilution of 1:50 against P. aeruginosa. According to the MIC and MBC results, the most and the least antimicrobial activity was recorded for the essential oils obtained from the seeds collected from Tehran and Kurdistan, respectively.
G.M. Garivani; E. Sharifi Ashoorabadi; S. Safari; M. Mirza
Abstract
This research was aimed to evaluate the effect of cultivation and domestication of two thyme (Thymus L.) species, Khorasani (Thymu stranscaspicus) and garden (Thymus vulgaris), on growth and yield components. The study was conducted in different agricultural ecosystems of North Khorasan province during ...
Read More
This research was aimed to evaluate the effect of cultivation and domestication of two thyme (Thymus L.) species, Khorasani (Thymu stranscaspicus) and garden (Thymus vulgaris), on growth and yield components. The study was conducted in different agricultural ecosystems of North Khorasan province during 2005-2009. The main treatments consisted of harvesting time in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results showed that the number, order and extent of the main chemical compounds in both species of thyme did not differ much. However, the quantitative properties measured in both species were affected by different stages of harvest in each year. The highest dry weight in both species was obtained at the end of flowering stage in all years. Harvesting time had different effects on species composition of essential oil in the studied years. The highest efficiency of essential oil was recorded in mid-flowering stage especially in third year. The quantity of essential oil is the economic indicator of thyme performance. Garden thyme (T. vulgaris) produced more essential oil as compared to Khorasani thyme (T. transcaspicus).
F. Nikkhah; F. Sefidkon; E. Sharifi Ashoorabadi
Abstract
The aerial parts of Thymus vulgaris were collected in three stages of plant growth (before flowering, at the beginning and full flowering stage) from Research Field of Shahid Beheshti University (Tehran) at spring. The plant materials were dried in shade and their essential oils were isolated by hydro-distillation ...
Read More
The aerial parts of Thymus vulgaris were collected in three stages of plant growth (before flowering, at the beginning and full flowering stage) from Research Field of Shahid Beheshti University (Tehran) at spring. The plant materials were dried in shade and their essential oils were isolated by hydro-distillation in three replications. In addition, the essential oils of plant materials at full flowering stage were obtained by water-steam distillation and direct steam distillation. The oil yields were calculated based on dried weigh and compared by statistic analysis. The oils were analyzed by capillary GC and GC/MS. Statistic analysis showed different stages of plant growth and different distillation methods had significant effect on oil yield. The highest oil yield was obtained at the beginning of flowering (1.18% w/w). Among distillation methods, the highest oil yield was obtained by direct steam distillation (1.20%). Analysis and identification of components showed thymol, P-cymene and g-terpinene as main compounds in all samples. The percentage of thymol at the beginning and full flowering stage was the same, but at the beginning of flowering was lower. There was no remarkable difference between different distillation methods for producing thymol, but by hydro-distillation the thymol amount was little higher. Based on the results of this investigation it can be concluded that the beginning of flowering and hydro-distillation are the best for obtaining the higher oil content and thymol percentage.
E. Sharifi Ashoorabadi; M.H. Lebaschy; A. Matin; B. Naderi; M. Rezaei; M. Gholypoor; K. Alizadeh Anaraki; B. Allahverdi
Abstract
In order to study the effects of irrigation and dry farming condition on growth indices of yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) an experiment was carried out in Alborz Research Center during 2005-2006. In the first year after planting, the plants viability investigated in dry farming condition and growth ...
Read More
In order to study the effects of irrigation and dry farming condition on growth indices of yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) an experiment was carried out in Alborz Research Center during 2005-2006. In the first year after planting, the plants viability investigated in dry farming condition and growth physiological indices were determined. In the second year, the treatments were irrigated based on total accumulated evaporation from class A pan namely at the rate of 30 mm (mild stress), 60 mm (medium stress), 90 mm (severe stress), full irrigation (no stress) and no irrigation (control). For each treatment, the soil moisture content was measured by weighting method (daily) before and after applying irrigation treatments. The amount of water requires for each treatment was measured by water meter.In the second year, the growth physiological indices were also determined. The results showed that, at the first year, dry matter cumulated to 2250 GDD then reduced during growth. In second year, the plants with no irrigation were died. In other treatments, by increasing soil moisture from severe to medium, the dry mater cumulative and Leaf area index increased. In all of the stress treatments, decreasing in plant growth was observed in 3000 GDD. The results showed that, mild water stress had highest performance than other treatments.
M.H. Lebaschy; M. Bakhtiari Ramezani; E. Sharifi Ashoorabadi
Volume 24, Issue 4 , February 2009, , Pages 444-454
Abstract
In order to study the effects of plant density on growth indices of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) an expriment was conducted in Homand Research Station of Pasture under a Completely Randamized Block Design with 5 repelications in 2004. The treatments were 29, 20 and 14 plants/m2. The effects of ...
Read More
In order to study the effects of plant density on growth indices of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) an expriment was conducted in Homand Research Station of Pasture under a Completely Randamized Block Design with 5 repelications in 2004. The treatments were 29, 20 and 14 plants/m2. The effects of C. tinctorius plantlets densities on some growth indices including DM, LAI, RGR and CGR, according to Growing Degree Days were evaluated. The results showed that the max. DM and LAI were 684 gr/m2 and 1.3 in 29 plant/m2 treatment respectively. In the highest density the DM, LAI and CGR were high in the beginning and middle of growth periods but RGR was low in the lowest density. The maximum RGR and CGR were observed in low density. Growth potential of Carthamus tinctorius is considrable as an industrial and medicinal plant with the acceptable growth indices in Damavand dry farming system with the semi suitable rain fall and distribution.
B. Abbaszadeh; E. Sharifi Ashourabadi; M.H. Lebaschi; M. Naderi hajibagher Kandy; F. Moghadami
Abstract
In this research effect of drought stress on physiological characteristics of balm (Melissa officinalis L.) was performed under field condition in Karaj, Iran in 2005. Experiment was conducted using randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Treatment included T1 (non stress), T2 (80%FC), ...
Read More
In this research effect of drought stress on physiological characteristics of balm (Melissa officinalis L.) was performed under field condition in Karaj, Iran in 2005. Experiment was conducted using randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Treatment included T1 (non stress), T2 (80%FC), T3 (60%FC), T4 (40%FC) and T5 (20%FC). Effect of drought stress on chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, proline, soluble sugars, relative water contents, percentage and yield of essential oil were significant (α=0.001). Effect of drought stress on total chlorophyll was significant (α=0.005). Comparison of treatment means showed that highest chlorophyll a (1.921mg/l), chlorophyll b (1.197mg/l), total chlorophyll (2/283mg/l) were related to T1 (control), T5 (20%FC) and T1 (control), respectively. Highest accumulation of proline with 2.545 mg/l mean was related to T3 (60%FC). Maximum relative water content with 93.369 mean percentage related to T1 (control). It could be concluded that plant accumulation of proline and solublesugars increased tolerance and showed that moderate drought stress is beneficial for balm production.
A. Alizadeh Sahzabi; E. Sharifi Ashorabadi; A.H. Shiranirad; B. Abaszadeh
Volume 23, Issue 3 , November 2007, , Pages 416-431
Abstract
The effect of applying different methods and nitrogen levels on yield and essential oil of savagery (Satureja hortensis L.) was investigated using a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with 3 replications in 2005, Karaj, Iran. The treatments included application of solid nitrogen ...
Read More
The effect of applying different methods and nitrogen levels on yield and essential oil of savagery (Satureja hortensis L.) was investigated using a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with 3 replications in 2005, Karaj, Iran. The treatments included application of solid nitrogen in soil with 4 levels 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha and spray of nitrogen on foliage with 4 levels 0, 4.5, 6 and 7.5 percent. The nitrogen applied three times equally. The results showed, effect of treatments on biological yield, plant height, essential oil percentage, flowering shoot yield, number of lateral branch (P< 0.01) and harvest index were significant (P<0.05). Interaction of treatments on essential oil percentage, essential oil yield, flowering shoot yield (P<0.01) and biological yield (P<0.05) were significant. This experiment found that applying 100 kg pure nitrogen in soil with 4.5% produced highest biological yield, seed and flowering shoot with means of 4424, 875.3 and 1855 kg ha-1, respectively. The results showed, increase of nitrogen application caused decrease of essential oil percentage. Highest essential oil percentage related to application of 6% of nitrogen solution with mean of 2.13%. Utilization of 150 kg of solid nitrogen with 7.5% of nitrogen solution produced highest plant height with mean of 66.88 cm, highest lateral branch with mean of 18 and highest essential oil yield with mean of 33.7 kg ha-1. Highest harvest index related to control with mean of 25.98%. The results showed that use of sprayed nitrogen on foliage decrease nitrogen application. Therefore, this method could be suitable for sustainable agriculture.
F. Safikhani; H. Heydarye sharifabadi; S.A. Syadat; E. Sharifi ashorabadi; S.M. Syednedjad; B. Abbaszadeh
Volume 23, Issue 2 , August 2007, , Pages 183-194
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of drought stress on yield and morphologic characteristics of Deracocephalum moldavica L. under field condition, this research wsa conducted in 2004-2005 at Alborz station. Experiment was carried out in a split plot with randomized complete block design with four replications. ...
Read More
In order to investigate the effect of drought stress on yield and morphologic characteristics of Deracocephalum moldavica L. under field condition, this research wsa conducted in 2004-2005 at Alborz station. Experiment was carried out in a split plot with randomized complete block design with four replications. Main factors consisted of three plant populations of Deracocephalum moldavica L. which were collected from Tehran, Esfahan and Farse provinces. Subplots consisted of three level of drought stress (100%, 60% and 40% Fc). The results showed the effect of different plant population on morphological characteristics and yield were not significant. Effect of drought stress on length, cross and leaf surface, high plant, stem diameter, lateral shoot, length of highest internodes, weight of 1000 grain and flower shoot, leaf, stem and biological yield were significant. Mean of treatments showed that control (without drought stress treatments) at first and second years were 4126 and 4033 kg/ha of flower shoot and 4929 and 4921 kg/ha biological yield had significant differences with other drought levels. Mean of interaction effects of main and sub plots not showed significant difference for shoot flower production. Highest biological yield was related to controls of three plant population which were different to other treatments. It could be included from this investigation that mild stress could be applied in complete flower stage harvest.
M.R. Ardakani; B. Abbaszadeh; E. Sharifi Ashourabadi; M.H. Lebaschi; F. Packnejad
Volume 23, Issue 2 , August 2007, , Pages 251-261
Abstract
In order to study drought stress effect on quantitative and qualitative features of balm (Melissa officinalis L.) a research was conducted under field condition in Karaj, Iran in 2005. Experiment was conducted using Randomized Complete Block Design with 4 replications. Treatment included T1 (non stress), ...
Read More
In order to study drought stress effect on quantitative and qualitative features of balm (Melissa officinalis L.) a research was conducted under field condition in Karaj, Iran in 2005. Experiment was conducted using Randomized Complete Block Design with 4 replications. Treatment included T1 (non stress), T2 (80%FC), T3 (60%FC), T4 (40%FC) and T5 (20%FC). Effect of drought stress on shoot yield, essential oil yield, percentage of essential oil, leaf and stem yield, height, tiller number, length and width of leaf, stem diameter and internodes was significant (α=0.001). Effect of drought stress on number of lateral stem was not significant. Comparison of treatment means showed that highest shoot yield was related to T1 (non Stress) (6469kg/ha), highest essential oil (12.970 kg/ha) and highest essential oil percentage (0.3012%) was related to T4 (40%FC) and T5 (20%FC), respectively. Highest height (65.32 cm), leaf length (6.27 cm) and width (4.58 cm) were related to T1 (non stress). Highest stem diameter was related to T5 (20%FC). It could be concluded that moderate drought stress is beneficial for balm essential oil.
F. Safikhani; H. Heydari sharifabad; A. Syadat; E. Sharifi Ashorabadi; S.M. Syednedjad; B. Abbaszadeh
Volume 23, Issue 1 , May 2007, , Pages 86-99
Abstract
In order to investigation effect of drought stress essential oil percent and yield and physiological characteristics of medicinal plant Deracocephalum moldavica L. under greenhouse. This research performed in 2004-2005 at research institute of forests and rangelands. Experiment was carried out in a split ...
Read More
In order to investigation effect of drought stress essential oil percent and yield and physiological characteristics of medicinal plant Deracocephalum moldavica L. under greenhouse. This research performed in 2004-2005 at research institute of forests and rangelands. Experiment was carried out in a split plot under randomize complete block design with four replications. Main factors were contains of three populations of Deracocephalum moldavica L. that collected from Tehran, Esfahan and Fars provinces. Subplots were contains three level of drought stress 100% Fc, 60% Fc and 40% Fc. The results showed that effect of different populations not significant. The results showed that effect of drought stress on essence yield, amount of solution carbohydrates, amount of a, b and total chlorophyll at two years were significant. So effect of drought stress on proline in second year was significant. The results analysis variation of two years showed that effect of year on essential oil percent and proline amount was significant (α=1%). Comparison mean of treatments showed that at first year highest of essence yield, solution carbohydrate and chlorophyll respectively related to 60%, 40% and 100% of field capacity treatments. At second year highest proline amount, solution carbohydrate and chlorophyll respectively related to 40%, 40% and 100% of field capacity treatments. Comparison mean treatments of plant populations and different levels of drought stress showed that at first year highest of essential oil percent related to Esfahan seed*60% humidity of field capacity. Highest chlorophyll relate to 100% humidity of field capacity in three ecotypes. At second year highest solution carbohydrate and chlorophyll respectively related to 40% and 100% of field capacity in three populations.
