Biotechnology
S.M. Mostafavi; M.R. Abdollahi; D. Dastan; H. Sarikhani
Abstract
Caper (Capparis spinosa L.) is a rich source of rutin, plays an essential role in human health. In the present study, the effects of cold (25°C as control, 4°C, and 7°C for 2, 4, and 7 days), heat (25°C as control, 30°C for 14 days, 32°C for 2 and 4 days, and 35°C for 8 hours), ...
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Caper (Capparis spinosa L.) is a rich source of rutin, plays an essential role in human health. In the present study, the effects of cold (25°C as control, 4°C, and 7°C for 2, 4, and 7 days), heat (25°C as control, 30°C for 14 days, 32°C for 2 and 4 days, and 35°C for 8 hours), and carbohydrate treatments on the androgenesis efficiency were studied in the anther culture of caper. Also, the effects of maltose and sucrose at the concentrations of 30 and 60 g L-1 in combination with two temperature treatments (1- 30°C for 14 days and 2- 7°C for 7 days + azacytidine and 2,4-D pretreatments) on the androgenesis induction was evaluated. The temperature and carbohydrate treatments showed statistically significant differences (p < /em>≤0.01) in terms of callus and embryo formation. The 7°C for 2, 4, and 7 days produced the highest percentage (at the third week: 80, 78.34, and 76.67%, respectively) and callogenesis speed (7.85, 7.75, and 7.60 calli week-1, respectively) and the 7°C for 7 days produced the highest embryo production (0.57 embryo anther-1). The 30°C for 14 days treatment showed the highest percentage (at the third week: 100%) and callogenesis speed (9.44 calli week-1). While the 32°C for 2 and 3 days and also 30°C for 14 days produced the highest number of embryos per anther (0.22, 0.20, and 0.18 embryo, respectively). The use of 30 g L-1 maltose in combination with the 30°C for 14 days produced the highest percentage (at the third week: 91.66%) and callogenesis speed (8.94 calli week-1), while the 30 g L-1 maltose in combination with the 7°C for 7 days + azacytidine and 2,4-D pretreatments produced the highest mean embryo number per anther (0.55 embryo). The results of this research are of great importance for the use in the caper breeding programs.
M. Foaadedini; M.J. Seghatoleslami; S.Gh. Moosavi
Abstract
In order to study the effect of drought stress and planting date on some traits of chichory (Cichorium intybus L.), an experiment was conducted in a split plot design using randomized complete blocks design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Center of Islamic Azad University, Birjand ...
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In order to study the effect of drought stress and planting date on some traits of chichory (Cichorium intybus L.), an experiment was conducted in a split plot design using randomized complete blocks design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Center of Islamic Azad University, Birjand Branch in 2011-2012. The factors included were irrigations levels (%100, %75, %50 and %25 ET0) and planting date (16 March, 2 April and 26 April). Results showed that all traits were significantly affected by drought stress, except R/S. The highest plant height, root length, width and branches number, shoot dry yield, root dry yield, total dry biomass, R/S were achieved under %100 ET0 and the highest water productivity was achieved under %25 ET0. According to mean comparisons, the highest values for all traits, except R/S, were recorded for the planting date of 16 March. The interaction effects of factors were also significant for branches number, stem dry yield, shoot dry yield, root dry yield and water productivity. Totally, the highest yield and water productivity were obtained for the planting date of 6 March. In addition, no significant difference was recorded between the treatments of %50 ET0 and %100 ET0 in 16 March in terms of total dry biomass. Therefore, %50 ET0 could be recommended especially in water deficit condition.
R. Ashrafi; A. Najaphy; M. Shaban; M. Fathi
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the seed storage protein of seven different species of Papaver in Ardabil Province, Iran by SDS-PAGE method. By scoring banding patterns data, a total of 20 loci were identified in the species. Maximum number of protein band (17 bands) was belonged to P. bracteatum ...
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This experiment was conducted to evaluate the seed storage protein of seven different species of Papaver in Ardabil Province, Iran by SDS-PAGE method. By scoring banding patterns data, a total of 20 loci were identified in the species. Maximum number of protein band (17 bands) was belonged to P. bracteatum and P. rhoease. Minimum number of protein band (13 bands) was related to the species of P. argemone and P. somniferum. Cluster analysis based on Jaccard's similarity matrix classified different species in four groups. Different species of papaver were classified as follows: P. somniferum in the first group, P. orientale, P. bracteatum, P. lasiotrix and P. rhoease in the second group, P. dubium in the third group and P. argemone in the fourth group. Different species showed a good variety with regard to the morphological traits (petal color and shape, seed color and size and plant height) and the species were classified in three separate groups based upon cluster analysis. Mantel test was performed to examine the correlation of morphological data with seed storage proteins. This test did not show significant correlation between these two groups of data possibly due to the low number of morphological traits and low number of molecular markers.
B.Z. Sahaf; S. Moharramipour
Volume 24, Issue 4 , February 2009, , Pages 385-395
Abstract
The essential oils extracted from Carum copticum C. B. Clarkeand Vitex pseudo-negundo (Hausskn.) Hand.-Mzt. using hydro distillation was tested against the stored product insect, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst),for antifeedant activity. Several experiments were designed to measure the nutritional indices ...
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The essential oils extracted from Carum copticum C. B. Clarkeand Vitex pseudo-negundo (Hausskn.) Hand.-Mzt. using hydro distillation was tested against the stored product insect, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst),for antifeedant activity. Several experiments were designed to measure the nutritional indices such as relative growth rate (RGR), relative consumption rate (RCR), efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) and feeding deterrence index (FDI). Treatments were evaluated by the method of flour disc bioassay in the dark, at 27±1°C and 60±5 % R. H. Aliquots of 10 µl of acetone (controls) or an acetone solutions of essential oils (100-1500 ppm) were spread evenly on the flour discs. The solvent was allowed to evaporate and then 10 adult insects were introduced into each treatment. After 72 h, nutritional indices were calculated. Results indicated that nutritional indices were significantly varied as essential oil concentrations increased. In this study, C. copticum decreased RGR, RCR and ECI significantly higher than that of V. pseudo-negundo essential oil. Both of plant essential oils, with the same activity, increased FDI as the oil concentration was increased, showing high feeding deterrence activity against T. castaneum. Generally, antifeedant activity of C. copticum was more effective than V. pseudo-negund.
S.A. Hoseini; M.A. Dorry
Volume 20, Issue 4 , January 2018, , Pages 397-406
Abstract
This study carried out in Chaleki Research Station in Gorgan in 2000. Station altitude and annual rainfall are 85 m and 600 mm respectively. Seedlings of Hypericum perforatum collected from different locals are varied in aspect of leaf size and height. Two locals were DRAZNO in west and GARMAB-DASHT ...
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This study carried out in Chaleki Research Station in Gorgan in 2000. Station altitude and annual rainfall are 85 m and 600 mm respectively. Seedlings of Hypericum perforatum collected from different locals are varied in aspect of leaf size and height. Two locals were DRAZNO in west and GARMAB-DASHT in east of Gorgan with 2000 m and 400 m altitude respectively. Seedlings were Planted with intervals 30cm on row and 50 cm between row in autumn. The top yield of plants was harvested from 10 cm of terminal after 30% flowering and then were dried at room condition. Dry matter of tops, flowering date, Plants height and tillering was recorded from 10 random plants. The yield of the tops of plants in DRAZNO and GARMAB-DASHT were 6758 and 1696 Kg/ha respectively that was significant in T- Test(0.01, t=5.19). The till number in both local was almost equal but the plant height in GARMAB-DASHT (120.3 cm) was more than DRAZNO (67.7cm). The correlation between the tops of yield and tillering was for GARMAB-DASHT 0.70 and for DRAZNO 0.93.
M.A. Soltanipoor; R. Asadpoor
Abstract
Gontscharovia popovii (B. fedtsch. & Gontsch.) Boriss.is traditionally used for fever, cold, headache and stomachache from ancient times. This investigation was carried out to understand some ecological characters of Gontscharovia popovii and using them in abundant cultivation for using in ...
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Gontscharovia popovii (B. fedtsch. & Gontsch.) Boriss.is traditionally used for fever, cold, headache and stomachache from ancient times. This investigation was carried out to understand some ecological characters of Gontscharovia popovii and using them in abundant cultivation for using in medicinal industeries and prevent the plants region from destroying in Hormozgan Province at 1382. Climatic, Geologic and Geomorphologic characteristics, Land types, Campanion plants, Habitate types, Distribution map, Phenologic study, Vegetative parameters measurment and Soil analysis were done in its habitate. This species was located in the northy slope of Bokhon mount in Fareghan at 1900 Alt. Climate of the regions is hot and dry deserty. This plant grows in sandy-loam with pH=7.79 and Ec=1.18 milimouse/cm. Type of habitate was Juniperus excelsa-Amygdalus scoparia and were determined more than 30 species was determined in its habitate as Daphne oleoides , Pistacia khinjuk, Amygdalus scoparia, Olea ferruginea, Pistacia atlantica, Teucrium pollium, Amygdalus lycioides and Astragalus fasciculifolius.
F. Fatemi; A. Allameh; H. Khalafi; M.B. Rezaei; M. Seyhoon
Abstract
Acute lung inflammation is one of the chronic consequences of sepsis which leads to septic patients death. In consider to the side effects of using anti-inflammatory drugs, herbal drugs such as caraway seed has a great potential application with the aim of treating or/and decreasing the consequences ...
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Acute lung inflammation is one of the chronic consequences of sepsis which leads to septic patients death. In consider to the side effects of using anti-inflammatory drugs, herbal drugs such as caraway seed has a great potential application with the aim of treating or/and decreasing the consequences of sepsis. In this study, CLP rat model was used to consider the protective role of hydroalcoholic extract and essential oils derived from caraway seeds in preventing tissue lung injury. In this regards, the effects of caraway extracts on lung oxidative stress parameters i.e. myeloperoxidase, lipid peroxidation and glutathione in different groups of rats were considered. Furthermore, in order to consider the effects of γ-irradiation on pharmacological properties of caraway extracts, four groups of rats treated with irradiated caraway seed extracts and the lung tissues were analyzed using oxidative stress parameters. The results of this study showed that caraway essential oils could modulate the oxidative stress parameters in this experimental acute inflammation; whereas, hydroalcoholic extract did not have any effects on these factors. γ-irradiation of caraway seeds at 10 and 25 kGy also had no effect on these properties of caraway extracts, so that essential oils but not hydroalcoholic extract derived from irradiated caraway seeds could amend oxidative parameters. The results of this study indicated that caraway essential oils could affect the consequences of acute lung injury and also preservation of caraway seeds by irradiation doesn't change its effects.
J. Nazemi Rafih; S. Moharramipour
Abstract
Red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum isa major pest of stored products especially cereal flour depreciating the quantity and quality of the food economically. The application of repellents could be considered as a new control method in storage. In this study repellent activity of extracts from leaf, ...
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Red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum isa major pest of stored products especially cereal flour depreciating the quantity and quality of the food economically. The application of repellents could be considered as a new control method in storage. In this study repellent activity of extracts from leaf, red and white flowers of Nerium oleander, Lavandula officinalis leaves and Ferula assafoetida gum was assayed on T. castaneum. Experiments were conducted in dark condition at 27±1ºC and 70-80% RH. To determine percentage repellency (PR), filter paper disks were impregnated with different concentrations of plant extracts. Each filter paper was divided into two equal parts. Then, each half-disk was separately added by extract dilutions (1.99, 3.98, 11.94, 19.90 and 27.78 μl/cm2) or acetone as control. Each treated half-disk was then attached lengthwise edge-to-edge, to a control half-disk with adhesive tape and placed in a petri dish (8cm diam.). Twenty adult insects were released in the middle of each filter paper, and the insects that settled on each half, were counted after 1 h and then at hourly intervals for 5h. The results showed that the repellency of Ferula gum was significantly higher than that of remaining extracts. The highest PR (98.75%) was observed in the Ferula gum in the concentration of 27.78 μl/cm2. While, the lowest PR (5.5%) was shown in the Lavandula leaf extract in 1.99 μl/cm2. Repellency increased with concentration in all cases, the repellent effect did not decreased with time over the 5-h experimental period.
M.T. Darzi; M.R. Hadjseyed Hadi; F. Rejali
Abstract
Application of Biofertilizers in a sustainable agriculture system improves sustainability of yield especially in medicinal plants production. Anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) is a medicinal plant containing essential oils especially in its seeds. In this reserach, the effects of vermicompost and phosphate ...
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Application of Biofertilizers in a sustainable agriculture system improves sustainability of yield especially in medicinal plants production. Anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) is a medicinal plant containing essential oils especially in its seeds. In this reserach, the effects of vermicompost and phosphate biofertilizer on yield and yield components in anise including plant height, number of umbels per plant, 1000 grain-weight, biological yield and seed yield were studied. The experiment was carried out at Homand research station - Iran in 2009. The factors were vermicompost (0, 5, 10 ton/ha) and phosphate biofertilizer (non-inoculated, inoculated seed and inoculated seed + spraying on soil in stem elongation). The experiment design was factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with nine treatments and three replications. Mean comparison was carried out using Duncan multiple range test (P<0.05). Results showed that the highest plant height, umbel no./plant, biological yield, and seed yield were obtained from consumption of 10 ton/ha vermicompost but 1000 grain- weight were not affected by vermicompost significantly. Phosphate biofertilizer also showed significant effects on umbel no./plant, biological yield and seed yield (except plant height and 1000 grain-weight). The maximum umbel no./plant, biological yield and seed yield were obtained from two times consumption of phosphate biofertilizer. There were positive and synergistic interactions between factors like interactions between factors on biological yield. According to the results of this study, application of 10 ton/ha vermicompost and two times consumption of phosphate biofertilizer were determined as the most suitable treatments.
Biological effects of essential oils and extracts
Hanieh Mohseni fazel; Karim Nozad namini; Hossein Hoseini; H. Zeinali
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) is one of the most widespread weeds in the world, and regarding the amount of damage caused to crops, it is the third dominant dicotyledonous weed in the world. It is recommended to reduce the use of chemical herbicides ...
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Background and Objectives: Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) is one of the most widespread weeds in the world, and regarding the amount of damage caused to crops, it is the third dominant dicotyledonous weed in the world. It is recommended to reduce the use of chemical herbicides through the replacement of non-chemical methods in sustainable agricultural management, and the use of plants' allelopathic effects is one of these methods. On the other hand, plants in different growth stages have different allelopathy sensitivity.Methodology: To evaluate the allelopathic effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh) on Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) growth stages, an experiment was carried out as a factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in the greenhouse of Kashan Barij Essential Company, Iran. Treatments included aqueous and alcoholic extracts of eucalyptus (50, 75, and 100 %), controlled (0.002 concentration of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, Ethanol 70%, distilled water), and three growth stages (five-leaf stage, seven-leaf stage, and stem elongation). The studied traits were measured in all three growth stages one week after treatments. To measure traits, ten plants were randomly selected from each pot. The studied traits included leaf length and width, total leaf wet weight, total leaf dry weight, stem wet weight, stem dry weight, stem length, root length, root wet weight, root dry weight, total plant weight, and shoot/root ratio. A ruler was used to determine the length and width of the leaf, the length of the root, and the length of the stem. Analysis of the variance of the data was done by MSTAC software. If the experimental factor was significant, the LSD test was used to compare the means.Results: Leaf width, total leaf fresh weight, total leaf dry weight, stem fresh and dry weight, stem length, root length, root fresh and dry weight, total plant weight, and shoot/root ratio were affected by the growth stage where the extracts were used. The effect of the concentration of aqueous and ethanol extracts of eucalyptus on leaf length and width, total leaf fresh weight, total leaf dry weight, stem fresh weight, stem dry weight, stem length, root length, root fresh weight, root dry weight, total dry plant weight, and shoot/root ratio was significant. Spraying at the stem and 5-leaf stages had the highest and lowest leaf width, stem length, and root dry weight, respectively. The extract application at the stem elongation and five-leaf stage had the highest and lowest leaf width, stem length, and root dry weight, respectively. The application of distilled water in the stem elongation phase produced the maximum leaf length (3.06 cm), total fresh and dry weight of plant leaf (1.00 and 0.2764 gr), stem fresh and dry weight (1.35 and 0.393 gr), and total fresh and dry plant weight (2.80 and 0.801 gr), respectively. The application of 75% concentration of eucalyptus ethanol extract at the 5-leaf stage produced the lowest total fresh and dry weight of plant leaf (0.188 and 0.0521 gr), stem fresh and dry weight (0.303 and 0.046 gr) and total fresh and dry plant weight (0.633 and 0.1157 gr), respectively.Conclusion: The aqueous and alcoholic extracts significantly decreased Pigweed growth indices, and its inhibitory effect was not significantly different in most traits with 2-4-D herbicide. The inhibitory effect of alcoholic extract on pigweed growth was greater than aqueous extract. Given that almost all eucalyptus extracts, either alcoholic or aqueous, significantly reduced Pigweed growth, it may be possible to reduce the pressure of this weed on crops by combining and using them as a bio-herbicide.
H. Zeinali; A. Moslehi Yazddeli; L. Safaei; Z. Jaberalansar; A. Akhondi; Z. Skanderi
Abstract
This research was aimed to investigate the effects of different amounts of NPK fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative traits of Matricaria chamomilla L. The experiment was conducted during 2007-2008 in Barij Essence Company of Kashan in a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design ...
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This research was aimed to investigate the effects of different amounts of NPK fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative traits of Matricaria chamomilla L. The experiment was conducted during 2007-2008 in Barij Essence Company of Kashan in a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications.Treatments consisted of three levels of N (0, 50, 100 kgha-1), P2O5 (0, 25, 50 kgha-1) and K2O (0, 25, 50 kgha-1). Plant height, number of flower per plant, number of lateral branches, dry and fresh weight per plant, flower yield/m2, flower diameter, essential oil percentage, and chamazulene were measured. N levels showed significant differences for the number of flower per plant, fresh weight per plant, number of lateral branches, flower yield/m2 and dry and fresh weight of flower (p < 0.05). Analysis of data showed significant differences for fresh weight per plant under different levels of P2O5 (p < 0.05). K levels showed no significant differences for all traits. Interaction of N and P2O5 levels revealed significant differences for fresh and dry weight per plant and flower yield/m2 (p < 0.01). Interaction of N and K2o5 was significant for flower diameter (p < 0.05). Analysis of mean comparison for flower yield per m2 showed that the highest flower yield was obtained at 50 kg/ha N and 25 kg/ha P2O5, and the lowest flower yield was obtained at 100 kg/ha N and 50 kg/ha P2O5. NPK fertilizers did not affect chamazulene and essential oil. In conclusion, Matricaria chamomilla L. requires few nutrient elements.
Phytochemistry (extraction, identification and measurement of active components)
P. Arvin; R. Firouzeh
Abstract
To evaluate the biological potential and medicinal properties, the biochemical compounds and quantity and essential oil quality of Chenopodium botrys L. grown in the natural habitat located in Raz and Jargalan city, North Khorasan province was investigated. Leaves or flowering branches sampling was done ...
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To evaluate the biological potential and medicinal properties, the biochemical compounds and quantity and essential oil quality of Chenopodium botrys L. grown in the natural habitat located in Raz and Jargalan city, North Khorasan province was investigated. Leaves or flowering branches sampling was done at full flowering stage. The content of biochemical compounds, including phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity, was measured. The essential oil of flowering branches and leaves together was extracted by water distillation method and Clevenger apparatus and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The results showed that the content of phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity of leaves or flowering branches methanol extracts was obtained 83.2 and 91.4 (mg GA.g-1 DW), 14 and 17 (mg QUE.g-1 DW), and 91 and 77 (μg.ml-1), respectively. Twenty-six compounds were identified in the essential oil. Elemol (17.2%), juniper camphor (7.9%), and bulnesol (6.9%) were the main compounds of essential oil. Also, the essential oil content was obtained 0.36% (w/w). Also, the leaves extract had significantly higher content of anthocyanin (3.1 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside.g-1 DW) compared to the flowering branches one. Overall, based on the results it can be concluded that Ch. botrys is a promising source of antioxidant compounds and is expected to be used in the food, medicine, and health products.
Y. Nasiri; F. Shekari; M. Asadi
Abstract
To study the effect of biofertilizers and zinc sulfate on some morphological and yield characteristics of summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.), an experiment was conducted as a factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, ...
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To study the effect of biofertilizers and zinc sulfate on some morphological and yield characteristics of summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.), an experiment was conducted as a factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Maragheh University in 2013. Treatments included biofertilizers (1: no inoculation (control), seeds inoculated with 2: Nitroxin and 3: Super Nitro Plus) and foliar spray of plants with zinc sulfate (the concentration of 0, 2.5 and 5 per thousand). The results showed that the effect of biofertilizers and zinc sulfate on the number of branches per plant, flowering shoots dry weight per plant, wet and dry weight of aerial parts at 50% flowering stage, biological yield and essential oil yield was significant. The highest values of these traits were obtained in Super Nitro Plus and Nitroxin inoculation treatments, respectively. Plant height was also increased by applying zinc sulfate at concentrations of 2.5 and 5 per thousand compared to the control. Stem diameter reached to the maximum value under Super Nitro Plus + zinc sulfate foliar spray at a concentration of 2.5 per thousand and Nitroxin + zinc sulfate foliar spray at a concentration of 5 per thousand treatments. The treatments of zinc sulfate at a concentration of 5 per thousand + Super Nitro Plus and zinc sulfate at a concentrations of 2.5 and 5 per thousand + Nitroxin with the highest percentage of essential oil, increased the amount of summer savory essential oil by 34.5% compared to the control. In summary, the results of this study showed that Super Nitro Plus, Nitroxin, and zinc sulfate can be used to promote plant growth and increase the essential oil of summer savory.
M. Shokhmgar; R. Baradaran; Gh. Mosavi; M. Poyan; E. Arazmjoo
Abstract
In order to study the effects of irrigation interval and nitrogen on yield and some physiological characteristics of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-gracum L.), an experiment was carried out as split plot in randomized complete block design with three replications at Islamic Azad University of Birjand, ...
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In order to study the effects of irrigation interval and nitrogen on yield and some physiological characteristics of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-gracum L.), an experiment was carried out as split plot in randomized complete block design with three replications at Islamic Azad University of Birjand, 2009. Treatments included irrigation intervals (4, 8 and 12 days) as main plot and nitrogen fertilizer (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg.ha-1 urea) as subplot. Results showed no significant differences for seed yield in irrigation treatments after 4 and 8 days. Increasing N also led to the increase of seed yield but no significant difference was found for seed yield between 100 and 150 kg.ha-1 urea. Decreasing in water use led to the increase of Na, proline and carbohydrate and decrease of K, Cha, carotenoids and total pigments, but it had no significant effect on Chb. Nitrogen significantly increased chlorophyll a, carotenoids, total pigments, and K. Increasing N up to 50 kg ha led to the increase of carbohydrates but then reduced the carbohydrates of leaf. According to the results obtained in this experiment, it can be stated that Fenugreek is somewhat drought tolerant and considering the importance of this medicinal plant, it can be used in conditions of water scarcity as an alternative for the species that have lower economic value under water deficit.
S. Hazrati; Z. Tahmasebi Sarvestani2; A.R. Sadeghi Bakhtoori
Abstract
Aloe barbadensis Miller. is one of the most economically important medicinal plants in many countries of the world. This investigation aimed at evaluating the effects of water stress and zeolite on growth, yield and chemical compositions of A. barbadensis. The study was conducted in the research greenhouse ...
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Aloe barbadensis Miller. is one of the most economically important medicinal plants in many countries of the world. This investigation aimed at evaluating the effects of water stress and zeolite on growth, yield and chemical compositions of A. barbadensis. The study was conducted in the research greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University. The plants were harvested 90, 180 and 270 days after imposing the treatments. Water deficit stress decreased growth, leaf fresh and gel fresh weight and increased biochemical compounds. The results showed that the greatest number of new leaves and pup were produced by the plants irrigated 20% and 40% FC with 8 g zeolite, respectively. Generally, the highest leaf fresh and gel fresh weight were observed 270 days after imposing the treatments when plants were irrigated after depleting 40% of the FC and amendment with 8 g zeolite (624.13 and 397.17 g), respectively. The water use efficiency increased with less water and more zeolite availability. The highest water use efficiency of leaf and gel was obtained from the plants irrigated after depleting 60% of field capacity and treated with 8 g zeolite. In addition, the results indicated that the maximum aloin concentration (23.48%) and proline accumulation (0.85 (mg [g FW]-1) were obtained 90 days after imposing the treatments when the plants were irrigated after depleting 80% and 60% of FC where no zeolite was applied, respectively. Irrigation after 80% depletion of FC without zeolite application resulted in the highest fructose and glucose content, respectively (234.71 and 79.83 mg g DW−1). In general, application of zeolite could alleviate water stress adverse effects, and improved plant growth and yield. Severe water stress decreased leaf yield and plant growth, while caused an increase in biochemical compounds.
V. Rowshan; A. Bahmanzadegan Jahromi; F. Zareiyan; A. Hatami; L. Jowkar
Abstract
Marrubium astracanicum Jacq. is belonging to the Lamiaceae family. In this study, five populations of M. astracanicum (Derak, the west of Dasht Arjan, Bavanat-Simakan (Lakposhti), Ghorogh Abolmahdi (Pasargad) and Sadra areas) from Fars province were collected. After drying the plant samples, the essential ...
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Marrubium astracanicum Jacq. is belonging to the Lamiaceae family. In this study, five populations of M. astracanicum (Derak, the west of Dasht Arjan, Bavanat-Simakan (Lakposhti), Ghorogh Abolmahdi (Pasargad) and Sadra areas) from Fars province were collected. After drying the plant samples, the essential oils (EOs) were extracted from the aerial parts by using the Clevenger Apparatus, and analyzed by Gas Chromatography (GC-FID) and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). Methanolic extract was prepared by maceration method and analyzed by HPLC for polyphenolic compounds. EO yields were from 0.21 to 0.34% (w/w) based on dried material. The major constituents of the EOs were n-decane, n-dodecane, germacreneD, n-hexadecanoicacid, (E)-caryophyllene, bicyclogermacrene, phytol, n-tricosane, n-pentacosane, n-heneicosane and caryophyllene oxide. The 12 major compounds were analyzed by Minitab V.14 software. The findings of chemical compounds showed that despite the difference in height and climate, Sadra region was more similar to Derak and Lakposhti Bavanat. The standards of gallic acid, quercetin, catechin, caffeic acid chlorogenic acid were measured in the wavelengths of 280nm and and 320nm. The amount of polyphenols varied in different areas. Our results showed that the height and climate in each area caused the variation of polyphenolic compounds.
M. Ahmadinasab; S. Valipour Chahardah Cheric; M. Setorki
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is associated with physical, physiological, and pathological changes in the liver tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Crataegus monogyna Jacq. on histopathology and liver function in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic ...
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Diabetes mellitus is associated with physical, physiological, and pathological changes in the liver tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Crataegus monogyna Jacq. on histopathology and liver function in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. In this experimental study, Wistar male rats were randomly divided into six groups of eight including control, diabetic, diabetic treated with 100, 200, and 400 (mg/kg) doses of C. monogyna extract and positive control (diabetic treated with captopril). Diabetes was induced by intra-peritoneal injection of a single-dose of STZ (60 mg/kg). After observation of the diabetes symptoms (blood glucose level above 250 mg/dL and polydipsia), treatments were done using extract and drug. After three weeks of treatment with extract and drug intra-peritoneally, the serum level of liver enzymes and albumin was determined and liver tissue samples were prepared for histopathologic examination. In diabetic rats, there was a significant decrease in serum albumin and a significant increase in serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) in comparison with healthy rats (P<0.05). Treatment of diabetic rats with different doses of C. monogyna extract increased albumin and decreased GGT in serum significantly (P<0.05). In diabetic rats, hepatocytes necrosis, complete destruction of the liver lobules and Remak bundles and hyperemia were observed, and the treatment with C. monogyna extract prevented the pathologic changes. The results of this study showed that C. monogyna extract can prevent liver tissue degradation and its dysfunction in diabetic rats.
B Mirshekari; F. Farahvash
Abstract
In order to achieve the best irrigation and nitrogen fertilizing management in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), a split factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design was conducted on Isfahan local variety under semi-arid conditions, in Tabriz during 2008. Three factors included irrigation ...
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In order to achieve the best irrigation and nitrogen fertilizing management in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), a split factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design was conducted on Isfahan local variety under semi-arid conditions, in Tabriz during 2008. Three factors included irrigation time (90, 120, 150 mm evaporation from pan) as main plot and combination of urea dose (100, 150, 200 kgha-1) and split application of urea (100% at planting time, 50%: 50% at planting and stem elongation times, respectively, 25%: 50%: 25% at planting, stem elongation and flowering times, respectively) were applied as sub plot. The results indicated that with delaying in irrigation time from 90 to 120 mm evaporation from pan, the number of umbels per plant of fennel decreased up to 22.5%. The highest seed yield and essence percentage (880 kgha-1 and 3.66%, respectively) obtained from treatment with 150 kgha-1 urea application and irrigation of 150 mm evaporation from pan. Equally split application of urea at planting and stem elongation times could improve seed yield of fennel up to 17%, as compared with two other urea splitting levels. Seed essence percentage was not affected by split application of urea. Effect of three studied factors on essence yield was significant. When fennel plants were fertilized with 150 kgha-1 urea and irrigated after 120 mm evaporation from pan, seed essence yield was the highest (32 Lha-1), and this increase was 43% compared with the lowest essence yield treatment. According to the results, irrigation time of 120 mm evaporation from pan and applying 150 kgha-1 urea in two splits at planting and stem elongation times are recommended for fennel production.
Improvement and breeding
E. Chamani; F. Narimaniyan; Y. Pourbairami Hir; H.R. Heydari
Abstract
To investigate the effects of different nitrogen sources including ammonium nitrate, asparagine, and glutamine in five concentrations of 0, 50, 100,150, and 200 mg l-1 on some physiological and biochemical characteristics of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), an experiment was conducted in a completely ...
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To investigate the effects of different nitrogen sources including ammonium nitrate, asparagine, and glutamine in five concentrations of 0, 50, 100,150, and 200 mg l-1 on some physiological and biochemical characteristics of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with five repliacations. The indices including plant height, shooting rate, number of leaves, necrotic leaf size, chlorophylls a, b, and total chlorophyll content, and the content of carotenoids, phenols, and flavonoids were measured. The results showed that the nitrogen sources significantly (P≤0.01) affected the all measured indices except the necrotic leaf size. The results of means comparison showed that the highest shooting rate and number of leaves were obtained at 100 mg l-1 of glutamine and asparagine and the highest plant height was obtained at 200 mg l-1 of ammonium nitrate. Also, the highest amount of photosynthetic pigments was obtained at 50 mg l-1 of asparagine and the highest amount of phenols and flavonoids was related to 200 mg l-1 of glutamine. In general, the results showed that the various nitrogen sources studied could positively and significantly improve the morphological and physiological characteristics of rosemary under in vitro conditions.
M.A. Zare Chahouki; M. Abasi
Abstract
The purpose of this study was habitat suitability modeling for Thymus kotschyanus Boiss. & Hohen. using ecological-niche factor analysis. This model was implemented in the Biomapper software. The information layers included species presence map, soil map (gravel percentage, pH, electrical conductivity, ...
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The purpose of this study was habitat suitability modeling for Thymus kotschyanus Boiss. & Hohen. using ecological-niche factor analysis. This model was implemented in the Biomapper software. The information layers included species presence map, soil map (gravel percentage, pH, electrical conductivity, lime, organic matter, nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, soil depth, sand, clay and silt percent), and the topography map (slope, aspect and elevation). The accuracy of the model was obtained 89% using Boyce index, indicating the high accuracy of the model. The Kappa coefficient obtained from matching the prediction map with the ground truth map was calculated to be 0.73, which is at a good level. The results showed that T. kotschyanus preferred soils with a pH of 7.5-8, an electrical conductivity of 0.20-0.25 dS/m and less than 21.5 percent of lime. The optimal habitat of this species is located at an altitude of over 2000 meters above sea level and in the northern and eastern slopes. Furthermore, the results of this study showed that T. kotschyanus is a specialized species in the study area with a relatively narrow ecological niche, tending to live in its own special habitat conditions.
F. Mohammadi; R. Heidari; S. Hosieni; R. Jamei
Abstract
Medicinal plants are rich sources of secondary metabolites. Among these metabolites, alkaloids are an important group. Papaver bracteatum Lindl., Papaver orientale L. and Papaver fugex Poir are medicinal plants from Papaveraceae family. Medicinal characteristic of these plants depend on their capability ...
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Medicinal plants are rich sources of secondary metabolites. Among these metabolites, alkaloids are an important group. Papaver bracteatum Lindl., Papaver orientale L. and Papaver fugex Poir are medicinal plants from Papaveraceae family. Medicinal characteristic of these plants depend on their capability to produce and biosynthesis of benzophenanthridine alkaloids which are a sub-group of isoquinoline alkaloids. Morphinanes (morphine, codeine and thebaine) are a class of isoquinoline alkaloids with different functionality in medicine. Due to the importance of morphinanes in clinical and pharmacology fields, identification and extraction of these compounds from natural sources are a necessity. In this study, the plants were collected in the first stage of flowering. Sonicator and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used for extracting and determining of the morphinanes, respectively. UV-Spectrophotometer was also used to determine total alkaloids. The results showed that high amounts of thebaine alkaloid were found in three studied plants. Codeine content was lower than other alkaloids; however the distribution of these alkaloids was dissimilar in different parts of the plants. According to the results, the highest total alkaloid content was found in capsules and roots of Papaver bracteatum L. and Papaver orientale L., while shoot of Papaver fugax Poir. contained.
A. Ehsanipour; K. Razmjoo; H. Zeinali
Abstract
This investigation was carried out to study the effect of different nitrogen rates on yield, yield components and essential oil of several fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) populations. The experiment design was split plot with three replications conducted during 2008 at Research Farm of Isfahan University ...
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This investigation was carried out to study the effect of different nitrogen rates on yield, yield components and essential oil of several fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) populations. The experiment design was split plot with three replications conducted during 2008 at Research Farm of Isfahan University of Technology. Nitrogen levels were 0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 N kg/ha as the main plot and four populations of fennel (Isfahan, Tehran, Yazd and 11486) located in subplot. Seed yield, essential oil percentage, 1000-seed weight, biomass, harvest index, number of seeds per umbel, number of umbels per plant, seed length, and plant height were measured. Results showed significant differences for seed yield, 1000-seed weight, harvest index, number of seed per umbel, number of umbels per plant, seed length, plant height and percentage of essential oil among fennel populations. Also, seed yield per ha, 1000-seed weight, number of seed per umbel, seed length, number of umbels per plant and percentage of essential oil significantly differed in different nitrogen levels. There was an interaction effect between N rates and populations for 1000-seed weight, harvest index, number of seed per umbel, seed length, number of umbels per plant and plant height. The highest seed yield per hectare among the populations belonged to Isfahan population, obtained on control and 40 and 160 kg/ha nitrogen fertilization. The highest essential oil percentage was obtained on population of 11486 at 40 kg/ha nitrogen fertilization.
Z. Ranjbar; F. Shariatmadari; M.A. Karimi Torshizi
Abstract
This experiment was designed to study the effects of feeding diets containing different levels of yucca extract and antibiotic on growth performance, blood parameters, immune system and ascites index. Three hundred and twelve, one-day old broiler chicks (Arian) were used in a completely randomized design ...
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This experiment was designed to study the effects of feeding diets containing different levels of yucca extract and antibiotic on growth performance, blood parameters, immune system and ascites index. Three hundred and twelve, one-day old broiler chicks (Arian) were used in a completely randomized design with four treatments, consisting of three replications and 26 (male & female) chicks per pen. The treatments consisted of control (without supplementation), Yucca schidigera extract at 150 and 225 mg/kg, and virginiamycin at 15 mg/kg up to six weeks of age. Significant differences were found for feed intake, feed efficiency, and body weight gain in the studied treatments (p < 0.01). Immune responses, expressed as a primary and secondary antibody response to SRBC, were affected by treatments (p < 0.01). Treatment groups did not affect the weights of organs (p < 0.05). Effects of treatments on cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and LDL levels, at 35 days of age, were significant on the parameters evaluated in different experimental groups (p < 0.01). The trends observed indicate that Yucca schidigera extract could have beneficial effects on broiler chicks performance.
A. Moghadam; M. Saidi; V. Abdossi; M. Mirab-balou; Z. Tahmasebi
Abstract
Plant-derived extracts and essential oils may function as environmentally friendly non-persistent bio-pesticides that are safe for humans as well as other animals. In this study, we investigated the effects of six endemic plant extracts as well as commercial insecticides against Bemisia tabaci and some ...
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Plant-derived extracts and essential oils may function as environmentally friendly non-persistent bio-pesticides that are safe for humans as well as other animals. In this study, we investigated the effects of six endemic plant extracts as well as commercial insecticides against Bemisia tabaci and some physiological responses in cucumber as the host plant at field conditions. The plant extracts and Stamipride as chemical pesticide were sprayed on the plants at 250, 500 and 1000 ppm concentrations. All extracts led to the reduced number of adults as compared with control, among which the greatest impact on the control of this pest was recorded for the extract of Oliveria decombens. Application of all extracts especially at concentrations of 500 and 1000 ppm significantly increased the number of first and second grade fruits. The content of potassium significantly increased and the content of calcium decreased by increasing the concentration of extracts from 250 to 1000 ppm. Results showed that application of extracts and pesticide, especially at high concentrations, imposed negative effects on plant and significantly increased the antioxidant activity in cucumber leaves. In general, all extracts used, especially the extract of Oliveria decombens at a low concentration(250 ppm)was extremely efficient in controlling the adult population of Bemisia tabaci without adverse effects on host plants compared with the commercial insecticide.
H. Darvizheh; M. Zahedi; B. Abaszadeh; J. Razmjoo
Abstract
In order to study the effect of water deficit and foliar application of salicylic acid and spermine on the phenological stages and caffeic acid derivatives yield of Echinacea purpurea L., a three replicated split- plot experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design during 2016 and ...
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In order to study the effect of water deficit and foliar application of salicylic acid and spermine on the phenological stages and caffeic acid derivatives yield of Echinacea purpurea L., a three replicated split- plot experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design during 2016 and 2017 growing seasons at the research field of Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Iran. In this experiment, three irrigation regimes (irrigation after 20, 40 and 60% depletion of soil available water) were accommodated in main plots and salicylic acid (SA) and spermine (SPM) spray treatments (Control (no spray), spray at five levels of 75 mg/l SA, 150 mg/l SA, 75 mg/l SPM, 75 mg/l SA+75 mg/l SPM and 150 mg/l SA+75 mg/l SPM) were considered in subplots. The exogenous SA and SPM were applied on the foliage at two steps, 10-days apart and at the beginning of stem elongation stage. The effects of irrigation regime and spray treatments were significant on the traits studied. Drought stress decreased the number of days to phenological stages, the yield of echinacoside and cynarin in flower and cichoric acid, and caftaric acid and cynarin in leaves, but increased the yield of chlorogenic acid in flowers and caffeic acid derivatives (cichoric acid, echinacoside, chlorogenic acid, caftaric acid and cynarin) in roots. The foliar application of salicylic acid and spermine increased all studied traits. The interaction between water deficit and foliar spray was significant on the yield of caffeic acid derivatives in roots. The highest yield of cichoric acid (9.49 kg/ha), echinacoside (0.67 kg/ha), chlorogenic acid (0.26 kg/ha), caftaric acid (7.31 kg/ha) and cynarin (0.27 kg/ha) in roots was obtained at irrigation after 60% depletion of soil available water and simultaneous application of high concentrations of SA and SPM. Based on the results of the present study, the foliar application of SA and SPM improved the yield of caffeic acid derivatives in coneflower under both normal and water stress conditions.
