Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen Branch, Roudehen, Iran
2 M.Sc. student, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen Branch, Roudehen, Iran
Abstract
To study the effects of vermicompost and foliar application of amino acids and urea on quantity and quality of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.), an experiment was conducted at RAN Field Research Station in Firouzkuh, Iran in 2012. The factors were vermicompost (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12t/ha) and foliar spraying (non-spraying or control, amino acid and urea spraying). The experimental design was factorial based on a randomized complete blocks design with 15 treatments and three replications. Results showed that the highest plant height (35.27cm), flower number per plant (181.75), and dry flower yield (2053.7kg/ha) were obtained by urea foliar application. While, the highest essential oil (0.59%), and chamazulene (7.13%), essential oil yield (11.98kg/ha) and chamazulen yield (854.17g/ha) were obtained by amino acid spraying on the plants. The application of vermicompost at a rate of 12 t ha-1 could increase all measured traits significantly. The results of interaction effects showed that the application of vermicompost at a rate of 12 t ha-1 and foliar application of amino acid had positive and significant effects on dry flower yield and chamazulen yield.
Keywords
- Al-Said, M.A. and Kamal, A.M., 2008. Effect of foliar spray with folic acid and some amino acids on flowering yield and quality of sweet pepper. Journal of Agricultural Sciences Mansoura University, 33(10): 7403-7412.
- Ameri, A., Nasiri Mahallati, M. and Rezvani Moghadam, P., 2007. Effects of nitrogen and plant density on nitrogen use efficiency, flower yield and active substances of marigold (Calendula officinalis). Iranian Field Crop Research, 5(2): 315-325.
- Anonymous., 2009. Agricultural production-micro organo liquid, amino powder, amino start and spurt. Agrowchem Inc. Ontario, Canada, 3p.
- Anwar, M., Patra, D.D., Chand, S., Alpesh, K., Naqvi, A.A. and Khanuja, S.P.S., 2005. Effect of organic manures and inorganic fertilizer on growth, herb and oil yield, nutrient accumulation, and oil quality of French basil. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 36(13-14): 1737-1746.
- Arguello, J.A., Ledesma, A., Nunez, S.B., Rodriguez, C.H. and Goldfarb, M.D.D., 2006. Vermicompost effects on bulbing dynamics, nonstructural carbohydrate content, yield, and quality of Rosado paraguayo garlic bulbs. HortScience, 41(3): 589-592.
- Atiyeh, R.M., Subler, S., Edwards, C.A., Bachman, G., Metzger, J.D. and Shuster, W., 2000. Effect of vermicomposts and composts in horticultural container media and soil. Pedo Biologia, 44: 579-590.
- Azizi, M., Lekzian, A. and Baghani, M., 2005. Effects of various amounts of vermicompost on growth indices and essential oil content of basil. Proceedings of the Second National Medicinal Plants Congress, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Shahed, Tehran, 26-27 January: 62.
- Azizi, M., Rahmati, M., Ebadi, T. and Hasanzadeh Khayyat, M., 2009. The effects of different drying methods on weight loss rate, essential oil and chamazolene contents of chamomile (Matricaria recutita) flowers. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 25(2): 182-192.
- Azizi, M., Rezwanee, F., Hassanzadeh Khayyat, M., Lekzian, A. and Neamati, H., 2008. The effect of different levels of vermicompost and irrigation on morphological properties and essential oil content of German chamomile (Matricariarecutita variety Goral). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 24(1): 82-93.
- Awad, M.M., Abd El Hameed, A.M. and Shall, Z.S., 2007. Effect of glycin, lysine and nitrogen fertilizer rates on growth, yield and chemical composition of potato. Journal of Agricultural Sciences Mansoura University, 32(10): 8541-8551.
- Chand, S., Pande, P., Prasad, A., Anwar, M. and Patra, D.D., 2007. Influence of Integrated supply of vermicompost and zinc-enriched compost with two graed levels of iron and zinc on the productivity of geranium. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 38: 2581-2599.
- Darzi, M.T., Ghalavand, A., Sefidkon, F. and Rejali, F., 2008. Effects of vermicompost and biophosphate fertilizer on quantity and quality of essential oil of fennel. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 24(4): 396-413.
- Ebadi, M.T., Azizi, M., Omidbeigi, R. and Hassanzadeh Khayyat, M., 2009. The effect of sowing date and seeding levels on quantitative and qualitative yield of chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) CV. Presov. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 25(3): 296-308.
- El-Shabasi, M.S.S., Mohamed, S.M.A. and Mahfouz, S.A., 2005. Effect of foliar spray with amino acids on growth, yield and chemical composition of garlic plants. The 6th Arabian Conference for Horticulture, Ismailia, Egypt.
- Fallahi, G., Koocheki, A.R. and Rezvani Moghadam, P., 2009. Effects of organic fertilizers on quantitative indices, essential oil and chamazulene content in chamomile. Water, Soil and Plant in Agriculture, 8: 157-168.
- Faten, S.A., Shaheen, A.M., Ahmed, A.A. and Mahmoud, A.R., 2010. Effect of foliar application of amino acids as antioxidant on growth, yield and characteristics of squash. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Science, 6(5): 583-588.
- Foster, S., 1991. Chamomile: Matricaria recutita & Chamaemelum nobile (Botanical series). American Botanical Council, Austin, Texas, 7p.
- Gardezi, A.K., Ferrera, R., Acuna, J.L. and Saavedra, M.L., 2000. Sesbania emerus urban inoculated with Glomus sp. in the presence of vermicompost. Mycorrhiza News, 12(3): 12-15.
- Ghazi Manas, M., Banj Shafiee, S., Haj Seyed Hadi, M.R. and Darzi, M.T., 2013. Effects of vermicompost and nitrogen on quantitative and qualitative yeild of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 29(2): 269-280.
- Golzadeh, H., Mehrafarin, A., Naghdi Badi, H., Fazeli, F., Ghaderi, A. and Zarincheh, N., 2011. Effects of bio-stimulants on quantitative and qualitative yield of German chamomile. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 11(41): 195-207.
- Haj Seyed Hadi, M.R., Darzi, M.T., Riazi, G. and Ghandehari, Z., 2011. Effects of vermicompost and amino acids on the flower yield and essential oil production from Matricaria chamomile. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(23): 5611-5617.
- Hameeda, B., Rupela, O.P., Reddy. G. and Satyavani, K., 2006. Application of plant growth promoting bacteria associated with compost and macrofauna for growth promotion of pearl millet. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 44(2): 260-266.
- Jamshidi, K., 2000. Effects of row distances and plant density on quantitative characteristics of chamomile. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Science, 31(1): 203-209.
- Kapoor, R., Giri, B. and Mukerji, K.G., 2004. Improved growth and essential oil yield and quality in Foeniculum vulgare Mill. on mycorrhizal inoculation supplemented with P-fertilizer. Bioresource Technology, 93: 307-311.
- Karuppaiah, P., Manivonnar, K., Sriramach Andrasakaron, M.V. and Kuppusamy, G., 2000. Responses of cucumber to foliar application of nutrients on Lignite mine spoil. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science, 49(1): 150-153.
- Minaee, P., Haj Seyed Hadi, M.R., Darzi, M.T. and Shahsavar, A.M., 2013. Effects of nitrogen fixing bacteria and amino acids spraying on yield and yield components of mungbean (Vigna Radiata). Annals of Biological Research, 4(8): 265-269.
- Omidbeigi, O., 2000. Approaches to Production and Processing of Medicinal Plants (Vol. 3). Astan Quds Razavi Publications, Mashhad, Iran, 400p.
- Pandey, R., 2005. Management of Meloidogyne incognita in Artemisia pallens with bio-organics. Nematology, 33(3): 304-308.
- Paturde, J.T., Wankhade, S.G., Khode, P.P., Chatol, P.U., Deo, D.D. and Bhuyar, S.A., 2002. Effect of organic manures and plant population on yield of safed musli (Chlorophytum borivallianum). Agricultural Science Digest, 22(1): 51-52.
- Ratti, N., Kumar, S., Verma, H.N. and Gautam, S.P., 2001. Improvement in bioavailability of tricalcium phosphate to Cymbopogon martinii var. motia by rhizobacteria, AMF and Azospirillum inoculation. Microbiological Research, 156: 145-149.
- Saburi, M., Haj Seyed Hadi, M.R. and Darzi, M.T., 2014. Effects of amino acids and nitrogen fixing bacteria on quantitative yield and essential oil content of basil (Ocimum basilicum). Journal of Agricultural Science Developments, 3(8): 265-268.
- Saha, R., Palit, S., Ghosh, B.C. and Mittra, B.N., 2005. Performance of Aloe vera as influenced by organic and inorganic sources of fertilizer supplied through fertigation. Acta Horticulturae, 676: 171-175.
- Salehi, A., Ghalavand, A., Sefidkon, F. and Asgharzadeh, A., 2010. Effects of organic and biofertilizers on flower yield, essential oil content and essential oil yield of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.). Proceedings of 11th Congress of Crop Production and Plant Breeding. Research Institute of Environmental Science, University of Shshid Beheshti, 24-26 July: 35.
- Shaalan, M.N., 2005. Effect of compost and different sources of biofertilizers, on borage plants (Borago officinalis L.). Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research, 83(1): 271-284.
- Sharma, A.K., 2002. Biofertilizers for Sustainable Agriculture. Agrobios, India, 407p.
- Thomas, J., Mandal, A.K.A., Raj Kumar, R. and Murugan, A.C., 2009. Role of biologically active amino acid formulations on quality and crop productivity of Tea (Camellia sp.). International Journal of Agricultural Research, 4(7): 228-36.
- Zeinali, H., Poorjafar, M., Bagheri, M., Golparvar, M.R. and Shirani Rad, H., 2008. Effects of sowing date and nitrogen fertilizer on flower yield and its components in chamomile (Matricaria recutita). Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences, 10(3): 220-230.
)