Agriculture and horticulture
A. Hayati; M.M. Rahimi; A. Kelidari; S.M. Hosseini
Abstract
Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seeds are used in the traditional medicine in many countries to prevent and treat many disorders and diseases including cough, asthma, nasal congestion, headache, toothache, intestinal worms, menstrual disorders, gastrointestinal diseases, and impotence. To study the effects ...
Read More
Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seeds are used in the traditional medicine in many countries to prevent and treat many disorders and diseases including cough, asthma, nasal congestion, headache, toothache, intestinal worms, menstrual disorders, gastrointestinal diseases, and impotence. To study the effects of humic acid and iron nanochelate on the content of osmotic protective osmolites including glucose, fructose, sucrose, proline, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase of medicinal plant black cumin under the drought stress conditions, an experiment was conducted as a split factorial based on the randomized complete block design with three treatments in three replications at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station of Eqlid city during two crop years of 2018 and 2019. The main plot consisted of three levels of irrigation (50, 75, and 100% of available water) and sub-plots included humic acid (0, 250, and 500 mg l-1) and iron nanochelate (0, 1, and 2 g l-1). The results showed that the effects of irrigation, humic acid, and iron chelate treatments on the catalase, superoxide dismutase, glucose, and peroxidase content, irrigation treatments on the proline content, and irrigation and humic acid treatments on the sucrose and fructose content were significant. The content of all protective osmolites increased in the 50% drought stress treatment. The highest content of glucose, fructose, and sucrose was obtained in the 50% drought stress, 500 mg l-1 humic acid, and 2 g l-1 iron nanochelate treatment. Overall, based on the results of this experiment, the application of humic acid fertilizer (500 mg l-1) and iron nanochelate (2 g l-1) could be recommended to reduce the effects of drought stress on black cumin.
Improvement and breeding
B. Esmaielpour; M. Shiekhalipour; M. Torabi-Giglo
Abstract
Soil salinity in arid and semi-arid regions is one of the most important abiotic stresses causing negative effects on the growth and yield of medicinal plants. To investigate the effect of Zn nanoparticles foliar spray at different levels on growth characteristic, antioxidant enzymes, and essential oil ...
Read More
Soil salinity in arid and semi-arid regions is one of the most important abiotic stresses causing negative effects on the growth and yield of medicinal plants. To investigate the effect of Zn nanoparticles foliar spray at different levels on growth characteristic, antioxidant enzymes, and essential oil yield of dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) under salinity stress conditions, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications in the greenhouse of Mohaghegh Ardabili University during 2018-2019. Experimental treatments included salinity stress at four levels (0, 50, 100, and 150 mM of NaCl) and foliar spray with Zn nanoparticles at three levels (0, 100, and 500 mg.l-1). Traits including plant height, aerial parts fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll, cell membrane electrolyte leakage, relative water content, proline, antioxidant enzymes, and percentage and yield of essential oil were measured. Results showed that salinity significantly decreased plant height, shoot fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll, the relative water content of leaves, and essential oil yield, and increased electrolyte leakage from cell membranes and proline content of the leaves. While nano-Zn foliar spray reduced the negative effects of salinity stress by increasing the growth and activity of antioxidant enzymes such as ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. Treatment of 500 mg.l-1 nano-Zn caused the best-improving effect on traits including plant height, stem dry weight, chlorophyll, electrolyte leakage, antioxidant enzymes, and essential oil yield under salinity stress conditions. Therefore, the use of 500 mg.l-1 nano-Zn is recommended as a reduction of the negative effects of salinity stress in dragonhead.
Y. Mehrabi; M. Movahhedi Dehnavi; A. Salehi; R. Mohatashami; M. Hamidian
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of different levels of supplementary irrigation and bio-fertilizers on some physiological traits, yield, and essential oil percentage of medicinal plant cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.), an experiment was conducted as split-plot in a randomized complete block design ...
Read More
In order to investigate the effects of different levels of supplementary irrigation and bio-fertilizers on some physiological traits, yield, and essential oil percentage of medicinal plant cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.), an experiment was conducted as split-plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the research field of Kohgiluyeh and Buyer-Ahmad Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Training Center in 2017. The main plot included supplementary irrigation (complete rainfed conditions, supplementary irrigation at 50% flowering and at the start of seed formation) and the subplot included bio-fertilizer (no phosphorus bio-fertilizer, mycorrhiza Glomus mosseae, phosphorus bio-fertilizer, and combination of mycorrhiza and phosphorus bio-fertilizer). The application of supplementary irrigation with bio-fertilizer increased the total chlorophyll and carotenoid and decreased the proline content. Phosphorus bio-fertilizer also increased catalase enzyme activity in the plant. The effects of supplementary irrigation and phosphorus bio-fertilizer on the number of umbrella per plant, plant height, 1000-seed weight and the number of seeds per umbrella were significant. The highest amount of 1000-seed weight (2.55 g), seed yield (622.4 kg ha-1), biological yield (1252 kg ha-1), and essential oil percentage (54.86%) was obtained in the mycorrhiza treatment together with the phosphorus bio-fertilizer. In general, the results showed that using phosphorus bio-fertilizer, mycorrhiza, and supplementary irrigation can improve physiological traits, yield, and essential oil of cumin under rainfed conditions.
A. Rahemi Kahrizaki; R. Rahimi; A. Gholizadeh; E. Gholamalipour Alamdari; H. Saboori; S.H. Davoodi
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of different levels of vermicompost and nitroxin on the qualitative properties of medicinal plant marigold (Calendula officinalis L.), an experiment was conducted as factorial based on a completely randomized design with four replications in the greenhouse of Gonbad-e-Kavos ...
Read More
In order to investigate the effects of different levels of vermicompost and nitroxin on the qualitative properties of medicinal plant marigold (Calendula officinalis L.), an experiment was conducted as factorial based on a completely randomized design with four replications in the greenhouse of Gonbad-e-Kavos University during 2014-2015. The first factor was vermicompost fertilizer treatment at six levels (0%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 70% and 100%) and the second factor was biological nitroxin fertilizer at two levels of inoculation (25 ml/kg soil) and no inoculation with nitroxin. The results of analysis of variance showed that the effects of nitroxin, vermicompost and their interaction on all traits studied were significant. However, the total phenol content was only significant in the vermicompost treatment. The results showed that the highest total phenol content, chlorophyll a, and total chlorophyll were obtained in 10% vermicompost treatment with nitroxin inoculation. The highest chlorophyll b content was related to 10% vermicompost treatment without nitroxin inoculation. The highest nitrogen content in the plant and catalase content were obtained from 100% vermicompost treatment with nitroxin inoculation, and 100% vermicompost without nitroxin inoculation, respectively. The highest amount of essential oil was obtained from 100% vermicompost treatment with nitroxin inoculation and the lowest was obtained from control treatment without nitroxin inoculation. According to the results, 100% and 70% vermicompost with nitroxin inoculation could be suggested as a suitable treatment for the production of marigold essential oil.
S. Fabriki-Ourang; H.S. Shahabzadeh
Abstract
In this study, the effects of salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate as two inducers were studied on antioxidant activity, photosynthetic pigments and flavonoids under salinity stress in Chelidonium majus L. This experiment was conducted as a factorial in a completely randomized design with four replications ...
Read More
In this study, the effects of salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate as two inducers were studied on antioxidant activity, photosynthetic pigments and flavonoids under salinity stress in Chelidonium majus L. This experiment was conducted as a factorial in a completely randomized design with four replications at Imam Khomeini International University during 2017. The elicitors were treated as foliar and mixed with irrigation. The factors studied included elicitors at three levels (distilled water as control, 2 mM salicylic acid, and 100 µM methyl jasmonate), salinity stress at two levels, urban water as control (EC=0.62 ds/m), salinity at 30 mM NaCl (EC=3.36 ds/m), and plant organs at three levels (leaf, root, stem). The analysis of variance showed that the main effects of salinity, elicitors, organs and their interactions were significant for most of the traits. The results of mean comparison for elicitors showed that methyl jasmonate increased carotenoid, flavonoids and anthocyanin. Both salicylic acid and methyl-jasmonate treatments reduced the amount and activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase and guaiacol peroxidase enzymes under salinity stress. In mean comparison of the triple interaction effects, salinity+salicylic acid+leaf was the best combination of factors for chlorophyll (1.68 mg.g-1 FW) and carotenoid (0.54 mg.g-1 FW) contents. Also, the maximum content for anthocyanin (5.7 OD.gr-1 FW) was observed in non-salinity+methyl jasmonate+leaf and for flavonoids in salinity+non-hormone (3.42 OD.gr-1 FW), non-salinity+salicylic acid (3.27 OD.gr-1 FW) and salinity+methyl jasmonate (3.2 OD.gr-1 FW) in leaf, respectively. The amount of total protein increased in salinity+salicylic acid (56.72 mg.g-1 FW) and salinity+methyl jasmonate (53.27 mg.g-1 FW) in contrast to reduction in salinity+non-hormone (43.35 mg.g-1 FW). In conclusion, by applying the two mentioned elicitors, greater celandine does not need to increase the antioxidant defense system and will potentially improve the yield of biomass and some secondary metabolites under salinity stress.
Gh. Habibi; P. Ghorbanzade; M. Abedini
Abstract
In this study, the influence of hydroponically applied (0.1, 1 and 10mg l-1) and foliar-applied (10mg l-1) Na2SeO3 on the some physiological characteristics of Melissa officinalis L. was investigated. The results indicated that the root application of 10mg l-1 Se could decrease shoot fresh and dry mass, ...
Read More
In this study, the influence of hydroponically applied (0.1, 1 and 10mg l-1) and foliar-applied (10mg l-1) Na2SeO3 on the some physiological characteristics of Melissa officinalis L. was investigated. The results indicated that the root application of 10mg l-1 Se could decrease shoot fresh and dry mass, and caused an improved lipid peroxidation in hydroponically grown lemon balm. Se supply at 10mg l-1 in lemon balm exhibited a significantly positive effect on accumulation of total chlorophyll, and raised the activity of catalase, but these mechanisms could not ameliorate the negative effect of Se toxicity on productivity, as was indicated by a higher malondialdehyde concentration. Our results indicated that for biofortification program with lemon balm, the application of Se as selenate at low concentrations (0.1 and 1mg l-1) would be more beneficial because it favored shoot biomass growth. In contrast, the results from field experiment indicated that foliar-applied Se (10mg l-1) was favorable for biomass accumulation in lemon balm. In this work, the foliar application of selenium induced higher activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase as well as the higher total phenol content, which appear to act as protective compounds. It was concluded that foliar applications to lemon balm at 10mg Se l-1 can effectively cause a significantly higher growth rate, improve Se content and phenolic compounds.
M. Askary; F. Amini; L. Hosseinpour
Abstract
Salinity stress is one of the major abiotic stresses that have destructive effects on plant productivity and quality. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of zinc as alleviating agent under salinity stress on antioxidative system, proteins, proline and growth of Catharanthus roseus ...
Read More
Salinity stress is one of the major abiotic stresses that have destructive effects on plant productivity and quality. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of zinc as alleviating agent under salinity stress on antioxidative system, proteins, proline and growth of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. at Arak University in 2012 autumn. A number of 49-days-old plants were treated with different concentrations of NaCl (0, 35, 70 and 100mM) alone and in combination with various ZnSO4 concentrations (0, 5 and 10μm) for 21 days. Then, the inhibition percent of 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and guaiacol peroxidase, proline and protein content and growth parameters were measured. Results showed that zinc application improved shoot length, root depth, root and shoot fresh and dry weight under all salinity treatments. As a result of salinity stress, the inhibition percent of DPPH radical and superoxide dismutase, catalase, guaiacol peroxidase activity and also proline content increased 348.5%, 475.6%, 172.7%, 200% and 364%, respectively but protein content was reduced 33%. Zinc application improved protein content up to 16% in plants under salinity treatment and also reduced the proline content up to 36%. The activity of antioxidant enzymes increased significantly in treated plants with NaCl+Zn as compared with those treated with NaCl or Zn alone. These results support the positive effects of Zn application on antioxidant defense system in vinca under salinity. Zinc may act as a scavenger of reactive oxygen species for mitigating the injury on biomembranes under salt stress.
F. Soleymani; A.R. Pirzad
Abstract
Some crops have the ability to withstand environmental stresses as they prevent further production of oxygen free radicals or cope with the produced free radicals. Accordingly, in order to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal fungi species on eco-physiological characteristics of Hyssopus officinalis ...
Read More
Some crops have the ability to withstand environmental stresses as they prevent further production of oxygen free radicals or cope with the produced free radicals. Accordingly, in order to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal fungi species on eco-physiological characteristics of Hyssopus officinalis L., a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design was conducted with three replications at the research farm of west Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center in 2012. Treatments were species of mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus mousseae, G. intraradicese, G. fasiculatum, G. claroideum, Acaulospora longula and control without mycorrhiza) and four levels of irrigation (irrigation at 80, 70, 60 and 50% field capacity). Results showed the significant effects of irrigation and mycorrhiza on the ascorbate peroxidase, and significant interaction between irrigation and fungi species on the percentage of mycorrhizal colonization, catalase activity and superoxide dismutase. The order of highest colonization of Hyssop root was G. mosseae, G. intraradices, G. fasiculatum, G. claroideum and A. longula compared to control treatment in all irrigation levels. The highest activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase in plants inoculated with G. mosseae, G. fasiculatum, G. fasiculatum and G. claroideum belonged to irrigation at 50, 60, 50 and 50% of field capacity, respectively. However, the highest ascorbate peroxidase belonged to irrigation at 50% field capacity. In conclusion, the results showed that mycorrhizal species affected the amendment of water deficit stress due to the increased antioxidant enzyme activity in order to neutralize the effects of free radicals and cell membrane stability.
M. Ghorbanli; A. Alibabaee; M. Payvandi
Abstract
Hypericum perforatum L. is a valuable medicinal species. The plant geneus includes 17 species in Iran, but H. perforatum is the only valuable species.The species plays an essential role in the treatment of depression. In this study, Hypericum perforatum was treated with different concentrations of molybdenum ...
Read More
Hypericum perforatum L. is a valuable medicinal species. The plant geneus includes 17 species in Iran, but H. perforatum is the only valuable species.The species plays an essential role in the treatment of depression. In this study, Hypericum perforatum was treated with different concentrations of molybdenum including (control, 0.1, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6 µΜ) in Hoagland solution at 6.8 pH and then samples were used to measure biochemical parameters. Molybdenum significantly increased proline content. The shoot catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities increased in all treatments of molybdenum, but in root, it was reduced in higher concentrations. Shoot peroxidase activities increased by treatments of molybdenum, except at a concentration of 0.8µΜ. The increase in peroxidase activity was also observed in roots but it was reduced at higher concentrations. The malondealdehyde and molybdenum content increased in higher concentrations of molybdenum. Molybdenum content increased by increasing treated molybdenum. Therefore, molybdenum stress increased the proline content and peroxidase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities, and toxicity symptoms were observed in high concentrations of molybdenum as lipid peroxidation. Data were analyzed by SPSS and mean comparisons was performed by Duncan's multiple range test. In each experiment, 3 replications were used.
N. Omidpanah; A. Moradshahi; Z. Asrar
Abstract
Zhumeria majdae Rech. has been used as traditional medicine in southern part of Iran. Essential oils and extracts from different parts of the plant have allelopathic effects. Present study investigated allelopathic effects of Zhumeria majdae Rech. essential oil on germination percentage, pigment content ...
Read More
Zhumeria majdae Rech. has been used as traditional medicine in southern part of Iran. Essential oils and extracts from different parts of the plant have allelopathic effects. Present study investigated allelopathic effects of Zhumeria majdae Rech. essential oil on germination percentage, pigment content (chlorophyll and carotenoid) and antioxidant enzymes (catalase and Guiacol Peroxidase) activities on two wheat cultivars, Azar2 and Sardari. Plants were grown in perlite and the 10- days treated plants were used for the measurements. Different concentrations of the essential oil were obtained by 2.5% Arabic Gum solution. Distilled water and 2.5% Arabic Gum solution were used as control. Results indicated that germination percentage, pigment content, and the two antioxidant enzymes activities of the species treated with Arabic Gum were equal to those of the species treated with distilled water. With increasing essential oil concentration, in both cultivars, the germination percentage and chlorophyll content decreased and the carotenoid content increased. In the presence of essential oil, catalase activity increased slightly in both cultivars. In conclusion, it could be stated that incremnet of pigment content and antioxidant enzymes activities reduce their harmful effects on growth and development of the species through lowering the Reactive Oxigen Species (ROS) concentration.
