Effects of terminal drought stress and harvesting time on seed yield and essential oil content of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)

Pouryousef, M.

doi:10.22092/ijmapr.2015.11924

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

M. Pouryousef

Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran

https://doi.org/10.22092/ijmapr.2015.11924

Abstract

To study the changes of yield and essential oil of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) under drought stress condition and different harvesting times, a field experiment was conducted at College of Agriculture, University of Zanjan in the spring of 2011. The experiment was conducted as a split plot based on complete randomized block design with three replications. In this study, the effects of water stress in three levels including control, drought stress at flowering and grain filling stages were assigned to the main plots and three harvesting times including harvest at soft dough (58% moisture content of grain), hard dough (37% moisture content of grain) and maturity stages (16 % moisture content of grain) were assigned to the sub plots. Results showed that the effect of drought stress on grain and essential oil yield, grain essential oil content, 1000-grain weight, number of umbellet in umbrella, number of grain in umbellet, number of grain in umbrella was significant (p ≤ 0.05). Majority of mentioned traits decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) under drought stress condition. Therefore, the highest grain yield (1436.63 kg/ha) and essential oil yield (34.54 kg/ha) were obtained in control treatment (full irrigation) and the lowest amounts of mentioned traits were obtained in drought stress at grain filling stage. According to the obtained results, the effect of harvest time on grain and essential oil yield, grain essential oil content, 1000-grain weight, number of grain in umbellet and number of grain in umbrella, was significant (p≤0.01). Therefore, the highest and lowest grain yield (1425.75 and 784.81 kg/ha) was obtained in hard dough and maturity stages, respectively. In addition, the highest essential oil yield (33.97 kg/ha) was obtained in hard dough stage but there was no significant difference about essential oil yield between hard dough and maturity stages. It can be concluded that the fennel plant is sensitive to drought stress at reproductive growth stages and the quantity and quality of fennel yield can be affected by harvest time.

Keywords

References

- امیدبیگی، ر.، ١٣٨۶. تولید و فرآوری گیاهان دارویی (جلد سوم). انتشارات آستان قدس رضوی، مشهد، ٣٢٥ صفحه.

- خزاعی، ح.، ثابت تیموری، م. و نجفی، ف. ١٣٨٦. بررسی اثر رژیمهای مختلف آبیاری و میزان کاشت بذر بر دانه سیاه‌دانه (Nigella sativa). پژوهش و سازندگی. ٧٣: ١٣٨-١٣٣.

- زهتاب سلماسی، س.، ١٣٨٠. بررسی اثرات اکوفیزیولوژیک آبیاری و تاریخ کاشت بر روی رشد، عملکرد، اسانس و آنتول در گیاه دارویی انیسون. پایان‌نامه دکتری، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز.

- عسگری، ف.، سفیدکن، ف. و میرزا، م.، ١٣٧٧. بررسی کمّی و کیفی ترکیبات موجود در اسانس بادیان رومی. پژوهش و سازندگی،
٣٨: ١١٤-١١٠.

- میرعبدالهی، س.م.، 1390. تغییرات میزان و ترکیب اسانس گیاه دارویی رازیانه تحت شرایط آبیاری محدود. پایان‌نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه زنجان.

- Abreu, I.N. and Mazzafera, P., 2005. Effect of water and temperature stress on the content of active constituents of Hypercium brasiliense choisy. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 43(3): 241-248.

- Abreu, I.N., Porto, A.L.M., Marsaioli, A.J. and Mazzafera, P., 2004. Distribution of bioactive substance from Hypercium brasilians during plant growth. Plant Science, 167: 949-954.

- Akbarinia, A., Khosravifard, M., Sharifi Ashourabadi, E. and Babakhanlou, P., 2005. Effect of irrigation intervals on yield and agronomic characterstics of black cumin (Nigella sativa). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 21(1): 65-73.

- Ardakani, M.R., Abbaszadeh, B., Sharifi Ashourabadi, E., Lebaschi, M.H. and Packnejad, F., 2007. The effect of water deficit on quantitative and qualitative characters of balm (Melissa officinalis L.). Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 23(2): 251-261.

- Bannayan, M., Nadjafi, F., Azizi, M., Tabrizi, L. and Rastgoo, M. 2008. Yield and seed quality of Plantago ovata and Nigella sativa under different irrigation treatments. Industrial Crops and Products, 27: 11-16.

- Dunford, N.D. and Vazquez, R.S., 2005. Effect of water stress on plant growth and thymol and carvacrol concentrations in Mexican oregano grown under controlled conditions. Journal of Applied Horticulture, 7(1): 20-22.

- Fischer, R.A and Maurer, R., 1987. Drought resistance in spring wheat cultivars. I. Grain yield responses. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 29(5): 897-912.

- Gershenzon, J., 1984. Changes in levels of plant secondary metabolites under water and nutrient stress. Phytochemical Adaptation to Stress, Recent Advances in Phytochemistry, 18: 273-320.

- Goksoy, A.T., Demir, A.O., Turan, Z.M. and Dagustu, N., 2004. Responses of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) to full and limited irrigation at different growth stages. Field crop Research, 87(2-3): 167-178.

- Heidari, N., Pouryousef, M., Tavakkoli, A. and Saba, J., 2012. Effect of drought stress and harvesting date on yield and essential oil production of anise (Pimpinella anisum L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 28(1): 121-130.

- Hsiao, T.C., 1973. Plant responses to water stress. Annual Review of Plant Physiology, 24: 519-570.

- Kazemi Saeid, F., Farahi Ashtiani, S. and Sharifi Ashour Abadi, E., 2002. Effect of water stress on seed yield and some growth traits in cumin (Cuminum cyminym). Pajouhesh & Sazandegi
(In Agronomy and Horticulture), 15(54): 42-45.

- Kelly, A.F. and George, R.A.T., 1998. Encyclopedia of Seed Production of World Crops. John Wiley and Sons, England, 416p.

- Lebaschi, M.H., Sharifi Ashourabadi, A. and Mazaheri, D., 2003. Fluctuation of hypericin under water deficit. Pajouhesh & Sazandegi (In Agronomy and Horticulture), 16(58): 44-51.

- Omidbaigi, R., Hassani, A. and Sefidkon, F., 2003. Essential oil content and composition of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) at different irrigation regimes. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 6(2):
104-108.

- Ozel, A., 2009. Anise (Pimpinella anisum): changes in yields and component composition on harvesting at different stages of plant maturity. Experimental Agriculture, 45: 117-126.

- Pouryousef, M., Tavakoli, A., Maleki, M. and Barkhordari, K., 2012. Effects of drought stress and harvesting time on grain yield and its components of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). National Congress on Medicinal Plants, Kish Island, 16-17 May: 315.

- Randhawa, G.S., Gill, B.S. and Raychaudhuri, S.P., 1992. Optimizing agronomic requirements of anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) in the Punjab. Recent Advances in Medicinal, Aromatic and Spice Crops. International Conference. New Delhi, India, 28-31 January, 1989: 413-416.

- Reffat, A.M. and Saleh, M.M. 1997. The combined effect of irrigation intervals and foliar nutrition on sweet basil plants. Bulletin of faculty of Agriculture, University of Cairo. 48(3): 515-527.

- Rezaee, M., Jaimand, K., Majd, A. and Madah, M., 2001. Effect of harvesting time on quality and quantity of essential oil from different organs of fennel. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 11: 11-23.

- Zehtab-Salmasi, S., Ghasemi-Golezani, K. and Moghbeli, S. 2006. Effect of sowing date and limited irrigation on the seed yield and quality of dill (Anethum graveolens L.). Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 30: 281-286.

Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research

Effects of terminal drought stress and harvesting time on seed yield and essential oil content of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)

References

References

Volume 30, Issue 6 - Serial Number 68
February 2015
Pages 889-897

Effects of terminal drought stress and harvesting time on seed yield and essential oil content of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)

References

References

Volume 30, Issue 6 - Serial Number 68February 2015Pages 889-897

Volume 30, Issue 6 - Serial Number 68
February 2015
Pages 889-897