Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 Ph.D. student, Agricultural College and Medicinal Plant Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
2 Agricultural College and Medicinal Plant Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
3 Agricultural College and Natural Resources, Rmin University, Mollasani, Khuzestan, Iran
Abstract
This research was aimed to investigate the foliar application of Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) on growth parameters, yield, some morphophysiological traits, and alkaloids of rosea periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus L. (G. Don) under drought stress conditions. The field study was conducted based on split-plot factorial in the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at the research farms of Shahid Chamran University in Ahwaz city in 2016-17. The experimental treatments included drought stress as the main factor at three levels of 40% (control), 60% and 80% of maximum allowable depletion (MAD) and foliar application of jasmonic acid (JA) at two levels (0 and 10 µM) and salicylic acid (SA) at three levels (0, 0.1, 1, and 10 mM) as subplots. Based on the results of the mean comparison of main effects, drought stress (80% MAD) reduced 36.6% of fresh weight and 25.4% of the dry weight of the plant compared to the control. The treatment 10 mM SA resulted in 13.4, 125.5, and 59.6% increases in plant height, leaf area and flower dry weight, respectively, compared to the control. The foliar application of JA increased flower dry weight and plant fresh weight by 16.3 and 8.6%, respectively. The results showed that the foliar application of SA in concentrations of 1 and 10 mM caused the highest content of vincristine and vinblastine, respectively. The interaction of both PGRs and drought stress showed the highest alkaloids content. The highest vinblastine and vincristine under severe drought stress were obtained in foliar application of 1 mM SA+10µM JA and 10 mM SA+10µM JA, respectively.
Keywords
- Ali, B., Gill, R.A., Yang, S., Gill, M.B., Farooq, M.A., Liu, D., Daud, M.K., Ali, S. and Zhou, W., 2015. Regulation of cadmium-induced proteomic and metabolic changes by 5-aminolevulinic acid in leaves of Brassica napus L. PLoS One, 10(4): 1-23.
- Ali, M.B., Yu, K.W., Hahn, E.J. and Paek, K.Y., 2006. Methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid elicitation induces ginsenosides accumulation, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant in suspension culture Panax ginseng roots in bioreactors. Plant cell reports, 25(6): 613-620.
- Alizadeh, A., 2010. Soil-Water-Plant Relationship. Astan Quds Razavi, The University of Imam Reza, 484p.
- Amirjani, M.R., 2013. Effects of drought stress on the alkaloid contents and growth parameters of Catharanthus roseus. ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science, 8(11): 745-750.
- Anjorin, F.B., Adejumo, S.A., Are, K.S. and Ogunniyan, D.J., 2017. Seedling establishment, biomass yield and water use efficiencies of four maize varieties as influenced by water deficit stress. Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova, 50(2): 21-34.
- Aslam, J., Khan, S.H., Siddiqui, Z.H., Fatima, Z., Maqsood, M., Bhat, M.A. and Khan, S.A., 2010. Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. An important drug: it is applications and production. Pharmacie Globale (IJCP), 4(12): 1-16.
- Avanci, N., Luche, D., Goldman, G. and Goldman, M., 2010. Jasmonates are phytohormones with multiple functions, including plant defense and reproduction. Genetics and Molecular Research, 9(1): 484-505.
- Azhar, N., Hussain, B., Ashraf, M.Y. and Abbasi, K.Y., 2011. Water stress mediated changes in growth, physiology and secondary metabolites of desi ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi L.). Pakistan Journal of Botany, 43(9): 15-19.
- Babaee, K., Amini Dehaghi, M., Modares Sanavi, S.A.M. and Jabbari, R., 2010. Water deficit effect on morphology, proline content and thymol percentage of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 26(2): 239-251.
- Basra, S.M., Ullah, E., Warraich, E., Cheema, M. and Afzal, I., 2003. Effect of storage on growth and yield of primedcanola (Brassica napus) seeds. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 5(2): 117-120.
- Bettaieb, I., Zakhama, N., Wannes, W.A., Kchouk, M.E. and Marzouk, B., 2009. Water deficit effects on Salvia officinalis fatty acids and essential oils composition. Scientica Horticulturae, 120(2): 271-275.
- Bhatt, R. and Rao, N.S., 2005. Influence of pod load on response of okra to water stress. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 10(1): 54-59.
- Chai, Q., Gan, Y., Zhao, C., Xu, H. L., Waskom, R.M., Niu, Y. and Siddique, K.H., 2016. Regulated deficit irrigation for crop production under drought stress. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 36(1): 1-3.
- Choluj, D., Karwowska, R., Jasinska, M. and Haber, G., 2004. Growth and dry matter partitioning in sugar beet plants (Beta vulgaris L.) under moderate drought. Plant Soil and Environment, 50(6): 265-272.
- Drazic, G. and Mihailovic, N., 2005. Modification of cadmium toxicity in soybean seedlings by salicylic acid. Plant Science, 168(2): 511-517.
- El-Sayed, M. and Verpoorte, R., 2004. Growth, metabolic profiling and enzymes activities of Catharanthus roseus seedlings treated with plant growth regulators. Plant Growth Regulation, 44(1): 53-58.
- Ezz, E., Aziz, E.E., Hendawy, S.F. and Omer, E.A., 2009. Response of Thymus vulgaris L. to salt stress and alar (B9) in newly reclaimed soil. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 5(12): 2165-2170.
- Fahad, S., Hussain, S., Matloob, A., Khan, F.A., Khaliq, A., Saud, S. and Ullah, N., 2015. Phytohormones and plant responses to salinity stress: a review. Plant Growth Regulation, 75(2): 391-404.
- Farhangi-Abriz, S., Alaee, T. and Tavasolee, A., 2019. Salicylic acid but not jasmonic acid improved canola root response to salinity stress. Rhizosphere, 9: 69-71.
- Farooq, M.A., Gill, R.A., Islam, F., Ali, B., Liu, H., Xu, J. and Zhou, W., 2016. Methyl jasmonate regulates antioxidant defense and suppresses arsenic uptake in Brassica napus L. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7(468): 1-16.
- Fugate, K.K., Lafta, A.M., Eide, J.D., Li, G., Lulai, E.C., Olson, L.L., Deckard, E., Khan, M. and Finger, F.L., 2018. Methyl jasmonate alleviates drought stress in young sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) plants. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 204(6): 566-576.
- Ghaderi, N., Normohammadi, S. and Javadi, T., 2015. Morpho-physiological responses of strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa) to exogenous salicylic acid application under drought stress. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 17(1): 167-178.
- Ghassemi, S., Ghassemi-Golezani, K., Zehtab-Salmasi, S. and Alizadeh-Salteh, S., 2017. Improving essential oil content and yield of ajowan organs under water stress by application of salicylic acid and abscisic acid. International Journal of Plant Production, 11(3): 425-436.
- Ghassemi-Golezani, K. and Farhangi-Abriz, S., 2018. Foliar sprays of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid stimulate H+-ATPase activity of tonoplast, nutrient uptake and salt tolerance of soybean. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 166: 18-25.
- Ghassemi-Golezani, K., Andalibi, B., Zehtab-Salmasi, S. and Saba, J., 2008. Effects of water stress during vegetative and reproductive stages on seed yield and essential oil content of dill (Anethum graveolens L.). Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, 6(3-4): 282-284.
- Ghassemi-Golezani, K., Bakhshi, J. and Dalil, B., 2015. Rate and duration of seed filling and yield of soybean affected by water and radiation deficits. Acta agriculturae Slovenica, 105(2): 225-232.
- Ghassemi-Golezani, K., Ghanehpoor, S. and Dabbagh Mohammadi-Nasab, A., 2009. Effects of water limitation on growth and grain filling of faba bean cultivars. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment, 7(3): 442-447.
- Gheysari, M., Loescher, H.W., Sadeghi, S.H., Mirlatifi, S.M., Zareian, M.J. and Hoogenboom, G., 2015. Water-yield relations and water use efficiency of maize under nitrogen fertigation for semiarid environments: experiment and synthesis: 175-229. In: Sparks, D.L., (Ed.). Advances in Agronomy (Vol. 130). Academic Press, 429p.
- Hossain, M.M., Liu, X., Qi, X., Lam, H.M. and Zhang, J., 2014. Differences between soybean genotypes in physiological response to sequential soil drying and rewetting. The Crop Journal, 2(6): 366-380.
- Idrees, M., Khan, M.M.A., Aftab, T., Naeem, M. and Hashmi, N., 2010. Salicylic acid-induced physiological and biochemical changes in lemongrass varieties under water stress. Journal of Plant Interactions, 5(4): 293-303.
- Idrees, M., Khan, M.M.A., Naeem, M., Aftab, T., Hashmi, N. and Alam, M., 2011. Modulation of defence responses by improving photosynthetic activity, antioxidative metabolism, and vincristine and vinblastine accumulation in Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don through salicylic acid under water stress. Russian Agricultural Sciences, 37(6): 474-482.
- Idrees, M., Naeem, M., Aftab, T. and Khan, M.M.A., 2013. Salicylic acid restrains nickel toxicity, improves antioxidant defence system and enhances the production of anticancer alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus (L.). Journal of Hazardous Materials, 252: 367-374.
- Ilyas, N., Gull, R., Mazhar, R., Saeed, M., Kanwal, S., Shabir, S. and Bibi, F., 2017. Influence of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid on wheat under drought stress. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 48(22): 2715-2723.
- Jaleel, C.A., Manivannan, P., Lakshmanan, G., Gomathinayagam, M. and Panneerselvam, R., 2008. Alterations in morphological parameters and photosynthetic pigment responses of Catharanthus roseus under soil water deficits. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 61(2): 298-303.
- Jaleel, C.A., Manivannan, P., Sankar, B., Kishorekumar, A., Gopi, R., Somasundaram, R. and Panneerselvam, R., 2007. Water deficit stress mitigation by calcium chloride in Catharanthus roseus: Effects on oxidative stress, proline metabolism and indole alkaloid accumulation. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 60(1): 110-116.
- Ji, K., Wang, Y., Sun, W., Lou, Q., Mei, H., Shen, S. and Chen, H., 2012. Drought-responsive mechanisms in rice genotypes with contrasting drought tolerance during reproductive stage. Journal of Plant Physiology, 169(4): 336-344.
- Kang, S., Hao, X., Du, T., Tong, L., Su, X., Lu, H. and Ding, R., 2017. Improving agricultural water productivity to ensure food security in China under changing environment: From research to practice. Agricultural Water Management, 179: 5-17.
- Karadge, B. and Gaikwad, P., 2003. Influence of sodium chloride salinity on growth and organic constituents of Catharanthus roseus G. Don. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 8(4): 392-397.
- Kazan, K., 2015. Diverse roles of jasmonates and ethylene in abiotic stress tolerance. Trends in Plant Science, 20(4): 219-229.
- Khalil, N., Fekry, M., Bishr, M., El-Zalabani, S. and Salama, O., 2018. Foliar spraying of salicylic acid induced accumulation of phenolics, increased radical scavenging activity and modified the composition of the essential oil of water stressed Thymus vulgaris L. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 123: 65-74.
- Khan, M.I.R., Fatma, M., Per, T.S., Anjum, N.A. and Khan, N.A., 2015. Salicylic acid-induced abiotic stress tolerance and underlying mechanisms in plants. Frontiers in Plant Science, 6(462): 1-17.
- Kuchlan, M., Kuchlan, P. and Husain, S., 2017. Effect of foliar application of growth activator, promoter and antioxidant on seed quality of soybean. Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 40(2): 313-318.
- Kumar, S., Jaggi, M. and Sinha, A.K., 2012. Ectopic overexpression of vacuolar and apoplastic Catharanthus roseus peroxidases confers differential tolerance to salt and dehydration stress in transgenic tobacco. Protoplasma, 249(2): 423-432.
- Leslie, C.A. and Romani, R.J., 1986. Salicylic acid: a new inhibitor of ethylene biosynthesis. Plant Cell Reports, 5(2): 144-146.
- Minaei, A., Hassani, A., Nazemiyeh, H. and Besharat, S., 2019. Effect of drought stress on some morphophysiological and phytochemical characteristics of oregano (Origanum vulgare L. ssp. gracile). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 35(2): 252-265.
- Miura, K. and Tada, Y., 2014. Regulation of water, salinity, and cold stress responses by salicylic acid. Frontiers in Plant Science, 5(4): 1-12.
- Mohammadi, H., Amirikia, F., Ghorbanpour, M., Fatehi, F. and Hashempour, H., 2019. Salicylic acid induced changes in physiological traits and essential oil constituents in different ecotypes of Thymus kotschyanus and Thymus vulgaris under well-watered and water stress conditions. Industrial Crops and Products, 129: 561-574.
- Mokhaberi, A., Ahmadi, J. and Mafakheri, S., 2013. The expression profile of D4H and DAT genes in Catharanthus roseus in response to drought, salinity and salicylic acid. Iranian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 2(2): 38-46.
- Montiel, G., Zarei, A., Körbes, A.P. and Memelink, J., 2011. The jasmonate-responsive element from the ORCA3 promoter from Catharanthus roseus is active in Arabidopsis and is controlled by the transcription factor AtMYC2. Plant and Cell Physiology, 52(3): 578-587.
- Naaranlahti, T., Nordström, M., Huhtikangas, A. and Lounasmaa, M., 1987. Determination of Catharanthus alkaloids by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Chromatography, 410: 488-493.
- Nejat, N., Valdiani, A., Cahill, D., Tan, Y.H., Maziah, M. and Abiri, R., 2015. Ornamental exterior versus therapeutic interior of Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus): the two faces of a versatile herb. The Scientific World Journal, 2015: 1-19.
- Pan, Q.F., Chen, Y., Wang, Q., Yuan, F., Xing, S.H., Tian, Y.S., Zhao, J.Y., Sun, X.F. and Tang, K.X, 2010. Effect of plant growth regulators on the biosynthesis of vinblastine, vindoline and catharanthine in Catharanthus roseus. Plant Growth Regulation, 60: 133-141.
- Pandey, S., 2017. Cultivation under stress conditions: 383-397. In: Naeem, M., Aftab, T. and Khan, M., (Eds.). Catharanthus roseus. Springer, Cham, 470p.
- Rady, M.R., 2019. Plant Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants. Springer Nature Switzerland, 96p.
- Rahbarian, R., Khavari-Nejad, R., Ganjeali, A., Bagheri, A. and Najafi, F., 2011. Drought stress effects on photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence and water relations in tolerant and susceptible chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes. Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica, 47(1): 53-56.
- Rao, S.R. and Ravishankar, G., 2002. Plant cell cultures: chemical factories of secondary metabolites. Biotechnology Advances, 20(2): 101-153.
- Reddy, T., Reddy, V. and Anbumozhi, V., 2003. Physiological responses of groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) to drought stress and its amelioration: a critical review. Plant Growth Regulation, 41(1): 75-88.
- Said-Al Ahl, H., El Gendy, A. and Omer, E., 2014. Effect of ascorbic acid, salicylic acid on coriander productivity and essential oil cultivated in two different locations. Advances in Environmental Biology, 8(7): 2236-2250.
- Senaratna, T., Touchell, D., Bunn, E. and Dixon, K., 2000. Acetyl salicylic acid (Aspirin) and salicylic acid induce multiple stress tolerance in bean and tomato plants. Plant Growth Regulation, 30(2): 157-161.
- Shabbir, A., Ali, A., Sadiq, Y., Jaleel, H., Ahmad, B., Naeem, M. and Uddin, M., 2017. Unraveling the cumulative effect of soil-applied radiation-processed sodium alginate and polyacrylamide on growth attributes, physiological activities, and alkaloids production in periwinkle [Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don]: 365-381. In: Naeem, M., Aftab, T. and Khan, M., (Eds.). Catharanthus roseus. Springer, Cham, 470p.
- Shakirova, F. 2007. Role of hormonal system in the manifestation of growth promoting and antistress action of salicylic acid: 69-89. In: Hayat, S. and Ahmad, A., Salicylic Acid: A Plant Hormone, Springer, 401p.
- Singh, M., Ganesha Rao, R. and Ramesh, S., 1997. Irrigation and nitrogen requirement of lemongrass[Cymbopogon flexuosus (Steud) Wats] on a red sandy loam soil under semiarid tropical conditions. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 9(5): 569-574.
- Singh-Sangwan, N., Farooqi, A.H.A., Shabih, F. and Sangwan, R.S., 2001. Regulation of essential oil production in plants. Plant Growth Regulation, 34: 3-21.
- Srivastava, N. and Srivastava, A., 2007. Influence of gibberellic acid on 14 CO2 metabolism, growth, and production of alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus. Photosynthetica, 45(1): 156-160.
- Talebi, M., Moghaddam, M. and Pirbalouti, A.G., 2018. Methyl jasmonate effects on volatile oil compounds and antioxidant activity of leaf extract of two basil cultivars under salinity stress. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 40(2): 34-45.
- Uniyal, G., Bala, S., Mathur, A. and Kulkarni, R., 2001. Symmetry C18 column: a better choice for the analysis of indole alkaloids of Catharanthus roseus. Phytochemical Analysis, 12(3): 206-210.
- Wasternack, C. and Song, S., 2016. Jasmonates: biosynthesis, metabolism, and signaling by proteins activating and repressing transcription. Journal of Experimental Botany, 68(6): 1303-1321.
- Wilson, S.A. and Roberts, S.C., 2014. Metabolic engineering approaches for production of biochemicals in food and medicinal plants. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 26: 174-182.
- Yadav, S., Lakshmi, N.J., Maheswari, M., Vanaja, M. and Venkateswarlu, B., 2005. Influence of water deficit at vegetative, anthesis and grain filling stages on water relation and grain yield in sorghum. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 10(1): 20-24.
- Yu, Z.Z., Fu, C.X., Han, Y.S., Li, Y.X. and Zhao, D.X., 2006. Salicylic acid enhances jaceosidin and syringin production in cell cultures of Saussurea medusa. Biotechnology Letters, 28(13): 1027-1031.
- Yuan, S. and Lin, H.H., 2008. Minireview: role of salicylic acid in plant abiotic stress. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, 63(5-6): 313-320.
- Zhang, Y., Xu, S., Yang, S. and Chen, Y., 2015. Salicylic acid alleviates cadmium-induced inhibition of growth and photosynthesis through up-regulating antioxidant defense system in two melon cultivars (Cucumis melo L.). Protoplasma, 252(3): 911-924.
- Zhao, J. and Verpoorte, R., 2007. Manipulating indole alkaloid production by Catharanthus roseus cell cultures in bioreactors: from biochemical processing to metabolic engineering. Phytochemistry Reviews, 6(2-3): 435-457.
- Zheng, X.Y., Spivey, N.W., Zeng, W., Liu, P.P., Fu, Z.Q., Klessig, D.F., He, S.Y. and Dong, X., 2012. Coronatine promotes Pseudomonas syringae virulence in plants by activating a signaling cascade that inhibits salicylic acid accumulation. Cell Host and Microbe, 11: 587-596.
)