D. Hesami; F. Ghaffarifar; A. Dalimi Asl; V. Nasiri; E. Ghasemi; O.N. Jorjani
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis is one of the endemic and common diseases in many parts of our country. The use of pentavalent antimony compounds as first-line drugs for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis have several limitations and side effects. Hence the herbal drug can be good alternatives. In the ...
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Cutaneous leishmaniasis is one of the endemic and common diseases in many parts of our country. The use of pentavalent antimony compounds as first-line drugs for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis have several limitations and side effects. Hence the herbal drug can be good alternatives. In the present study, the effect of essential oil of Pistacia atlantica Desf. on the growth of Leishmania major was investigated in in vivo and in vitro conditions. Initially, the essential oil of Pistacia atlantica with dilution of 1:50 to 1:3200 was evaluated on the promastigotes of Leishmania major, non-infected macrophages, and infected macrophages with amastigotes, in in vitro with MTT and flow cytometry tests. Also, the IC50 of the essential oil on the promastigotes of the Leishmania major (MRHO/IR/75/ER) was calculated. The ointment of Pistacia atlantica essential oil was used for treatment in in vivo condition. BALB /c mice were divided into three groups and in each group five mice including treated group with ointment of essential, treated group with glucantime and non-treated control group. The treatment was performed daily and once a day for four weeks. To assess the effect of the drugs, the wound diameter and weight and the mortality rate of the mice were measured every week. The ointment of Pistacia atlantica essential oil could inhibit the wounds diameter caused by Leishmania major. The flow cytometry results showed that Pistacia atlantica essential oil could create 10% apoptosis in the treated promastigotes. Overall, Pistacia atlantica essential oil was effective in eliminating the amastigotes of Leishmania major in the macrophages and culture media, and also the survival rate differences of treated mice and control group were significant.
M. Parsa; A. Zeinali
Abstract
Tropane alkaloids such as atropine and scopolamine have wide application in the treatment of diseases such as asthma and antispasmodic due to anticholinergic agents. In the present study, the effects of salicylic acid (SA) on the production of two alkaloids, atropine and scopolamine ,were studied ...
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Tropane alkaloids such as atropine and scopolamine have wide application in the treatment of diseases such as asthma and antispasmodic due to anticholinergic agents. In the present study, the effects of salicylic acid (SA) on the production of two alkaloids, atropine and scopolamine ,were studied in hairy root and in vitro grown root cultures of Hyoscyamus niger L. The roots were cultured in liquid B5 medium containing different concentrations of SA (0, 0. 1, 1, 2 and 4 mM) in various exposure times (24, 96 and 168 hours). Eventually, root growth index, and atropine and scopolamine content were assayed after 30 days. In in vitro grown roots, treatment with 1mM SA resulted in the highest production of atropine after 168 hours, while the highest amount of scopolamine (649.53 µg/g D. W) was obtained in 2mM SA (after 96 hours), showing more than 13-fold increase compared to the control. In hairy root cultures, the most significant contents of atropine were observed in the medium containing 2mM SA after 96 h. Moreover, the highest content of scopolamine was achieved in medium treated with 0.1 mM SA after 96 hours. In general, atropine content in hairy roots was considerably higher than that of in vitro grown roots. In contrast, scopolamine content in in vitro grown roots was significantly more than that of hairy roots. Moreover, the rate of root growth declined as a result of increasing of elicitor concentration in the medium.
S.F. Borgheei; H. Sarikhani; M. Chaichi; A. Kashi
Abstract
In vitro induction of polyploidy using mutation agents is one of the medicinal plant breeding methods which has been employed to increase potential of secondary metabolites production. In this research, in order to induce polyploidy in lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.), in vitro regenerated explants ...
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In vitro induction of polyploidy using mutation agents is one of the medicinal plant breeding methods which has been employed to increase potential of secondary metabolites production. In this research, in order to induce polyploidy in lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.), in vitro regenerated explants were treated by colchicine at 4 different concentrations 0.00, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2% for 24 and 48 h. Level of ploidy were identified in survival explants through root tip chromosome counting and leaf sample flow cytometry. Ten days after treatments, all colchicine-free treated explants were survived. Among the colchicine treatments (0.05, 0.1 and 0.2%), the highest explants survival rate were observed in the 0.05% colchicine application for 24 h (63.8%). On the contrary, 0.2% colchicine treatment for 48 h showed the highest rate of explants lethality. Results of chromosome counting and flow cytometry analysis indicated both diploid and mixoploid plants in colchicines treated explants. More effective treatment of colchicine for induction of ploidy was observed in 0.05% colchicine treatment for 48 h as high as 33.3% mixoploid plants.
