Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research

In collaboration with Scientific Association of Iranian Medicinal Plants

Current Issue

By Issue

By Author

By Subject

Author Index

Keyword Index

About Journal

Aims and Scope

Publication Ethics

Indexing and Abstracting

Related Links

FAQ

Peer Review Process

Journal Metrics

News

Study on toxicity and LC50 of some medicinal plants using Artemia salina test

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Basic science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

2 Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

Abstract

From the past until now, the plants and their products have been used as food and medicine in the nutrition and treatment of diseases in humans and animals. However, in the popular perception, the herbal nature of a medicinal or food product was equivalent to its lack of toxicity and safety, and the side effects and toxicity of the plants and their products have been less studied. Therefore, the use of a system that incorporates the bioethical considerations, speed, simplicity, and at the same time economic considerations is necessary to estimate the toxicity and determine the LC50 of medicinal plants before consumption. The aim of this study was to use the organism Artemia salina in the evaluation of toxicity and LC50 of some medicinal plants. In this study, the extract toxicity of medicinal plants Rosa damascena Mill., Descurainia sophia (L.) Schur, Ferula assa-foetida L., Colchicum autumnale L., Allium sativum L., and Taxus baccata L. was assessed by determining the LC50 index using the Artemia salina test. The extracts were prepared by the maceration technique. The Artemia salina cysts were hatched out in the artificial seawater at 27 °C and the larvae were then exposed to the plant extracts at the different concentrations (10, 100, and 1000 mg.ml-1) for 24 hours. The concentration needed to kill half of the larvae (LC50) was calculated. The LC50 levels of D. sophia, A. sativum, R. damascena, T. baccata, C. autumnale, and F. assa-foetida were obtained 4812, 3316, 997, 44.07, 10.44, and 2.37 mg.ml-1, respectively. Overall, the results showed that A. salina test could be used as a model in determining the LC50 index for the toxicological tests of herbal products.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References
- Abu-Zaiton, A.S., 2010. Anti-diabetic activity of Ferula assafoetida extract in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 13: 97-100.
- Al-Jaber, N.A., 2011. Phytochemical and biological studies of Sisymbrium irio L. growing in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society, 15(4): 345-350.
- Aslani, M.R., 2004. Iranian Toxic Plants and Intoxication in Livestock. Ferdowsi university of Mashhad Press, 390p.
- Brvar, M., Ploj, T., Kozelj, G., Mozina, M., Noc, M. and Bunc, M., 2004. Case report: fatal poisoning with Colchicum autumnale. Critical Care, 8(1): R56-R59.
- Bussmann, R.W., Malca, G., Glenn, A., Sharon, D., Nilsen, B., Parris, B., Dubose, D., Ruiz, D., Saleda, J., Martinez, M. and Carillo, L., 2011. Toxicity of medicinal plants used in traditional medicine in Northern Peru. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 137(1): 121-140.
- Cáceres, A., López, B., González, S., Berger, I., Tada, I. and Maki, J., 1998. Plants used in Guatemala for the treatment of protozoal infections. I. Screening of activity to bacteria, fungi and American trypanosomes of 13 native plants. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 62(3): 195-202.
- Carballo, J.L., Hernández-Inda, Z.L., Pérez, P. and García-Grávalos, M.D., 2002. A comparison between two brine shrimp assays to detect in vitro cytotoxicity in marine natural products. BMC Biotechnology, 2(1): 17.
- Costello, M.J., Fretwell, K. and Read, P., 1993. Toxicity of sewage sludge to Crangon crangon and Artemia salina, with reference to other marine Crustacea. Aquatic Living Resources, 6(4): 351-356.
- Dehpour, A.A., Ebrahimzadeh, M.A., Fazel, N.S. and Mohammad, N.S., 2009. Antioxidant activity of the methanol extract of Ferula assafoetida and its essential oil composition. Grasas y Aceites, 60(4): 405-412.
- Erdemoglu, N. and Sener, B., 2001. Chemical constituents of Taxus baccata L. from Turkey. ACTA Pharmaceutica Sciencia, 43(1): 23-27.
- Eskandarian, A.A., 2012. Scolicidal effects of squash (Corylus spp.) seeds, hazel (Cucurbita spp.) nut and garlic (Allium sativum) extracts on hydatid cyst protoscolices. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 17(11): 1011-1014.
- Fatehi, M., Farifteh, F. and Fatehi-Hassanabad, Z., 2004. Antispasmodic and hypotensive effects of Ferula assa-foetida gum extract. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 91(2): 321-324.
- Hartl, M. and Humpf, H.U., 2000. Toxicity assessment of fumonisins using the brine shrimp (Artemia salina) bioassay. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 38(12): 1097-1102.
- Iranshahy, M. and Iranshahi, M., 2011. Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of asafoetida (Ferula assa-foetida oleo-gum-resin): A review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 134(1): 1-10.
- Kanwar, A.S., 2007. Brine shrimp (Artemia salina)- a marine animal for simple and rapid biological assays. CJMED, 2(4): 236-240.
- Kavoosi, G. and Rowshan, V., 2013. Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil obtained from Ferula assa-foetida oleo-gum-resin: effect of collection time. Food chemistry, 138(4): 2180-2187.
- Krishnaraju, A.V., Rao, V.N., Sundararju, D., Vanisree, M., Tsay, H. and Subbaraju, G.V., 2005. Assessment of bioactivity of indian medicinal plants using brine shrimp lethality assay. International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering, 3(2): 125-134.
- Kumar, P. and Singh, D.K., 2006. Molluscicidal activity of Ferula asafoetida, Syzygium aromaticum and Carum carvi and their active components against the snail Lymnaea acuminata. Chemosphere, 63(9): 1568-1574.
- Lee, C.L., Chiang, L.C., Cheng, L.H., Liaw, C.C., Abd El-Razek, M.H., Chang, F.R. and Wu, Y.C., 2009. Influenza A (H1N1) antiviral and cytotoxic agents from Ferula assa-foetida. Journal of Natural Products, 72(9): 1568-1572.
- Mullins, M.E., Mullins, M., Carrico, E.A. and Horowitz, B.Z., 2000. Fatal cardiovascular collapse following acute colchicine ingestion. Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology, 38(1): 51-54.
- Nguta, J.M., Mbaria, J.M., Gakuya, D.W., Gathumbi, P.K., Kabasa, J.D. and Kiama, S.G., 2012. Evaluation of acute toxicity of crude plant extracts from Kenyan biodi-versity using brine shrimp, Artemia salina L. (Artemiidae). The Open Conference Proceedings Journal, 3: 30-34.
- Nunes, B.S., Carvalho, F.D., Guilhermino, L.M. and Van Stappen, G., 2006. Use of the genus Artemia in ecotoxicity testing. Environmental Pollution, 144(2): 453-462.
- Parra, A.L., Yhebra, R.S., Sardiñas, I.G. and Buela, L.I., 2001. Comparative study of the assay of Artemia salina L. and the estimate of the medium lethal dose (LD50 value) in mice, to determine oral acute toxicity of plant extracts. Phytomedicine, 8(5): 395-400.
- Pimenta, L.P.S., Pinto, G.B., Takahashi, J.A., e Silva, L.G.F. and Boaventura, M.A.D., 2003. Biological screening of annonaceous Brazilian medicinal plants using Artemia salina (Brine shrimp test). Phytomedicine, 10(2-3): 209-212.
- Sadighara, P., Esfahani, T.A., Jafari, A. and Farkhondeh, T., 2010. Assessment of cytotoxic activity of three plants of Pigweed, Bermuda grass and Burdock via Artemia salina test. Knowledge and Health, 5(2-3): 1-4.
- Saleem, M., Alam, A. and Sultana, S., 2001. Asafoetida inhibits early events of carcinogenesis: a chemopreventive study. Life Sciences, 68(16): 1913-1921.
- Shakeri, T., Yousofpour, M. and Azadbakht, M., 2017. Comparative study of flixweed properties from the perspective of traditional medicine scientists. Complementary Medicine Journal, 7(3): 2014-2024.
- Shamsizade, L.A. and Novruzov, E.N., 2005. Distribution, fruit properties and productivity of Rosa species in Great Caucasus, Azerbaijan. Acta Horticulturae, 690: 101-106.
- Silva, T.M.S., Nascimento, R.J.B., Batista, M.M., Agra, M.F. and Camara, C.A., 2007. Brine shrimp bioassay of some species of Solanum from Northestern Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 17(1): 35-38.
- Sitara, U., Niaz, I., Naseem, J. and Sultana, N., 2008. Antifungal effect of essential oils on in vitro growth of pathogenic fungi. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 40: 409-414.
- Tajik, H., Moradi, M., Razavi Rohani, S.M., Erfani, A. and Shokouhi Sabet Jalali, F., 2008. Preparation of chitosan from brine shrimp (Artemia urmiana) cyst shells and effects of different chemical processing sequences on the physicochemical and functional properties of the product. Molecules, 13(6):1263-1274.
- Truhaut, R., 1977. Ecotoxicology: objectives, principles and perspectives. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 1(2): 151-173.
Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research
Volume 37, Issue 3 - Serial Number 107
July and August 2021
Pages 403-411
Files
Share
How to cite
Statistics