Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
Abstract
Thyme is an important medicinal plant of Iran that in order to have thymol and carvacrol using as antimicrobial, antibacterial and antiflatulence agent. In this study 22 genotypes of Thymus kotschyanus Boiss. & Hohen. and Thymus vulgaris L. collected from different regions of Iran and cultivated as a randomized complete block design with 3 replications in fozveh station of Agricultural and Natural Resource Research Center of Isfahan. Length of flower and buds, spike weight, stem height, leave surface, leave length and width, maximum and minimum cover length, number of flower in spike, spike length, the beginning, 50% and 100% flowering stage, aerial dry and wet yield and essential oil percentage. Thymol and carvacrole percentages were measured with GC and GC/MS. The results showed a genetically variation for all traits in thyme genotypes. The highest production was in Thymus vulgaris with 2200 kg/ha. Thymus kotschyanus from western Azarbayejan had the highest production (1640 kg/ha) among the same population. Essential oil percentage in Thymus kotschyanus was from 0.42 to 2.17% and in Thymus vulgaris from 0.42 to 1.75%. Also Thymol percentage was from 4.63 to 74.52%, and carvacrol from 3 to 78.24% in Thymus kotschyanus and in Thymus vulgaris thymol was from 32.53% to 32.53% and carvacrol from 5.74 to 53.16%. Genotypes were classified into 4 groups. The first group had the highest vegetative period. The second had the maximum amount of Length of buds, spike weight and leave width. Number of spike, thymol percentage and leave width were relatively high in the third group. The forth group had the highest thymol percentage, aerial dry and wet yield and essential oil percentage. Based on the results there was suitable genetically potential for all thyme traits that can use in improvement programs.
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