Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
Academic member of Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands
Abstract
Fennel is one of the precious medicinal plant, widely used in pharmacy, perfume, cosmetic, hygienic and food industries. The essential oils extracted by water and steam distilled (Long & Kaiser) method from seeds, flowers,leaves and stems of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) in different vegetative phases was analyzed by GC and GC/MS.
Essential oils content in different organs were in seeds (2.5%), in floweres (2.8%).and in leaves and stems before flowering, flowering time and seed maturity time were (1.20%, 1.08%) and (0.42%, 0.47%, 0.26%) respectivly. The major constituents in seeds and flowers were: trans-anethole (68.4%, 84.0%), fenchon (4.6%, 7.7%) , estragol (2.5%, 3.5%), and limonene + 1,8-cineole (19.3%, 3.9%), which percentage of these component in leaves and stems extermly were due to growning stage. This componenets in leaves before flowering and in flowering time were anethole (58.6%, 28.3%), fenchone (2.9%, 2.5%), estragol (1.7% , 1%) and limonene +1,8 cineole (27.1%, 58.5%) and in stems before flowering, flowering time and after the formation of seed were respectivly anethole (78%,44.2%,0.3%), fenchon (2.5%, 1.8%,0.3%), estragol (1.7%, 2.1%, 0.6%) and limonen +1,8 cineole (4.6%, 23.6%, 56.5%).With increasing of leaves and stems age, trans-anethole will decrease and limonene + 1,8-cineole are increased.
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