Comparison of growth properties, essential oil content, total phenol,  and antioxidant potential of different populations of three Hypericum species  (H. scabrum L., H. asperulum Jaub. & Spach. and H. vermiculare)

Khorshidi, J.; Morshedloo, M.R.; Moradi, Sh.

doi:10.22092/ijmapr.2020.127696.2634

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

¹ Research Center of Medicinal Plants Breeding and Development, Department of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran

² Department of Horticultural Science and Engineering, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran

³ M.Sc. student, Department of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran

https://doi.org/10.22092/ijmapr.2020.127696.2634

Abstract

Hypericum sp. is one of the most widely used medicinal plants in the world. Both genetic and environmental factors influence the growth and phytochemical properties of the plant. Therefore, in this study, growth characteristics, essential oil content, total phenol and antioxidant potential were evaluated in different populations of three Hypericum species (H. scabrum (HS), H. asperulum (HA) and H. vermiculare (HV)). The results indicated that only flowering stem height was affected by species and other measured traits were not affected by species and population. But the interaction between species and population was significant on all measured traits. So that the highest flowering stem length (77.7 cm), flower and leaf weight (42.4 g), stem weight (30.9 g), plant weight (65.6 g), essential oil content (0.43%), total phenol (204.9 mg gallic acid.g^-1 dry extract) and antioxidant potential (52.7 µg dry extract.ml^-1) belonged to populations No.5 in HA, No.3 in HS, No.4 in HA, No.4 in HA, No.4 in HS, No.6 in HV, and No.5 in HA, respectively. A positive and significant correlation was observed between stem weight, flower and leaf weight and plant weight with mean annual rainfall of the habitat, between essential oil percentage with soil phosphorus and mean annual temperature of the habitat, and between the electrical conductivity of the habitat soil with the antioxidant potential of the extract. There was also a negative correlation between essential oil percentage and soil organic matter of the habitat. Stem weight, flower and leaf weight, and plant weight had the highest variance among populations belonging to the same species and, therefore, were identified as desirable traits for separation of populations. Generally, one population cannot be considered superior to the others because the superior population was different depending on the trait. Therefore, to achieve a superior population, all populations of the three species must be cultivated and compared under the same conditions.

Keywords

References

- Alijani, M., Amini Dehaghi, M., Ahmadi, J. and Modares Sanavi, S.A.M., 2009. Effects of different levels of phosphorous and nitrogen fertilizers on yield of german chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) under semi-arid climatic conditions. Journal of Agronomy Sciences, 2(3): 39-48.

- Alipour, N., Mahdavi, Kh., Mahmoudi, J. and Ghelichnia, H., 2016. Investigation into the effect of environmental conditions on the quality and quantity of essential oil of Stachys laxa. Journal of Plant Researches, 28(3): 561-572.

- Arabshahi-Deloue, S. and Urooj, A., 2007. Antioxidant properties of various solvent extracts of mulberry (Morus indica L.) leaves. Food Chemistry, 102(4): 1233-1240.

- Arianfar, M., Akbarinodehi, D., Hemati, K. and Rostampoor, M., 2018. Effects of altitude and aspect on efficiency of producing essence and phytochemical properties of Artemisia aucheri Boiss. and Artemisia sieberi Besser. in South Khorasan rangelands. Journal of Rangeland, 12(3): 281-294.

- Armand, N. and Jahantab, E., 2019. Phytochemical study of essential oil of Smyrnium cordifolium Boiss. in different habitats of Boyer Ahmad city. Journal of Rangeland, 13(1): 39-51.

- Azadi, B., 2013. Volatile constituents of Hypericum asperulum Jaub. & Spach aerial parts from Iran. International Journal of Phytomedicine, 5: 367-372.

- Azadi, R., 1999. Flora of Iran, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Iran, 67p.

- Azizi, M. and Omidbaigi, R., 2002. Effect of NP supply on herb yield, hypericin content and cadmium accumulation of St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.). Acta Horticulturae, 576: 267-271.

- Azizi, M., 2000. The study on the effect of physiological and environmental factors on growth, yield and active substances in Hypericum perforatum in vitro and in vivo condition. Ph.D. thesis, Department of Horticulture, University of Tehran, Iran.

- Bahreininejad, B. and Mirza, M., 2019. Effects of ecological factors on essential oil components of several genotypes of Thymus daenensis Celak using ordination technique. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 35(2): 196-208.

- Baser, K.H.C., Qzek, T., Nuriddinov, H.R. and Demirci, A.B., 2002. Essential oils of two Hypericum species from Uzbekistan. Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 38(1): 54-57.

- Cirak, C., Radusiene, J., Janulis, V., Ivanauskas, L. and Camas, N., 2011. Phenolic constituents of Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra (Guttiferae) growing in Turkey: variation among populations and plant parts. Turkish Journal of Biology, 35: 449-456.

- Conforti, F., Statti, G.A., Tundis, R., Bianchi, A., Agrimonti, C., Sacchetti, G., Andreotti, E., Menichini, F. and Poli, F., 2005. Comparative chemical composition and variability of biological activity of methanolic extracts from Hypericum perforatum L. Natural Product Research, 19(3): 295-303.

- Crockett, S., 2010. Essential oil and volatile components of the genus Hypericum (Hypericaceae). Natural Product Communications, 5(9):1493-506.

- Dadkhah, A., Roshanaei, K., Fatemi, F., Kazemi, M., Alipour, M. and Abdolmohammadi, M.H., 2014. Biological properties of Iranian Hypericum scabrum essential oil and hydro alcoholic extract from Alamut mountain. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 17(2): 186-195.

- Del Monte, D., De Martino, L., Marandino, A., Fratianni, F., Nazzaro, F. and De Feo, V., 2015. Phenolic content, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Hypericum perfoliatum L. Industrial Crops and Products, 74: 342-347.

- Ebadi, A., Morshedloo, M.R., Fatahi Moghaddam, M.R. and Yazdani, D., 2011. Evaluation of some population of Hypericum perforatum L. using agro-morphological traits and most components of essential oil. Plant Production Technology, 3(1): 1-14.

- Eslami, B., Nabavi, S.F., Nabavi, S.M., Ebrahimzadeh, M.A. and Mahmoudi, M., 2011. Pharmacological activities of Hypericum scabrum L. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 15: 532-537.

- Fasina, O.O. and Colley, Z., 2008. Viscosity and specific heat of vegetable oils as a function of temperature: 35°C to 180°C. International Journal of Food Properties, 11: 738-746.

- Figueiredo, A.C., Barroso, J.G., Pedro, L.G. and Scheffer, J.J.C., 2008. Factors affecting secondary metabolite production in plants: volatile components and essential oils. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 23(4): 213-226.

- Glisic, S., Popadic, S. and Skala, D., 2006. St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) supercritical extraction, antimicrobial and antidepressant activity of extract and their components. Chemistry and Industry, 60: 61-72.

- Gudzic, B., Dordevic, S., Palic, R. and Stojanovic, G., 2001. Essential oils Hypericum olympicum L. and Hypericum perforatum L. Flavor and Fragrance Journal, 16: 201-203.

- Hakimoglu, F., Kizil, G., Kanay, Z., Kizil, M. and Isi, H., 2007. The effect of ethanol extract of Hypericum lysimachioides on lipid profile in hypercholesterolemic rabbits and its in vitro antioxidant activity. Atherosclerosis, 192: 113-122.

- Hasani, A., 2006. Effect of water deficit stress on growth, yield and essential oil content of Dracocephalum moldavica. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 22(3): 251-26.

- Jaimand, K., Rezaee, M.B., Mirza, M., Naderi, M., Mozaffarian, V., Azadi, R., Golipoor, M. and Karimi, Sh., 2013. Essential Oil Composition of Eight Hypericum species (Hypericaceae) from Iran. Journal of Medicinal Plants and By-products, 1: 61-68.

- Khorshidi, J., Shokrpour, M. and Nazeri, V., 2019. Influence of some climatic and soil conditions on essential oil quantity and quality of different Thymus daenensis Celak subsp. daenensis ecotypes. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science, 50(1): 13-23.

- Lusia, J., Uelas, J.P., Alessio, G.A. and Estiarte, M., 2006. Seasonal contrasting changes of foliar concentrations of terpenes and other volatile organic compounds in four dominant species of a mediterranean shrubland submitted to a field experimental drought and warming. Physiologia Plantarum, 127: 632-649.

- Mahmoodi Sourestani, M., 2016. The study on diurnal changes in leaf gas exchange of lemon balm, catnip, holy basil and sweet basil in Ahvaz. Journal of Horticultural Science, 30(3): 395-405.

- Maskovic, P.Z., Mladenovic, J.D., Cvijovic, M.S., Dokovic, G.A., Solujic, S.R. and Radojkovic, M.M., 2011. Phenolic content, antioxidant and antifungal activities of acetonic, ethanolic and petroleum ether extracts of Hypericum perforatum L. Hemijska Industrija, 65(2): 159-164.

- Misra, A., Dwivedi, S., Srivastava, A.K., Tewari, D.K., Khan, A. and Kumar, R., 2006. Low iron stress nutrition for evaluation of Fe-efficient genotype physiology, photosynthesis, and essential monoterpene oil (s) yield of Ocimum sanctum. Photosynthetica, 44(3): 474-477.

- Morshedloo, M.R., Ebadi, A., Fatahi Moghaddam, M.R. and Yazdani, D., 2012. Essential oil composition, total phenol compounds and antioxidant activity of Hypericum perforatum L. extract collected from north of Iran. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 41(1): 218-226.

- Morteza-Semnani, K., Saeedi, M. and Changizi, Sh., 2006. The essential oil composition of Hypericum scabrum L. from Iran. Flavour and Fragrance, 21: 513-515.

- Motamedi, J., Ahmadzadeh, N., Alijanpour, A. and Sheidaei Karkaj, E., 2019. Ecological and morphological characteristics of Verbascum speciosum Schrader. in Sahand rangelands. Journal of Rangeland, 13(1): 76-89.

- Nabavi, S.J., Zali, S.H., Ghorbani, J. and Kazemi, S.Y., 2016. Evaluation of soil physical and chemical properties and their respect with essential cones of Juniperus communis in mountainous rangelands of Hezarjarib- Mazandaran province. Journal of Plant Researches, 29(3): 608-618.

- Novakovic, J., Rajcevic, N., Garcia-Jacas, N., Susanna, A., D Marin, P. and Janackovic, P., 2019. Capitula essential oil composition of seven Centaurea species (sect. Acrocentron, Asteraceae)- taxonomic implication and ecological significance. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 83: 83-90.

- Ozturk, N., Tuncel, M. and Potoglu Erkara, I., 2009. Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of some Hypericum species: A comparative study with H. perforatum. Pharmaceutical Biology, 47(2): 120-127.

- Pourmorad, F., Hosseinimehr, S.J. and Shahabimajd, N., 2006. Antioxidant activity, phenol and flavonoid contents of some selected Iranian medicinal plants. African Journal of Biotechnology, 5(11): 1142-1145.

- Radusienea, J., Judzentieneb, A. and Bernotieneb, G., 2005. Essential oil composition and variability of Hypericum perforatum L. growing in Lithuania. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 55: 113-24.

- Renu, K.C. and Devarshi, S., 2007. Acclimation to drought stress generates oxidative stress tolerance in drought resistant than susceptible wheat cultivar under field conditions. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 60: 276-283.

- Riazi, A., Majnoun Hosseini, N., Naghdi Badi, H., Naghavi, M.R. and Rezazadeh, Sh., 2015. Phytochemical characteristics evaluation of 25 Hypericum perforatum L. populations in Iran’s natural habitats. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 31(1): 63-80.

- Sagratini, G., Ricciutelli, M., Vittori, S., Ozturk, N., Ozturk, Y. and Maggi, F., 2008. Phytochemical and antioxidant analysis of eight Hypericum taxa from central Italy. Fitoterapia, 79: 210-213.

- Sirvent, T. and Gibson, D., 2002. Induction of hypericins and hyperforin in Hypericum perforatum L. in response to biotic and chemical elicitors. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 60(6): 311-320.

- Suntar, I.P., Akkol, E.K., Yilmazer, D., Baykal, T., Kirmizibekmez, H., Alper, M. and Yesilada, E., 2010. Investigations on the in vivo wound healing potential Hypericum perforatum L. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 127: 468-477.

- Tozlu, E., Cakir, A., Kordali, S., Tozlu, G., Ozer, H. and Aytas Akcin, T., 2011. Chemical compositions and insecticidal effects of essential oils isolated from Achillea gypsicola, Satureja hortensis, Origanum acutidens and Hypericum scabrum against broadbean weevil (Bruchus dentipes). Scientia Horticulturae, 130: 9-17.

Comparison of growth properties, essential oil content, total phenol, and antioxidant potential of different populations of three Hypericum species (H. scabrum L., H. asperulum Jaub. & Spach. and H. vermiculare)

References

References

Volume 36, Issue 4 - Serial Number 102September and October 2020Pages 655-669

Volume 36, Issue 4 - Serial Number 102
September and October 2020
Pages 655-669