Improvement and breeding
R. Zandi; M.H. Mirjalili; Gh. Eghlima; A. Sonboli; H. Rezadoost
Abstract
Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz-Bip.) is a perennial medicinal plant from Asteraceae family and a rich source of sesquiterpene lactone parthenolide with anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-spasm, and especially anti-migraine properties. In this study, the aerial parts of five wild populations ...
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Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz-Bip.) is a perennial medicinal plant from Asteraceae family and a rich source of sesquiterpene lactone parthenolide with anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-spasm, and especially anti-migraine properties. In this study, the aerial parts of five wild populations of this plant were harvested from Mazandaran (Marzanabad, Siah Bisheh, and Valiabad) and Tehran (Ahar and Gachsar) provinces at full flowering stage in 2020 to evaluate their morphological traits and parthenolide content. The results showed a significant difference at 1% probability level among the studied populations for all the traits. The highest plant height (130 cm), flower dry weight (8.60 g.plant-1), and parthenolide content (0.33 mg.g-1 dry weight) were observed in Gachsar, Siah Bisheh, and Marzanabad populations, respectively. Parthenolide content correlated with leaf length, number of lateral branches, and crown diameter negatively and with number of capitols positively and significantly at 5% probability level. Cluster analysis put the feverfew populations in two main groups. Principal coordinate analysis showed that the first three factors could explain 93.06% of the total variance. Overall, the results indicated the existence of high diversity in feverfew populations for use in breeding programs and cultivation and domestication of this species.
Phytochemistry (extraction, identification and measurement of active components)
S. Parsafar; Gh. Eghlima; M.H. Mirjalili; S. Nejad Ebrahimi; J. Hadian
Abstract
The morphological, yield, and phytochemical characteristics of Solidago virgaurea L. were studied at the full flowering stage in two habitats of Pol Sefid and Sang Deh in Mazandaran province in 2019. The traits including plant height, plant diameter, inflorescence length, number of stems, length and ...
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The morphological, yield, and phytochemical characteristics of Solidago virgaurea L. were studied at the full flowering stage in two habitats of Pol Sefid and Sang Deh in Mazandaran province in 2019. The traits including plant height, plant diameter, inflorescence length, number of stems, length and leaf width, length and ray floret width, tubular floret length, flower diameter, receptacle diameter, stem diameter, fresh and plant dry weight, fresh and leaf dry weight, fresh and stem dry weight, fresh and leaf+flower dry weight, and total phenols (by Folin-Ciocalteu method), flavonoids (by aluminum chloride method), and leiocarposide (by HPLC) contents were measured. The results showed that the highest amounts of inflorescence length (40 cm), flower diameter (21.1 mm), plant dry weight (9.44 g plant-1), flower dry weight (6.06 g plant-1), flower+leaf dry weight (7.22 g plant-1), and stem dry weight (2.22 g plant-1) were obtained in the population "Pol Sefid". A positive and significant correlation was observed between the plant dry weight and traits including the plant height, number of stems, stem diameter, flower diameter, plant fresh weight, fresh and leaf dry weight, fresh and stem dry weight, fresh and leaf+flower dry weight, and total flavonoids. The content of total phenols (26.95 mg Gallic acid/g DW), total flavonoids (8.82 mg Rutin/g DW), and leiocarposide (2.08 mg/g DW) was higher in the population "Sang Deh" than "Pol Sefid".
H. Nouri Dashlibroon; S. Khorasaninejad; S.J. Mousavizadeh; M.H. Mirjalili
Abstract
number of sub leaves (leaves on sub-branches), number of internodes on main stems, number of lateral stems, spike length on the main panicle, number of spikes, number of flowers per panicle, fresh and dry weight of aerial parts, fresh and dry weight of roots, root length, leaf area, internode length, ...
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number of sub leaves (leaves on sub-branches), number of internodes on main stems, number of lateral stems, spike length on the main panicle, number of spikes, number of flowers per panicle, fresh and dry weight of aerial parts, fresh and dry weight of roots, root length, leaf area, internode length, total phenol content, total flavonoids content, antioxidant activity, total sugar content and chlorophyll quality were measured. The results of the analysis of variance showed that the studied treatments had a significant effect on all traits except the number of main leaves, the number of internodes on main stems, and root length. The means comparison showed that with increasing the concentration and period of colchicine application, height of aerial parts, internode length, the number of flowers per panicle, and total sugar content decreased and spike length on the main panicle and total phenol content increased. Based on the results of flow cytometric analysis, the mean genome size was 0.73 pg in plants treated with colchicine at a concentration of 0.4% for 48 hours, while the mean genome size in the control plants was 0.55 pg. Plants in other treatments showed a mean genome size of 0.57. In general, the results of this experiment showed a positive response of L. stricta to colchicine for the induction of polyploidy and the possibility of using this method in the future breeding of this plant.
M. Valizadeh; A. Bagheri; J. Valizadeh; M.H. Mirjalili; N. Moshtaghi
Abstract
Withania coagulans (Stocks) Dunal (fam. Solanaceae) is a multipurpose medicinal plant, mainly distributed in southeastern parts of Sistan and Baluchestan province. The important medicinal properties of W. coagulans are attributed to the presence of steroidal lactones called withanolides. Among withanoloids, ...
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Withania coagulans (Stocks) Dunal (fam. Solanaceae) is a multipurpose medicinal plant, mainly distributed in southeastern parts of Sistan and Baluchestan province. The important medicinal properties of W. coagulans are attributed to the presence of steroidal lactones called withanolides. Among withanoloids, withaferin A is an important phytoconstituent showing antitumor, antiangiogenesis and apoptosis induction properties. This study was aimed to investigate the variability of phytochemical composition of Withania coagulans roots. Twenty accessions of W. coagulans roots, collected from different natural habits of Sistan and Baluchestan province, were used in the present study. Thewithaferin A was assayed through thin layer chromatography (TLC) method andphytochemical estimation was carried out by standard methodologies to detect the presence of secondary metabolites, like total phenol, flavonoids and anthocyanin. Our findings revealed that withaferin A was found in all accessions collected from different natural habits. The photochemical investigation showed the presence of flavonoids (5.70-6.50%), anthocyanin (4.51-9.51µmol/g) and total phenol (14.91-23.7µgGAE/mgD.W), varying significantly among the habitats (p<0.05). In the present study, TLC analysis confirms the exsistance of withaferin A in all W. coagulans accessions as well as the potential of Sistan and Baluchestan natural habits to produce this valuable component. However, the root extracts of W. coagulans, growing in natural habitats of Iran, have higher phenolic content. Hence, it can be used as a source of natural components for the pharmaceutical and food industries.
M. Valizadeh; A. Bagheri; J. Valizadeh; M.H. Mirjalili; N. Moshtaghi
Abstract
Development and implementation of effective programs to conservation, reclamation and efficient utilization of valuable plant species seem to have a special importance. To achieve this goal, ecological characteristics of important plant species, forming natural vegetation, need to be detected and recognized. ...
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Development and implementation of effective programs to conservation, reclamation and efficient utilization of valuable plant species seem to have a special importance. To achieve this goal, ecological characteristics of important plant species, forming natural vegetation, need to be detected and recognized. Withania coagulans (Stocks) Dunal, belonging to the Solanaceae family, has received much attention in recent years due to the presence of a large number of steroidal lactones, known as withanolides. One of the most important withanolides is withaferin A, having anticancer properties. To study the autecology of W. coagulans, its habitats in Sistan and Baluchestan region were identified and habit characteristics including climate, soil physical and chemical properties, altitude, slope gradient, aspect and phenological stage were investigated in several locations. Results showed that this plant is exclusively distributed in limited areas of the province. The climate of the study area is arid based on Demarton aridity index. Average annual rainfall is 124.8 mm with a relative humidity of 32% and average temperature of 24.2 C°. This species is mainly (45%) distributed at an altitude of 1200 to 1400 meters above sea level, in slopes, valleys, road edges and mainly in waterways and the bed of seasonal rivers and in all aspects particularly the South and a slope from zero to 74%. The soil texture of the study habits is predominantly sandy loam with a pH of 7.5-7.8, an EC of 0.5-5.2 ds/m and 8.4-23.1% lime. W. coagulans is a drought resistant species growing in arid climate conditions with an average annual rainfall of 150 mm. In general, essential measures need to be taken towards the conservation and distribution of this rare and valuable species.
Y. Aghaei Noroozloo; M.H. Mirjalili; V. Nazeri; A.R. Moshrefi araghi
Abstract
Stachys lavandulifoliaVahl. is one of the 34 species of the genus Stachys, growing naturally in Iran. In this study, the natural habitats of Stachys lavavandulifolia were identified in different regions of Alborz, Kurdistan, West Azarbaijan and East Azarbaijan. Ten complete plants were collected from ...
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Stachys lavandulifoliaVahl. is one of the 34 species of the genus Stachys, growing naturally in Iran. In this study, the natural habitats of Stachys lavavandulifolia were identified in different regions of Alborz, Kurdistan, West Azarbaijan and East Azarbaijan. Ten complete plants were collected from eight localities in order to study and evaluate morphological traits. Flowering stems were used to investigate essential oil quantitatively. Data of locations and vegetative and reproductive characters of each population were recorded and the amount of essential oil of each location was measured. Results were analyzed using cluster analysis method with SPSS and SAS softwares and the correlation between evaluated traits and essential oil productivity was determined.The traits evaluated in the populations were classified in two distinct groups by cluster analysis. Populations collected from Alborz (Gachsar), Kurdistan (Saqez) and West Azarbaijan (Manbar, Baba nazar, Chahar tagh and Damerchi) were classified in same group and populations from East Azarbaijan (Azarshahr and Ajabshiri) were classified in a separate group. Differences between these two groups may be due to the different climates in the habitats and adaptation of this species to different environmental factors. As a result, Azarshar population, due to having better vegetative and reproductive traits and high essential oil yield as compared to other populations could be taken into consideration for breeding programs or for cultivation and production.
M. Babalar; S. Mohtashami; S.M. Ebrahimzadeh Musavi; M.H. Mirjalili
Abstract
In this research, in order to study the effect of different packaging on essential oil content, antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds, total flavonoid, flavone and flavonol content, microbial load and color characteristics of Dracocephalum moldavica L., an experiment in a randomized complete design ...
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In this research, in order to study the effect of different packaging on essential oil content, antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds, total flavonoid, flavone and flavonol content, microbial load and color characteristics of Dracocephalum moldavica L., an experiment in a randomized complete design (RCD) with nine treatments and three replications was carried out. The packaging treatments were P1: control (without definite packaging), P2: polyethylene packaging with ambient gas combination exposed in light conditions P3: Polyethylene-polyamide package with ambient gas combination exposed in light conditions, P4: polyethylene-polyamide packaging with ambient gas combination exposed in dark conditions, P5: polyethylene-polyamide packaging with 5% O2 and 95% N2 gas combination exposed in light conditions, P6: polyethylene-polyamide packaging with 5% O2 and 95% N2 gas combination exposed in dark conditions, P7: polyethylene-polyamide packaging and vacuum gas combination exposed in light conditions, P8: polyethylene-polyamide packaging and vacuum gas combination exposed in dark conditions, P9: dried material before of packaging. All packages were stored at room temperature for three months. Results showed that packaging treatments had significant effects on some factors. The maximum essential oil content (0.73 and 0.72%, respectively v/w) was related to pre-packaged sample and P8 treatments and minimum essential oil content belonged to control, P2 and P5 treatments (0.28, 0.37 and 0.39%, respectively). Maximum antioxidant activity was obtained in pre-packaged, P1 and P5 treatments while P2 and P4 treatments showed minimum antioxidant activity. The highest (188.8) and the lowest (72/8) content of phenolic compounds (mg Quercitin/g DW) were measured in P9 and P2 treatments respectively. The maximum (78.6) and the minimum (14.1) content of flavonoids (mg Quercitin/g DW) were detected in P9 and P7 treatments, respectively. Fungal colony in P9 treatment (4× 103 Cfu) was higher than other packaging methods while the quantity of this contamination was not significantly different among other packaging treatments.
