Agriculture and horticulture
P. Karimi; A. Sahraroo; H. Zakizadeh; M.H. Biglouei; B. Faraji
Abstract
Chelidonium majus L. has a special place among medicinal plants with its alkaloid and extensive pharmacological properties. To investigate the effects of irrigation interval and ammonium nitrate on some of this medicinal plant properties, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized ...
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Chelidonium majus L. has a special place among medicinal plants with its alkaloid and extensive pharmacological properties. To investigate the effects of irrigation interval and ammonium nitrate on some of this medicinal plant properties, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications in the research greenhouse of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, the University of Guilan, in 2017. The experimental factors included irrigation interval at three levels of 4 (I1), 8 (I2), and 12 (I3) days and ammonium nitrate at five levels of 0 (N0), 45 (N1), 60 (N2), 75 (N3), and 95 (N4) kg.ha-1. The ANOVA results showed that the interaction of irrigation interval and nitrogen fertilizer was significant on root fresh weight, fresh and aerial parts dry weight, total dry weight, and root volume at 5% probability level and root dry weight, total fresh weight, and alkaloid content of roots or aerial parts at 1% probability level. The highest root fresh weight (68.92 g.plant-1) was obtained in the I2N0 treatment. Also, the highest aerial parts fresh weight (33.54 g.plant-1) and total plant fresh weight (92.92 g.plant-1) were observed in the I2N4 treatment. The highest root (1.72 mg.g-1 DW) and aerial parts (1.23 mg.g-1 DW) alkaloid content was obtained in the I3N1 and I2N0 treatments, respectively. Overall, the 8-day irrigation interval with increasing the fertilizer amount and 12-day irrigation interval with less fertilizer amount (0-60 kg.ha-1) treatments could be recommended in the production of Ch. majus under greenhouse cultivation, respectively in terms of yield and different parts alkaloid content.
M. Modarres
Abstract
Salvia leriifolia Benth., belonging to Lamiaceae, has antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and antioxidant properties. In order to callus induction from apical meristem and embryo of salvia leriifolia to produce phenolic acids, an experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design. ...
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Salvia leriifolia Benth., belonging to Lamiaceae, has antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and antioxidant properties. In order to callus induction from apical meristem and embryo of salvia leriifolia to produce phenolic acids, an experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design. The apical meristem and embryo explants were cultured in MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D (0, 1, 2, 3mg/L), KIN (0, 0.3, 1mg/L), BAP (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3mg/L) and NAA (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5mg/L). The fresh and dry weights were evaluated and accumulation of phenolic acids was measured after four weeks of culture by HPLC. The best treatments for callus induction and growth was at the 2,4-D 2mg/L and KIN 1mg/L. Accumulation of caffeic acid in embryo callus was higher than that of leaves of Salvia leriifolias and concentration of rosmarinic acid was comparable to the leaves. The highest salvianolic acid B concentration was found in callus of apical meristem that was about four times higher than that of leaves.
Z. Moghadassi; M. Emtyazjoo; M. Rabanie; M. Emtyazjoo; F. Labibie; E. Azarghashb; N. Mosaffa
Abstract
Aquatic plants have been used prevalently in China since 3000 years ago due to having various chemical compounds for diseases prevention and cure. Dunaliella salina is one of the micro algae in marine ecosystems containing beta-carotene, retinal, apocarotenoides, ketones, aldehydes and epoxides which ...
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Aquatic plants have been used prevalently in China since 3000 years ago due to having various chemical compounds for diseases prevention and cure. Dunaliella salina is one of the micro algae in marine ecosystems containing beta-carotene, retinal, apocarotenoides, ketones, aldehydes and epoxides which enable it to absorb free radicals and produce singlet oxygen. In many studies, the anti-cancer and anti-oxidant effects of these chemical compounds have been confirmed. In this study, squamous cell skin cancer was used. The main goal of this research was to study the killing effects of the ethanol extract from the mentioned alga against Squamous cell carcinoma in vitro through using tetrazolium salt under in vitro conditions. Dunaliella Salina was collected from Hoz-Soltan Salt Lake located in the northeast of Qom. Algae were cultured on Johnson Medium. Algae mass were purified with PBS and then freeze dried. A431 cell line obtained from Pasteur Institution was cultured in RPMI medium containing FBS 10%. Cells were incubated with 5% CO2 in presence of different concentrations 0, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 μg/ml of extracts in time periods of 6, 24, and 48 hours. Results of the statistical analysis showed that there was a significant difference among various extract concentrations on death cells in 24 h and 48 h incubation (P < 0.05). Lc50 of different concentrations of extract against skin carcinoma cell line were evaluated in incubation period of 6, 24, and 48 hours. Lc50 results after 48 hours showed value of 46.6 6 μg/ml. The ethanol extract of Dunaliella algae was analyzed by HPLC in order to evaluate the available beta carotene in algae. Our results confirm the killing effect of ethanol extract of Dunaliella against line Squamous cell carcinoma. With increasing extract concentration and incubation time, death of cells on the skin cancer cell line increased. Therefore, Dunaliella can be considered as a strong chemopreventive agent and anti cancer against this cell line.
E. Jamshidi; A. Ghalavand; F. Sefidkon; E. Goltaph
Abstract
In order to study the effects of different nutrition systems (Organic and Chemical) on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Fennel (Foeniculum valgare Mill.) under water deficit stress, an experiment was conducted as split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications ...
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In order to study the effects of different nutrition systems (Organic and Chemical) on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Fennel (Foeniculum valgare Mill.) under water deficit stress, an experiment was conducted as split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the field station of Tarbiat Modares University in Peykan Shahr during cropping season of 2009. In this study, the main plots were three irrigation regime levels (Soil water content of 40% as the control treatment (C1), 60% (C2) and 80% (C3)) and sub-plots were different nutrition systems (10 ton/ha cattle manure, 10 ton/ha spent mushroom compost, 5 ton/ha cattle manure + 5 tan/ha spent mushroom compost and chemical fertilizer). Although the result showed that water deficit stress caused an increase in essential oil percentage, grain yield and essential oil yield decreased extremely under water deficit stress. The results showed that different nutrition systems significantly affected grain yield, essential oil yield and fenchone (p ≤ 0.01). Mean comparisons showed that using mushroom compost in favorable irrigation condition resulted in maximum essential oil yield (31.8 Kg.ha-1). This result was confirmed as the higher grain yield (1289.8 Kg.ha-1) obtained in the same treatment.
Sh. Rezvanypour; A. Hatamzadeh
Abstract
This experiment was done to investigate effect of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus Labill.)essential oils on gladiolus. Gladiolus is one of the most important ornamental plants whose production is threatened by Fusarium corm rot. Essential oils of Thyme and Eucalyptus are ...
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This experiment was done to investigate effect of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus Labill.)essential oils on gladiolus. Gladiolus is one of the most important ornamental plants whose production is threatened by Fusarium corm rot. Essential oils of Thyme and Eucalyptus are recommended as alternative for chemical fungicides for corms disinfection, but there is not considerable investigation about potential effects of these essential oils on growth and flowering of gladiolus in the greenhouse or field conditions. For this purpose, gladiolus corms were soaked at three concentrations of essential oils of Thyme (1000, 2000 and 3000 ppm) and Eucalyptus (2000, 4000 and 6000 ppm), and distilled water (control) for 14 hours before planting. The results showed that Thyme treatment at 1000 ppm increased the number of leaf and floret, root length, corm and cormlet production, and accelerated flowering. Other treatments delayed the sprouting and flowering time and significantly decreased sprouting percentage, height and number of leaves, root length, and chlorophyll content. Eucalyptus essential oil at concentrations more than 2000 ppm had negative effects ongladiolus, so that corm sprouting and flowering were inhibited at 6000 ppm and 4000 pp, respectively. Peroxidase enzyme activity increased after treatment with both essential oils but with a different trend. The activity of this enzyme in corms treated with thyme remained at a high level during the growth period; however, in corms treated with eucalyptus it was decreased significantly.
A. Poshtdar; A.R. Abdali Mashhadi; F. Moradi; S.A. Siadat; A. Bakhshandeh
Abstract
A range of methods are applied to enhance secondary metabolism in medicinal plants. Treatment of the plants with elicitors is one of these approaches. Salicylic acid (SA) exerts a positive impact on plant growth and yield. The present study, as a biannual field experiment, investigates the response of ...
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A range of methods are applied to enhance secondary metabolism in medicinal plants. Treatment of the plants with elicitors is one of these approaches. Salicylic acid (SA) exerts a positive impact on plant growth and yield. The present study, as a biannual field experiment, investigates the response of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) to different rates of SA under different regimes of nitrogen nutrition during years of 2014-2015. The experiment was made as a random complete block design based on split-plot with three replicates. The treatments included nitrogen fertilization rate as the main factor (0, 70, 140, 210, and 280 kg N ha-1 applied as urea) and salicylic acid, as the sub factor, was spayed at different concentrations (0, 100, 200, and 300 μM). In both years, the highest nitrate reductase activity was found in the roots of the plants treated with 200 μM SA and fertilized with 280 kg N ha-1. Interestingly, the foliar activity of the enzyme was influenced only by nitrogen, whereas the highest rate of activity was determined using 280 kg N ha-1 (2.87 and 2.82 μM nitrite g-1 FW h-1, respectively in the first and second year). Higher concentration of SA caused to increased content of nitrogen and free amino acid in the plants fertilized with higher rates of nitrogen. Nitrate, total phenol, and soluble carbohydrates content of leaf was reduced in both years as the result of high rate of nitrogen and high concentration of SA applied. In the first and the second year, the highest fresh yields (3316.2 and 3480.7 g m-2, respectively), the highest dry yields (811.7 and 855.6 g m-2, respectively) and essence (13.01 and 15.2 mL m-2, respectively) were obtained through annual application of 210 kg N ha-1. Collectively, the application of 210 kg N ha-1 together with SA (200μM) is recommended to achieve desired quantitative and qualitative yield.
M. Panahyan Kivi
Abstract
Due to the irrigation water crisis and the necessity of water resources management as well as the positive role of elements such as zinc in reducing the negative effects of drought stress, a field experiment was carried out as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications ...
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Due to the irrigation water crisis and the necessity of water resources management as well as the positive role of elements such as zinc in reducing the negative effects of drought stress, a field experiment was carried out as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Cooperative research field of Yashil Bakhar, Ardebil in 2017. In this research, yield and its components and essential oil of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) were investigated in reaction to zinc sulfate foliar spray under drought stress conditions. The experimental factors consisted of four levels of irrigation: irrigation after 70, 100, 130 and 160 millimeter evaporation from class A pan, and three levels of zinc sulfate foliar spray: control (water foliar spray) and foliar spray with three (Zn1:3 g ZnSO4/L) and six (Zn2: 6 g ZnSO4/L) per thousand concentrations. Irrigation and zinc sulfate foliar spray treatments were allocated to the main and sub plots, respectively. The results showed that drought stress reduced the number of umbels per plant, seeds per umbel, seeds per plant, and biological and seed yield. Zinc sulfate foliar spray at Zn2 level resulted in a significant increase in the number of umbels per plant (10.7), biological (21.1%) and grain (21.2%) yield. Under drought stress conditions, the percentage of coriander seeds essential oil increased by 49.2%, but the essential oil yield (1.02 kg ha-1) decreased. The essential oil yield was significantly increased by 27.4% with zinc sulfate foliar spray at Zn2 level. There was no statistically significant difference between Zn1 and Zn2 levels of zinc sulfate foliar spray. Therefore, 3 g ZnSo4/L foliar spray in areas with climatic conditions and soil similar to the research site is recommended to improve the yield and essential oil of coriander.
S. Asadi Sanam; M. Zavareh; H. Pirdashti; F. Sefidkon; Gh.A. Nematzadeh; A. Hashempour
Abstract
This research was aimed to investigate the effect of planting date and soil flooding duration on some biochemical characteristics of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench) in Sari region. The study was conducted in a RCBD based split plot with three replications in the Research Farm of the ...
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This research was aimed to investigate the effect of planting date and soil flooding duration on some biochemical characteristics of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench) in Sari region. The study was conducted in a RCBD based split plot with three replications in the Research Farm of the Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, in 2012. Experimental treatments included three planting dates (June 30, July 30 and August 29) and three soil flooding durations (without flooding as control, three and five-day flooding) which were considered as main and sub-plots, respectively. Malondialdehyde (MDA), total phenols and flavonoids contents, protein oxidation of the leaves, enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), as well as percentage of DPPH free radical inhibition were determined. Results of this experiment showed a significant increment of malondialdehyde (MDA) content in purple coneflower leaf with the highest level in five-day flooding duration and in August 29 planting date. The highest decrease in total protein was found in the same planting data and flooding duration with 90 % decline than control.The highest activity of antioxidant enzymes of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) was recorded in the purple coneflowers leaves, cultivated in June 30, and flooded for three days, while the highest activity of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) were observed in plants cultivated in July 30. Five-day soil flooding markedly increased the total phenols and flavonoids content just in plants transplanted in June 30. In addition, the highest percentage of DPPH free radical inhibition was measured in plants subjected to continues five-day soil flooding and cultivated in August 29. In conclusion, it seems that the coneflower plant relatively showed a good tolerance to flooding stress.
Sh. Gheidarlouei; R. Khademian; S. Mafakheri
Abstract
To investigate the effect of mycorrhiza inoculation on increasing the resistance of medicinal plant dill (Anethum graveolens L.) to salinity stress, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research greenhouse of Imam Khomeini International ...
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To investigate the effect of mycorrhiza inoculation on increasing the resistance of medicinal plant dill (Anethum graveolens L.) to salinity stress, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research greenhouse of Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin province, Iran. The first factor was ecotype at two levels (Isfahan and Varamin), the second factor was salinity at three levels (0, 5 and 10 dS/m), and the third factor was mycorrhiza at three levels (0, 75 and 150 g fungi). The results showed that mycorrhizal inoculation improved all the quantitative traits studied so that under salinity conditions, the plants inoculated with mycorrhiza showed better growth than non-inoculated plants. The highest dry weight, plant height, number of seeds plant-1, and 1000-seed weight were obtained in ecotype Isfahan, salinity level 5 dS/m and 150 g of mycorrhiza. Eleven compounds were identified in dill essential oil. The highest percentage of limonene (7.5%) was obtained from ecotype Varamin plants treated with 5 dS/m salinity and 150 g mycorrhiza. The highest percentage of carvone (86.3%) was obtained in ecotype Isfahan treated with 150 g mycorrhiza and non-salinity.
Biological effects of essential oils and extracts
D. Yazdani; M. Ebrahimi; A. Moodi; F. Nabati; M. Pouyan; S. Alvani; F. Jokar Shourijeh
Abstract
South Khorasan province is considered as the largest producer of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) in Iran and the lives of a significant part of the locals depend on this product. The spread of jujube pest Monosteira alticarinata Ghauri in recent years, in addition to reducing the crop production, has ...
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South Khorasan province is considered as the largest producer of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) in Iran and the lives of a significant part of the locals depend on this product. The spread of jujube pest Monosteira alticarinata Ghauri in recent years, in addition to reducing the crop production, has threatened the health of jujube consumers due to the widespread use of chemical pesticides to control this insect at harvest time. Therefore, the possibility of controlling this pest with formulations of some medicinal plants extracts and essential oils was investigated for the first time in this study. In the laboratory phase, the formulations included Capsicum annuum L. extract (30%)+Allium sativum L. oil (10%), Mentha piperita L. essential oil (10%)+Pelargonium graveolens L’Hér. essential oil (10%), Syzygium aromaticum L. essential oil (30%), Azadirachta indica A. Juss. oil (5%)+Thymus vulgaris L. essential oil (5%), and A. indica oil (5%)+ Th. vulgaris essential oil (5%)+potassium soap (50%) with deltamethrin (0.1%) and water as positive and negative controls, respectively were assayed in bioassay test. The results showed the high efficiency of the 5thformulation, which after four hours with a concentration of 2% caused 100% death of the pest and placed in the same statistical group with deltamethrin (92.5% efficiency in killing the pest). The results of Polo Plus software showed LC50 at a concentration of 0.91% of 5thformulation. The results of field data analysis showed the relative controlling potential of the formulation used in the field surveys, so that after 24, 48, and 72 hours, the insect control percentage at a concentration of 2% of this formulation was 27.43, 43.99, and 56.24%, respectively. These results showed that the fifth herbal formulation (2%) had a good ability to control M. alticarinata and could be used as an alternative to common chemical pesticides after official registration.
Biological effects of essential oils and extracts
E. Kianifar; S. Ketabchi
Abstract
Nowadays, considering the side effects of chemical preservatives and the attention of food manufacturers to the natural preservatives, it seems necessary to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of natural preservatives in the laboratory and food models. In this study, the stems and leaves essential oil ...
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Nowadays, considering the side effects of chemical preservatives and the attention of food manufacturers to the natural preservatives, it seems necessary to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of natural preservatives in the laboratory and food models. In this study, the stems and leaves essential oil of Anethum graveolens L. was extracted by Clevenger apparatus and its compounds were identified using GC-MS. The fresh celery juice was stored for 7 days at the room temperature until it was rotten, then the serial dilution was prepared and the bacterial culture was performed using pour plate method. The different bacterial isolates were purified and the antibacterial effect of different essential oil concentrations was investigated by disk diffusion method on the dominant bacteria. The sensitive bacteria to the dill essential oil were identified by the standard microbiological methods and 16S rRNA gene amplification method. Then the effective concentration was added to the celery juice and the effect of essential oil on the population of total and dominant bacteria was investigated. The sensory acceptance of different essential oil concentrations among the population groups was assessed by a five-point hedonic questionnaire. This research was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications. Based on the GC-MS results, dillapiole (21.2%), α-phellandrene (37.2%), and β-phellandrene (9.2%) were the most important constituents of dill essential oil. The results of sequence blasting showed that Bacillus cereus and Acetobacter fabarum were the most dominant putrefactive bacteria in the celery juice. Based on the results, there was a significant difference between the five concentration groups in terms of halo diameter in the bacteria. The highest halo diameter in both bacteria was obtained at the concentration of 1000. In general, the results of the present study showed that dill essential oil is a suitable additive for the celery juice based on the results of sensory evaluation and in terms of controlling the putrefactive bacteria.
S. Asgary; N. Kabiri; H. Madani; P. Mahzoni; P. Rahimi
Volume 24, Issue 3 , November 2008, , Pages 353-362
Abstract
In this study, anti atherosclerosis effect of aerial parts extract of Amaranthus caudatus L. on rabbits was studied. Twenty male New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into four groups of five and were fed for 60 days as follows: standard diet, standard diet and cholesterol, standard diet and Amaranthus ...
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In this study, anti atherosclerosis effect of aerial parts extract of Amaranthus caudatus L. on rabbits was studied. Twenty male New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into four groups of five and were fed for 60 days as follows: standard diet, standard diet and cholesterol, standard diet and Amaranthus caudatus extract (150 mg/kg daily), standard diet and Amaranthus caudatus extract (150 mg/kg daily) and cholesterol. Prior to the beginning of diets and at the 60th day of experiment, the biochemical factors were measured. The fatty streak formation was evaluated at the end of the study. Rabbits fed high cholesterol diet with Amaranthus Caudatus extract cholesterol, LDL-C, triglyceride, apo-lipoprotein B (apoB), CRP, atherogenic index (AI) significantly decreased and HDL-C and apo-lipoprotein A (apoA) increased compared to with high cholesterol group. Also lesion severity, in extract recipient group, significantly decreased. Amaranthus caudatus extract by decreasing serum lipoproteins and apo B, is one of the most important new risk factors of cardiovascular diseases and by decreasing inflammatory factors prevent atherosclerosis.
M. Naderi Haji Bager Candi; M.B. Rezaee
Volume 20, Issue 3 , October 2004, , Pages 377-383
Abstract
Echium amoenum is one of the most important and faimous medicinal plant which people used sonce acient times. In our country (Iran), this plant can be grown in different state like Gilan, Maazndran province and also on high montaines between Ardubil and Astra. ...
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Echium amoenum is one of the most important and faimous medicinal plant which people used sonce acient times. In our country (Iran), this plant can be grown in different state like Gilan, Maazndran province and also on high montaines between Ardubil and Astra. In this Research, Flower Echium amoenum collected and dried from the rasearch station of Alamot (near Ghazwin city) for phytochemical investigation. The compounds were extracted by percolasium method.Then for identification of compound we used different methods to find out flavonoides, tannins, saponines Alkaloid and Phenolic compounds in plant. our primer investigation showed flavonides, saponines and phenolic compounds, but no Alcaloides total tannines compounds are present on the extracte.
R. khatibzadeh; M. Azizi; H. Arouiee; M. Farsi
Abstract
Over time, once again there has been a significant growth in growing and producing medicinal plant species. The biotechnological developments have far-reaching implications in conservation and propagation of endangered species, as well in the genetic improvement of medicinal plant. The genetic variation ...
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Over time, once again there has been a significant growth in growing and producing medicinal plant species. The biotechnological developments have far-reaching implications in conservation and propagation of endangered species, as well in the genetic improvement of medicinal plant. The genetic variation occurred in calli holds tremendous potential for increasing production efficiency of valuable secondary metabolites. Levisticum officinale Koch. is considered as one of the oldest medicinal plants and spices from Apiaceae, whose root has a diuretic agent for the treatment of kidney stones and kidney and urinary tract infections, reported in many credible pharmacopoeias. In present investigation, callus cultures of lovage explants (hypocotyl, root, leaf, petiole, crown node) were initiated in modified MS medium, called AM1, supplemented with different phytohormonal combinations. After one month, the percentage and rate of callogenesis were analyzed as a completely randomized factorial design. The highest callus growth and best appearance were obtained by hypocotyl and root explants in the AM1 medium supplemented with 2,4-D (1.5 mgl-1) + Kin (0.5 mgl-1) + NAA (0.025 mgl-1).
T. Rajabian; A. Saboora; B. Hassani; H. Fallah Hosseini
Volume 23, Issue 3 , November 2007, , Pages 391-404
Abstract
Ferula assa-foetida L. is an Iranian endemic medicinal plant that belongs to Apiaceae family. Seeds of this plant have a long period of dormancy. Therefore, experimental methods, which decrease seed dormancy period, could be effective in the seed germination rate and also in revival of the plant. The ...
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Ferula assa-foetida L. is an Iranian endemic medicinal plant that belongs to Apiaceae family. Seeds of this plant have a long period of dormancy. Therefore, experimental methods, which decrease seed dormancy period, could be effective in the seed germination rate and also in revival of the plant. The effect of GA3 as a pre-treatment (at high concentrations in a short time period at 23±2°C) and treatment (low concentrations in a long time period at 23±2 and 4°C)on germination of two Tabas and Shirkooh population seeds on MS medium was analyzed. Comparative analyses on treated and pre- treated seeds from two populations with GA3 at 23±2°C temperature did not show any significant changes in both the germination percentage and rate. However, seeds chilling treatment (4°C) indicated increased germination rate and percentage. So, after 12 weeks the maximum germination percentages were 84 and 56% for Tabas and Shirkooh populations. Also the effect of the temperature was investigated on seed germination on the wet filter paper in two levels of 23±2 and 4°C. According to results, maximum seed germination percentage obtained for Shirkooh were (90%) and Tabas (67%) populations by soaking the seeds on the wet filter papers in Petri dishes within 8 to 9 weeks. Finally, it seems that increasing endogenous GA3 concentration, which is provided mostly by chilling treatment, is the most effective factor for breaking the seed dormancy.
Sh. Moazzen; J. Daneshian; S.A. Valadabadi; H. Baghdadi
Volume 22, Issue 4 , February 2007, , Pages 397-409
Abstract
Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) is an annual plant that has been introduced to Iran in recent years. Its effective components are used to cure some diseases such as prostat hyperplasia, control of taenia, Arleriosclerosis, regulation of alimentary canal and hormonal balance especially in women and strengthening ...
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Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) is an annual plant that has been introduced to Iran in recent years. Its effective components are used to cure some diseases such as prostat hyperplasia, control of taenia, Arleriosclerosis, regulation of alimentary canal and hormonal balance especially in women and strengthening men sexual appeal in advanced countries. Phosphate is one of the macro-elements affecting root growth and development and seed and fruit yield. On the other hand, regarding to its high and indefinite shoot development, planting density is highly important to get the highest yield. An experiment was conducted to study planting density and phosphate in a faeturial experiment level. Three stand density as 10000, 13000, 16000 per ha and four pure phosphate as 0, 50, 100, 150 kg/ha-1 were based on RBCD with three replications, in Feyz-Abad research station, Qazvin in 2004. Results showed 10000 density had significant effectiveness on node number, shoot length, leaf number, leaf dry weight and lateral shoot number. Phosphate also affected significantly the highest leaf dry weight which was achieved by using 150-kg/ha-1 phosphate. The highest node number has been produced by 100 kg/ha-1 phosphate. 10000 plant/ha caused the highest fruit yield, seed number and seed dry weight. Also, 100 kg/ha-1 phosphate treatment leaded to the most seed number and the highest seed dry weight. Plant population and phosphate fertilizer had no significant difference on the oil content.
M.A. Alizadeh
Abstract
Model of seed storage behavior has high importance for seed conservation. With determination model of seed storage behavior, collection and conservation of plant seed would be recognized. If the plant seeds have orthodox behavior, their conservation will be carried out in out of provenance and it is ...
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Model of seed storage behavior has high importance for seed conservation. With determination model of seed storage behavior, collection and conservation of plant seed would be recognized. If the plant seeds have orthodox behavior, their conservation will be carried out in out of provenance and it is termed as Ex- situ conservation. If the plant seeds have recalcitrant behavior, their conservation would be done within provenance and it is termed as In situ conservation. In this research, model of seed storage behavior of some medicinal plant seeds were studied. The seed samplesof some medicinal plants from different state of country were processed and analyzed. The processing of the seed samples included physical and genetic purity, seed healthy test, thousand weight, moisture content determination, germination test, packaging and conservation of the seed samples in cold room of gene bank. Evaluation and determination of model of seed storage behavior was the major point of this research work. By determination of moisture content, the model of seed storage behavior of medicinal plant seeds was identified and most of them have orthodox seed storage behavior. Therefore their conservation should be done as Ex- situ conservation.
F. Rakhshandehroo; A. Modarresi; H.R. Zamani Zadeh
Abstract
Stinging nettle has been used for treating several human chronic diseases. This research focused on the use of Urtica dioica L. (stinging nettle) aquatic and alcoholic extracts for the production of mosaic virus-free rose plants by explant culture from infected parent material. Toward this aim a survey ...
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Stinging nettle has been used for treating several human chronic diseases. This research focused on the use of Urtica dioica L. (stinging nettle) aquatic and alcoholic extracts for the production of mosaic virus-free rose plants by explant culture from infected parent material. Toward this aim a survey was conducted to detect the viruses infecting Rosa species in main rose growing plantations of Tehran province and its suburbs. Using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent (DAS-ELISA) and Dot-Blot (DIBA) serological methods and polyclonal antibodies, 530 rose samples were tested for the presence of Prunus necrotic ringspot virus and Arabis mosaic virus. Transplant medium culture in MS medium was performed for a 20 infected rose transplants which were infected with ArMV and PNRSV viruses. Dried leaves and roots of nettle plants were extracted with water and 95% ethanol. Aquatic and alcoholic (ethanol) U. dioica extracts inoculated with three different concentrations (5, 2, 0.5 mg/ml) (extract/ml medium) into MS media. Rose transplants were serologically tested for the presence of viruses 30 days after treating. Results indicated that the aquatic extract of nettle plants at the concentration of 5 and 2 mg/ml and ethanol extract at the concentration of 0.5 and 2 (mg/ml) are effective in eliminating 90% of PNRSV and 42% of ArMV respectively. According to the results of this study U. dioica aquatic and alcoholic extracts are able to adversely affect the rose mosaic virus replication. They may be used as an herbal source as viricidal preparations against rose mosaic disease caused by ArMV and PNRSV.
J. Cheraghi; A. Valadi
Abstract
Nature has served a rich repository of medicinal plants for thousands of years and impressive numbers of modern drugs have been isolated from natural sources, notably of plant origin. In this research anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Limonene have been been investigated. Anti-nociceptive ...
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Nature has served a rich repository of medicinal plants for thousands of years and impressive numbers of modern drugs have been isolated from natural sources, notably of plant origin. In this research anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Limonene have been been investigated. Anti-nociceptive activity was investigated using formalin test method. Anti-inflammation activity was investigated using xylene test method and for limonene production decantation method was used. For investigation of anti-nociceptive activity, limonene was injected to mice in three different doses as 20, 30 and 50 mg/kg. The results showed 50 mg/Kg injection had the maximum anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effect.
S.M. Moosavi; S.G.R. Moosavi; M.J. Seghatoleslami
Abstract
In order to study the effect of drought stress at different growth reproductive stages and N fertilizer rates on some morphological and quantitative traits and water use efficiency (WUE) of fennel(Foenicolum vulgare Mill.), an experiment was conducted as a split-plot based on a Randomized ...
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In order to study the effect of drought stress at different growth reproductive stages and N fertilizer rates on some morphological and quantitative traits and water use efficiency (WUE) of fennel(Foenicolum vulgare Mill.), an experiment was conducted as a split-plot based on a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications, at Research Field of Islamic Azad University of Birjand Branch in 2010. The main plot included irrigation at three levels (irrigation stop at start of flowering, and seed-filling stages, and optimum irrigation) and the sub-plot was N fertilizer at four rates (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg N/ha). Results showed that irrigation stop at start of flowering and seed-filling stages decreased plant height by 16.2 and 5.2%, fruit yield by 69.7 and 52.6%, essential oil yield by 72.9 and 31.4%, and WUE for essential oil production by 69.1 and 4.5%, respectively as compared to optimum irrigation treatment. Moreover, the increase in rate of nitrogen application from 0 to 120 kg N/ha significantly increased plant height, stem diameter, branch number of main stem and fruit yield, 5.8, 12, 15.5 and 24.3%, respectively. However, the highest yield and WUE for essential oil production was observed in 60 kg N/ha application treatment. In general, according to the results of current study, optimum irrigation with 60 kg N/ha application treatment can be recommended to achieve high essential oil yield of fennel in Birjand, Iran.
F. Moharrami; B. Hosseini; M. Farjaminezhad; A. Sharafi
Abstract
Hyoscyamus species such as Hyoscyamus reticulatus L. are rich sources of tropane alkaloids, mainly hyoscyamine and scopolamine, which are used for their mydriatic, antispasmodic, anticholinergic, analgesic and sedative properties. Due to complex chemical structures, these alkaloids are obtained from ...
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Hyoscyamus species such as Hyoscyamus reticulatus L. are rich sources of tropane alkaloids, mainly hyoscyamine and scopolamine, which are used for their mydriatic, antispasmodic, anticholinergic, analgesic and sedative properties. Due to complex chemical structures, these alkaloids are obtained from natural sources, mainly Solanaceae plants. Elicitation of secondary metabolites biosynthetic pathways by different kind of elicitors is an effective strategy to increase secondary metabolites productivity. In the present study, in order to increase production of tropane alkaloids, cotyledon-derived hairy root cultures transformed with Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain A7, were elicited with yeast extract (YE) as biotic elicitor. Effect of different concentrations (0, 125, 250, 500 and 1000mg/l) of YE elicitor at different exposure times (24, 48 and 72 h) were investigated. According to the results, YE at the concentration of 500 and 250 mg/l after 48 h treatment, significantly increased hyoscyamine (2-fold) and scopolamine (2.5-fold) production in comparison with control, respectively. The results showed that treatment with different concentrations of YE and also increasing the exposure time led to significant decrease in growth of hairy roots in comparison with control. The activity of antioxidant enzymes including catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase was also elevated in treated hairy roots rather than of the control. Based on the results, it can be concluded that elicitation with YE leads to induce an oxidative stress. These results suggest that YE could be used as an effective elicitor in plant biotechnology for the production of plant secondary metabolites such as tropane alkaloids.
Z. Aslani; A. Hassani; M. Rasooli Sadaghiyani; F. Sefidkon; M. Barin
Abstract
To study the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi inoculation and drought stress on growth, chlorophyll content and phosphorus uptake of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), a pot experiment was conducted using a factorial based on randomized complete blocks design with four replications. The factors ...
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To study the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi inoculation and drought stress on growth, chlorophyll content and phosphorus uptake of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), a pot experiment was conducted using a factorial based on randomized complete blocks design with four replications. The factors were mycorrhizal inoculation (non-inoculated and inoculated with Glomus mosseae T.H. Nicolson & Gerd. and Glomus intraradices N.C. Schenck & G.S. Sm) and three irrigation regimes (irrigation intervals were every 4, 8 and 12 days). The results showed that drought stress had significant effects on evaluated characteristics. As with decrease of the soil water content, plant height, stem diameter, number and area of leaves, number of axillary shoot, root dry weight, fresh and dry herb yield, chlorophyll content, P concentration in leaves and root colonization decreased. Also, AM fungi inoculation had significant effects on growth parameters and P uptake. Plants inoculated with AM fungi had higher growth, yield and P uptake than non-inoculated plants under droughtstress and non-stress conditions. G. mosseae was more effective than G. intraradices in alleviation of drought stress. It could be concluded that AM fungi are able to enhance the growth and yield of basil under drought stress condition through enhancing P uptake.
Biological effects of essential oils and extracts
Z. Norbakhsh; I. Hajkhodadadi; H.A. Ghasemi; M.H. Moradi
Abstract
Background and objective: Today, in the poultry industry, food additives are used to achieve the highest production at the lowest cost. Growth stimulants and food additives are chemical, biological, or natural compounds added to water and feed. They are used to improve growth and feed efficiency and ...
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Background and objective: Today, in the poultry industry, food additives are used to achieve the highest production at the lowest cost. Growth stimulants and food additives are chemical, biological, or natural compounds added to water and feed. They are used to improve growth and feed efficiency and obtain the highest and most economical production. The use of medicinal plants in poultry nutrition showed that, in addition to stimulating feed consumption, these plants also have antibiotic and anti-coccidiosis properties. This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of different levels of the herbal Bilhar (Dorema aucheri Boiss.) on the Production Parameters, hematology, and thigh and breast meat quality traits of broiler chickens in a completely randomized design.Methodology: In this study, 240 one-day-old Ross 308 were exposed to five treatments (four replicates), and 12 chickens in each replicate were raised for 42 days. The chickens had free access to water and feed during the rearing period. The necessary care was following scientific rearing principles and commercial catalog recommended methods. The experimental treatments included 1) control-common diet with no additive 2) control diet + 0.1% flavophospholipol antibiotic, 3) control diet + Bilhar (0.1 % in starter and grower, 0.05 % in finisher phase), 4) control diet + Bilhar (0.3 % in starter and grower, 0.15 % finisher phase), 3) control diet + Bilhar (0.5 % in starter and grower,0 .25 % in finisher phase). The experiment measured body weight and food consumption at the end of the initial, growth, and final periods. On the 42nd day, one chicken from each replicate was randomly selected and blood was collected through the wing vein. Two blood samples, one into the venoject tubes containing 0.5 cc of the anticoagulant ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), to collect and measure blood hematological parameters (the amount of red blood cells, white blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit and the subtracted population of white blood cells) and the other part of the blood into tubes free of anticoagulants in order to separate the blood serum, to measure the metabolites Serum biochemical tests were transferred. Results: Chick's body weight at 24 and 42 d was higher in the first Bilhar group and antibiotic level than in the control group. Different experimental groups significantly affected feed intake at the starter and grower phases (P> 0.05). Adding bilhar to the diet did not change red blood cell numbers but impacted hemoglobin, hematocrit percentages, and white blood cell count. Different levels of Bilher powder and antibiotics significantly influenced villus height, villus thickness, and villus area in the duodenum (P<0.05). But the depth of the crypt and the ratio of the height of the villi to the depth of the crypt in the duodenum did not show a statistically significant effect between the treatments (P<0.05). Despite no significant improvement in breast water holding capacity, dripping loss, or cooking loss, dietary billiards significantly decreased breast PH. Experimental treatments significantly affected thigh water holding capacity, dripping loss, and pH but did not affect thigh cooking loss.Conclusion: It can be concluded that in the case of most traits, especially functional traits, the first level of bilhar (treatment 3) improved compared to the control treatment. Therefore, this plant can be used at the indicated level as a plant additive in a broiler chicken diet. This will improve functional and histological traits.
F. Masoudi Sadaghiani; M. Amini Dehaghi; A.R Pirzad; M.H. Fotokian
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effects of foliar application of osmolytes on the quantitative and qualitative yield of German chamomile (Chamomilla recutita L.) in drought stress conditions, a split-plot experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications at Research ...
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In order to evaluate the effects of foliar application of osmolytes on the quantitative and qualitative yield of German chamomile (Chamomilla recutita L.) in drought stress conditions, a split-plot experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications at Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Shahed University. The treatments included irrigation as the main factor in three levels [(irrigation after 50 (without stress), 100 (moderate stress) and 150 mm evaporation from the class A pan (severe stress)] and foliar application of osmolytes as sub-plots in seven levels [(without Spraying (NS), distilled water (W), methyl jasmonate (MJ= 75mM), salicylic acid (SA= 2mM), humic acid (HA= 2.5lit/1000), glycine betaine (GB= 5mM), and g- aminobutyric acid (GABA= 50mM). The electrical conductivity of the irrigation water was 4.8 dS/m. Mean comparisons showed that GABA combined with severe stress had the highest essential oil yield (3.7 kg ha-1). In plants treated with GABA under severe stress, essential oil harvest index was increased by 60 and 58%, respectively, compared to W and NS treatments. The highest and lowest capitol harvest index with 70.81% and 23.28% were respectively obtained from GB combined without stress and W with severe stress. SA, GB, and GABA increased the capitol yield in severe stress compared with the moderate stress. Severe stress caused a significant increase in essential oil content from 0.66 to 1.13%, a 35% reduction in seed harvest index compared to control treatment, and a significant reduction in biomass yield rather than moderate stress. MJ and SA increased seed yield compared with NS in moderate stress.
S.G.R. Mousavi; M.J. Seghatoleslami; E. Ansarinia; H. Javadi
Abstract
In order to study the effect of water deficit stress and different nitrogen levels on seed yield, yield components and water use effeciency of Calendula officinalis L., an experiment was conducted as split plot design based on randomized complete blocks with three replications, at research field of Islamic ...
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In order to study the effect of water deficit stress and different nitrogen levels on seed yield, yield components and water use effeciency of Calendula officinalis L., an experiment was conducted as split plot design based on randomized complete blocks with three replications, at research field of Islamic Azad University of Birjand branch in 2009. In this research water deficit stress set as main factor with three levels (irrigation after 60, 120 and 180 mm evaporation from pan class A) and nitrogen set as sub factor with four levels (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg N ha-1). The results showed irrigation trearments had significant effect (α=1%) on seed yield and it,s components, biological yield, harvest index and water use efficiency for seed and biomass. With incereasing of irrigation intervals from 60 to 180 mm evaporation from pan class A, seed number per capitul, number of capitul per m2, 1000-seed weight, seed yield, number and dry yield of flower decereased 26.6, 49.5, 39.6, 79.3, 65.6 and 72 percent, respectively. The highest biomass yield and weight of one capitul was releated to irrigation after 60 mm evaporation treatment, but irrigation after 60 mm evaporation treatment had the highest WUE. Also the results showed that nitrogen fertilizer trearment affected significantly (α=1%) all traits except capitul number per m2 nitrogen fertilizer application increased these traits, significantly. Interaction of irrigation and nitrogen on all traits was not significant. In conclusion, irrigation after 120 mm evaporation with 120 kg N ha-1 had suitable seed yield with the highest WUE for seed.
