Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research

In collaboration with Scientific Association of Iranian Medicinal Plants

Current Issue

By Issue

By Author

By Subject

Author Index

Keyword Index

About Journal

Aims and Scope

Publication Ethics

Indexing and Abstracting

Related Links

FAQ

Peer Review Process

Journal Metrics

News

Effect of betafin and silymarin on hematological, serum biochemical parameters and growth of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Fisheries Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran

2 Department of Fisheries Science, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran

3 Department of Veterinary, Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran

4 Department of Fisheries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran

Abstract

Nutrition is critical in trout fish farming. In this regard, the use of medical plants to improve the growth and health of the liver is considred. This experiment was conducted to investigate the comparative effects of silymarin and betafin on the growth, some hematological and serum biochemical parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Five hundred and forty rainbow trouts (mean weight 35±2gr) were treated with control diet, 1gr silymarine powder per kg diet and 10gr per kg diet betafin during 60 days. Results showed that betafin significantly improved growth indices including weigth gain, specific growth rate, food conversion rate, protein efficiency ratio, daily growth rate, and survival rate compared with silymarin and control groups. RBC, Hb, PCV and globular indices showed no significant differences among three groups, nevertheless WBC increased in silymarine and betafin groups as compared to control. AST and ALT index except ALP index decreased significantly in betafin and silymarine groups. GSI index decreased in silymarine group as compared to others. Generally, it can be concluded that betafin improved growth and liver indices. Silymarine had no effect on growth, whereas it was effective in improving liver indices.

Keywords

References
افشار مازندران، ن.، 1381. راهنمای عملی دارویی تغذیه و نهاده‌های غذایی و دارویی آبزیان. انتشارات نوربخش، تهران، 216 صفحه.
- بنایی، م.، میروافقی، ع.، رفیعی، غ. و سوردا گومیل، آ.، 1389. تأثیر تجویز خوراکی سیلی‌مارین بر روی فاکتورهای بیوشیمیایی خون قزل‌آلای رنگین‌کمان (Oncorhynchus mykiss). شیلات (منابع طبیعی ایران)، 63(4): 286-271.
- علیشاهی، م.، سلطانی، م.، مصباح، م. و اسمعیلی‌راد، ا.، 1390. تأثیر تجویز خوراکی عصاره خارمریم (Silybum marianum) بر پاسخهای ایمنی ماهی کپور معمولی. تحقیقات دامپزشکی، 66(3): 263-255.
- مدنی، ح.، عسگری، ص.، نادری، غ. و طالب‌الحسینی، م.، 1385. اثر حفاظتی کبدی عصاره پلی‌فنلی خارمریم (Silybum marianum) و همیشه‌بهار (Callendula officinalis) در موش صحرایی. زیست‌شناسی، 19(2): 163-157.
- Alishahi, M. and Buchmann, K., 2006. Temperature dependent protection against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis following immunization of rainbow trout using live theronts. Disease Aquatic Organism, 72: 269-273.
- Altun, T., Celik, F., Genc, A., Karadag, H. and Hunt, A.O., 2005. Effects of betaine on acclimation of tilapia (Oreochromis aureus) to sea water. The 7th Balkan Conferences on Operational Research. Constanta, Romania, 25-28 May: 53.
- Barak, A.J., Beckenhauer, H.C., Junila, M. and Tuma, D.J., 1993. Dietary betaine promotes generation of hepatic S-adenosylmethionine and protect the liver from ethanol induced fatty infiltration. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 17(3): 552-555.
- Bucher, F and Hofer, R., 1990. Effect of domestic wastewater on serum enzyme activities of brown trout (Salmo trutta). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Comparative Pharmacology, 97(2): 381-385.
- Castro, H., Battaglia, J. and Virtanen, E., 1998. Effect of finnstim on growth and sea water adaptation of Coho salmon. Aquaculture, 168: 423-429.
- Daston, J., 1993. Effect of dietary betaine and sodium chloride on seawater adaptation of Atlantic salmon parr. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology, 4: 673-677.
- Duran, A., Apricio, L.B., Reglero, A. and Diaz, J., 1987. Changes in serum enzymes of Sprolegnia infected brown trout, Salmo trutta. Journal of Fish Diseases, 10(6): 505-507.
- Ekanem, J.T. and Yusuf, O.K., 2008. Some biochemical and 12 haematological effects of black seed (Nigella sativa) oil on trypanosoma brucei-infected rats. African Journal of Biotechnology, 3: 153-157.
- Ergun, S., Yigit, M. and Türker, A., 2003. Growth and feed consumption of young rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to different photoperiods. Israeli Journal of Aquaculture- Bamidgeh, 55: 132-138.
- Feldman, B.F., Zinkl, J.G. and Jain., N.C., 2000. Schalm's Veterinary Hematology. 5th ed. Baltimore Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1344p.
- Fraschini, F., Demartini, G. and Esposti, D.,2002. Pharmacology of silymarin.Clinical DrugInvestigation, 22(1): 51-65.
- Genc, M.A., Tekelioglu, N., Yilmaz, E., Hunt A.O. and Yanar, Y., 2000. Effect of dietary betaine on growth performance and body composition of Oreochromis aureus reared in fresh and dead water comparative study. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 5(12): 1185-1188.
- Glencross, B.D., Hawkins, W.E. and Curnow, J.C., 2004. Nutritional assessment of Australian canola meals. II. Evaluation of the influence of the canola oil extraction method on the protein value of canola meal fed to the red seabream (Pagrus auratus, Paulin). Aquaculture Research, 35: 25-34.
- Gomes, E.F., Rema, P. and Kaushik, S.J., 1995. Replacement of fish meal by plant proteins in the diet of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): digestibility and growth performance. Aquaculture, 130: 177-186.
- Harikrishnan, R., Rani, M.N. and Balasundaram, C., 2003. Hematological and biochemical parameters in common carp, Cyprinus carpio, following herbal treatment for Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Aquaculture, 221: 41-50.
- Harpaz, S., 1997. Analysis of betafine-induced feeding behavior in the prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii). Aquaculture, 456: 225-231.
- Higgs, D.A., Dosanjh, B.S., Prendergast, A.F., Beames, R.M., Hardy, R.W., Riley, W. and Deacon, G., 1995. Use of rapeseed/canola protein products in finfish diets: 130-156. Lim, C.E. and Sessa, D.J., (Eds.). Nutrition and Utilization Technology in Aquaculture. Amer Oil Chemists Society Press, Champaign, 294p.
- Jain, J. and Wu, Z., 2004. Influences of traditional Chinese medicine on non-specific immunity of Jian Carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). Fish Shellfish Immunol, 16(2): 185-191.
- Junnila, M., 2000. Betaine as a lipotropic agent and as an alleviator of osmotic stress. M. Junnila Publisher, 108p.
- Kanazawa, A., 1992. Last finding in prawn feeding in Japan. Proceeding of the Aquaculture Nutrition Workshop, Salamander Bay: 15-17 April 1991: 64-71.
- Kasper, C.S., White, M.R. and Brown, P.B., 2002. Betaine can replace choline in diets for juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Aquaculture, 205: 119-126.
- Kidd, P. and Head, K.A., 2005. Review of the bioavailability and clinical efficacy of milk thistle phytosome: a silybin phosphatidylcholine complex (Siliphos). Alternative Medicine Review, 10(3): 193-203.
- Kubitza, F., Lovshin, L.L. and Lovell, R.T., 1997. Identification of feed enhancers for juvenile largemouth bass (micropterus salmoides). Aquaculture, 148(2-3): 191-200.
- Lihninger, A., 1975. Biochemistry: Molecular Basis of Cell Structure and Function. Worth Publishers, Inc, 1104p.
- Loguercio, C., Federico, A., Trappoliere, M., Tuccillo, C., de Sio, I., Di Leva, B., Niosi, M., D'Auria, M.V., Capasso, R. and Del Vecchio, B.C., 2007. The effect of a silybinvitamin E-phospholipid complex on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a pilot study. Digestive Diseases and Science, 52: 2387-2395.
- Matsuda, T., Ferreri, K., Todorov, I., Kuroda, Y., Smith, C.V. and Kandeel, F., 2005. Silymarin protects pancreatic β-cells against cytokine-mediated toxicity: Implication of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase and Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathways. Journal of Endocrinology, 146(1): 175-185.
- Normand, E.B., Barreto, R.E., Carvalho, R.F. and Delicio, H.C., 2006. Effects of betaine on the growth of the fish piaucu, Leporinus macrocephalus. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 49: 705-755.
- Otubusin, S.O., Ogunleye, F.O. and Agbebi, O.T., 2009. Feeding Trials using local protein sources replace fishmeal in pelleted feeds in Catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822) culture. European Journal of Scientific Research, 31: 142-147.
- Oyaas, K., Elingsen, T.E., Dyrset, N. and Levine, D.W., 1984. Utilization of osmoparotective compounds by hybridoma cell exposed to hyper osmotic stress. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 43: 77-89.
- Ozori, R.O., 2001. Dietary L-carnitine and energy and lipid metabolism in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) juveniles. PhD. Disseration no. 3029. Wageningen University, Netherlands.
- Penaflorida, V.E., 1996. Growth survival and feed conversation of juvenile shrimp (Penaeus mondon) fed a betaine /amino acid additive. Israeli Journal of Aquaculture-Bamidgeh, 48: 3-9.
- Pepping, J., 1999. Milk thistle: Silybum marianum. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 56: 1195-1195.
- Przybyt, A., Mazurkiewicz, J., Madziar, M. and Hallas, M., 1999. Effects of betaine addition on selected indices of carp fry rearing in ponds. Archives of Polish Fisheries, 7(2): 321-328.
- Raa, J., 1996. The use of immunostimulatory substances in fish and shellfish farming. Reviews in Fisheries Science, 4(3): 229-288.
- Rao, V.Y., Romesh, M., Singh, A. and Chakrabarti, R., 2004. Potentiation of antibody production in Indian major carp Labeo rohita, rohu, by Achyranthes aspera as a herbal feed ingredient. Aquaculture, 238: 67-73.
- Ratriyanto, A., Mosenthin, R., Bauer, E. and Eklund, M., 2009. Metabolic, osmoregulatory and nutritional functions of betaine in mono gastric animal. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 22(10): 1461-1476.
- Rumsey, G., 1991. Cholin- betaine requirement of rainbow trout. Aquaculture, 95: 107-116.
- Sakai, M., 1999. Current research status of fish immune stimulants. Aquaculture, 172: 63-92.
- Saoud, I.P. and Davis, D.A., 2005. Effects of betaine supplementation to feeds of pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei reared at extreme salinities. North American Journal of Aquaculture, 67: 351-353.
- Schönfeld, V.J., Weisbrod, B. and Müller, M.K., 1997. Silibinin, a plant extract with antioxidant and membrane stabilizing properties, protects exocrine pancreas from cyclosporine toxicity. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 53(11-12): 917-920.
- Schümann, J., Prockl, J., Kiemer, A.K., Vollmar, A.M., Bang, R. and Tiegs, G., 2003. Silibinin protects mice from T cell-dependent liver injury. Journal of Herpetology, 39(3): 333-340.
- Swain, P., Dash, S., Sahoo, P.K., Routray, P., Sahoo, S.K., Gupta, S.D., Meher, P.K., and Sarangi, N., 2006. Non-specific immune parameters of brood Indian major carp Labeo rohita and their seasonal variations. Fish &amp Shellfish Immunology, 22: 38-43.
- Tacon, A.G.J., 2004. Aquaculture 2002: over 50 million tonnes and climbing. International Aquafeed, Directory and Buyers’ Guide 2004. Perendale publishers, cheltenham, UK, 2-8.
- Tatina, M., Bahmani, M., Soltani, M., Abtahi, B. and Gharibkhani, M., 2010. Effects of different levels of dietary vitamins C and E on some of hematological and biochemical parameters of sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus). Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 5: 1-11.
- Thomas, P.G. and Nurthy, T.L., 1976. Studies on the impact of a few organic pesticides on certain fish enzymes. Orissa university Agricultural Technology in India, 46: 619-624.
- Thrall, M.A., Baker, D.C. and Lassen, E.D., 2004. Veterinary Hematology and Clinical Chemistry. Wiley, 618p.
- Virtanen, E., Junila, M. and Soivio, A., 1998. Effect of food containing betaine\amino acid additive on the osmotic adaptation of young Atlantic salmon. Aquaculture, 83: 109-122.
- Xue, M. and Cui, Y., 2001. Effect of several feeding stimulants on diet preference by juvenile, gibel carp Carassius auratus gibelio, fed, diets with or without partial replacement of fish, meal by meat and bone meal. Aquaculture, 198: 281-292.
- Ylmaz, E., 2005. The effect of two chemo- attractants and different first feeds on the growth performances of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell, 1822) at different larval stages. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 29: 309-314.
- Zapata, A., Diez, B., Cejalov, T., Gutierrez-de Frias, C. and Cortes, A., 2006. Ontogeny of immune system of fish. Fish Shellfish Immunology, 20: 126-136.
Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research
Volume 31, Issue 3 - Serial Number 71
August 2015
Pages 489-501
Files
Share
How to cite
Statistics