Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research

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A study on the effects of Pistacia atlantica Desf. essential oil on Leishmania major in vitro and in vivo

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Parasitology Deptartment, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

2 Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran

3 Ph.D. student, Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran

4 Laboratory Science Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran

Abstract

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is one of the endemic and common diseases in many parts of our country. The use of pentavalent antimony compounds as first-line drugs for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis have several limitations and side effects. Hence the herbal drug can be good alternatives. In the present study, the effect of essential oil of Pistacia atlantica Desf. on the growth of Leishmania major was investigated in in vivo and in vitro conditions. Initially, the essential oil of Pistacia atlantica with dilution of 1:50 to 1:3200 was evaluated on the promastigotes of Leishmania major, non-infected macrophages, and infected macrophages with amastigotes, in in vitro with MTT and flow cytometry tests. Also, the IC50 of the essential oil on the promastigotes of the Leishmania major (MRHO/IR/75/ER) was calculated. The ointment of Pistacia atlantica essential oil was used for treatment in in vivo condition. BALB /c mice were divided into three groups and in each group five mice including treated group with ointment of essential, treated group with glucantime and non-treated control group. The treatment was performed daily and once a day for four weeks. To assess the effect of the drugs, the wound diameter and weight and the mortality rate of the mice were measured every week. The ointment of Pistacia atlantica essential oil could inhibit the wounds diameter caused by Leishmania major. The flow cytometry results showed that Pistacia atlantica essential oil could create 10% apoptosis in the treated promastigotes. Overall, Pistacia atlantica essential oil was effective in eliminating the amastigotes of Leishmania major in the macrophages and culture media, and also the survival rate differences of treated mice and control group were significant.

Keywords

References
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Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research
Volume 35, Issue 1 - Serial Number 93
March and April 2019
Pages 44-53
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