Agriculture and horticulture
Z. Izadi; A. Biabani; H. Sabouri; B. Bahreyninejad
Abstract
Datura stramonium L. is one of the important medicinal plants in the pharmaceutical industry due to its alkaloid compounds. To investigate the effects of urea fertilizer at three levels (60, 120, and 180 kg.ha-1) and planting density at three levels (6, 10, and 14 plants.m-2) on the yield and yield components ...
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Datura stramonium L. is one of the important medicinal plants in the pharmaceutical industry due to its alkaloid compounds. To investigate the effects of urea fertilizer at three levels (60, 120, and 180 kg.ha-1) and planting density at three levels (6, 10, and 14 plants.m-2) on the yield and yield components of this plant species, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design in the research farm of Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Iran in 2018 and 2019 crop years. The main effects of density and urea on the traits including height, number of lateral branches, and 1000-seed weight and the interaction of different urea and density levels on the traits including seed yield, biological yield, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per plant, and number of seeds per capsule were significant in both years. The highest seed yield (1282.37 and 1212.53 kg.ha-1, respectively in 2018 and 2019 years) was obtained in the urea fertilizer 180 kg.ha-1 and 6 plants.m-2 treatment. The causal analysis results showed that the highest direct positive effect at the different levels of density and urea was related to the number of capsules per plant. The results of this experiment showed that the application of 180 kg.ha-1 of urea and 6 plants.m-2 could play an important role in increasing the seed yield of medicinal plant D. stramonium.
M.H. Lebaschi; E. Sharifi Ashourabadi; M. Makizadeh Tafti; A.H. Talebpour; J. Hasani; Kh. Karimzadeh; S. Asadi sanam
Abstract
In order to study the effect of plant density on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Thymus pubescens Boiss. & Kotschy ex Celak under rainfed conditions, a field experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in three different dry farming ...
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In order to study the effect of plant density on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Thymus pubescens Boiss. & Kotschy ex Celak under rainfed conditions, a field experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in three different dry farming regions of the country during two years. Experimental treatments consisted of plant density (25, 35 and 50 cm between plants on rows equal to 8, 6 and 4 plant/m2, respectively), time (first and second year after planting) and location (East Azarbayjan, Kordestan, and Tehran). The traits including plant height, canopy diameter, dry matter yield of aerial parts, essential oil yield and content were measured at full flowering stage. The results of ANOVA indicated the significant effect of density, location and time and their interaction on all traits studied. The highest dry matter yield (1147 kg ha-1) was obtained in both two years in Tehran at 8 plant/m2. Kordestan with 2.25% and East Azarbayjan with 0.43% had the highest and lowest essential oil percentage, respectively. In density × location interaction, the highest amount of essential oil yield was obtained in Kordestan (21.73 kg ha-1) and Tehran (17.88 kg ha-1) at a density of 8 plant/m2. Thymus pubescens showed higher dry matter and essential oil yield under high plant density, indicating the establishment and adaptation of the species to different rainfed regions of the country especially Damavand and Kordestan.
M.H. Lebaschi; E. Sharifi Ashoorabadi; M. Makizadeh Tafti; S. Asadi-Sanam; Kh. Karimzadeh Asl
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of plant density on quantitative and qualitative yieldof three species of Thymus under dry farming conditions in Tehran (Damavand), Kurdistan and Kermanshah provinces, an experiment was conducted in a randomized block design based on split plot with three replications ...
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In order to evaluate the effect of plant density on quantitative and qualitative yieldof three species of Thymus under dry farming conditions in Tehran (Damavand), Kurdistan and Kermanshah provinces, an experiment was conducted in a randomized block design based on split plot with three replications during three years (2009-2011). The treatments were included three species (T. vulgaris L., T. daenensis Celak.and T. kotschyanus Boiss. & Hohen.) and three planting densities (4, 6 and 8 plant/m2), which were considered as main and sup-plots, respectively. Shoot dry matter yield, essential oil content, yield and essential oil components were determined. Results showed that the four-interaction effect (density, species, year and province) was significant on dry matter content, calculated to be from 75 to 5172 kg/h in different treatments. The maximum dry matter yield was observed at a density of 6 plant/m2 for T. daenensis in Kermanshah in the third year of experiment. The highest essential oil yield was obtained at a density of 8 plant/m2 for T. daenensis in Kermanshah in the second year of experiment. The maximum thymol content (80.33%) was related to T. daenensis inDamavand at a density of 6 plant/m2 in the third year of experiment. Overall, high production capacity of T. daenensis in the study provinces indicates the adaptation and economic yield of this native and valuable species.
M. Khosravi; S.Gh. Moosavi; M.J. Seghatoleslami
Abstract
In order to study the effect of irrigation interval, Nitrogen (N) fertilization and plant density on yield and yield components of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.), a split-split-plot experiment was conducted in Darmian, Iran in Spring 2010 based on a randomized complete block design with three ...
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In order to study the effect of irrigation interval, Nitrogen (N) fertilization and plant density on yield and yield components of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.), a split-split-plot experiment was conducted in Darmian, Iran in Spring 2010 based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plots were irrigation interval at two levels of 5 and 10 days. The sub-plots were N fertilization at three rates of 0, 75 and 150 kg N.ha-1 from urea source and the sub-sub-plots were plant density at three levels of 22, 33 and 66 plants.m-2. According to the results of analysis of variance, irrigation interval significantly affected traits of pod length and water use efficiency (WUE) for seed and biomass production. In addition, main branch number per plant, pod length, seed yield, chlorophyll index and WUE for seed and biomass production, were significantly affected by nitrogen rate and plant density had significant effect on main branch number per plant and ring diameter. Means comparison showed that as irrigation interval was increased from 5 to 10 days, pod length decreased 8.7%, but WUE for seed and biomass production increased 40.5 and 47.5%, respectively. Also, as N rate was increased from 0 to 150 kg N.ha-1, main branch number per plant, pod length, seed yield, chlorophyll index and WUE for seed and biomass production increased by 23.5, 26.4, 23.2, 67.1, 72.3 and 71.5%, respectively. Moreover, with increasing of density from 22 to 66 plant. m-2, branch number per plant and ring diameter decrased 7.9 and 11.2%, respectively. In total, given the results of the study and the importance of water saving, it is recommended to use irrigation interval of 10 days with the application of 150 kg N.ha-1 and density of 66 plants.m-2 for the cultivation of fenugreek in Darmian, Iran.
A. Tadayyon; S. Torabian; M.R. Tadayon
Abstract
In order to evaluate the morphological and agronomical traits of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) genotypes in different plant densities, a field experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment in RCBD design with three replications in the field. Plant densities of 300, 500, and 1000 plant/m2 as ...
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In order to evaluate the morphological and agronomical traits of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) genotypes in different plant densities, a field experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment in RCBD design with three replications in the field. Plant densities of 300, 500, and 1000 plant/m2 as first factor and four linseed genotypes (Iran, Australia, Canada, and France) as second factor were used. Plants were harvested at three stages of vegetative growth, 50% flowering, and maturity stage. Results showed that plant densities had significant effect on plant height and above-ground dry weight in vegetative stage; plant height, stem diameter and dry weight in 50% flowering; and plant height, stem diameter, stem branch number, and dry weight in maturity stage. In addition, the number of capsules per plant, 1000 seeds weight, grain yield and harvest index were significantly affected by plant densities. Different linseeds genotypes showed significant effect on the characteristics of plant height, stem diameter, and stem branch number, in all three harvest stages. Traits as number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, 1000 seeds weight, grain yield, harvest index, and 50% of flowering and maturity also were affected significantly by linseeds genotypes. The maximum grain yield was obtained in the density of 1000 plants/m2. Maximum values were recorded for Iranian linseed genotype with an average production of 6.40 seeds per capsule, an average production of 1375 kg of seeds per hectare, and a mean harvest index of 21.23. It was also identified as the latest genotype for both days to 50% flowering (65 days) and days to maturity (123 days).
S.P. Ghasemi; E. Sharifi Ashoorabadi
Abstract
The effects of density and intercropping of safflower (Carthamus tinctorious L.) and rocket sativa (Eruca sativa L.) were evaluated on yield and land equivalent ratio. The experiment was conducted as spilt plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications for one year (2010-11) in the ...
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The effects of density and intercropping of safflower (Carthamus tinctorious L.) and rocket sativa (Eruca sativa L.) were evaluated on yield and land equivalent ratio. The experiment was conducted as spilt plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications for one year (2010-11) in the experimental field of Share-Rey University. Main plots included three density levels (40, 20 and 16 plantm2) and subplots included six intercropping arrangement system. CCCCCCCC (pure culture of Carthamus tinctorious L.) EEEEEEEE (Pure culture of Eruca sativa L.) and CCCCEEEE, ECCCEEEC, CCEECCEECC, CECECECE (Mix culture). The studied characteristics included yield, yield components and LER. According to the results, the highest dry matter yield (1035 and 1050 gr) and seed yield (246 and 268 gr) were obtained from a density of 40 and CCCCEEEE arrangement for Eruca sativa and Carthamus tinctorious, respectively. In addition, the highest LER of dry matter yield (1.41) and seed yield (1.48) were obtained from high density and CCCCEEEE arrangement, indicating the benefits of intercropping as compared to the pure culture of each studied species
M. Mohammadpour; A. Ghasemnejad; M.H. Lebaschy; B. Abbaszadeh; M. Azadbakht
Abstract
Summer savory (Satureja hortensis L., Lamiaceae) is a well known medicinal and aromatic plant, native to Southern Europe, Anatolia, Caucasus, Iraq and western Iran, but nowadays it is cultivated worldwide. In order to evaluate the effect of sowing date and plant density on the yield and morphological ...
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Summer savory (Satureja hortensis L., Lamiaceae) is a well known medicinal and aromatic plant, native to Southern Europe, Anatolia, Caucasus, Iraq and western Iran, but nowadays it is cultivated worldwide. In order to evaluate the effect of sowing date and plant density on the yield and morphological characteristics of Satureja hortensis L. a field experiment was conducted in Sary Agricultural University using split-plot design based on randomized complete blocks with three replications during 2010. Main factors were three sowing dates (11 April, 22 April and 3 May) and sub factors were three plant density (15×35, 25×35 and 35×35cm). The species were investigated at full flowering stage. Sowing date and plant density had significant effects on most of the morphological characteristics. According to the results of mean comparison, the highest plant height (52.3 cm), lateral shoot (23.22 N/P), number of nod (17.81), shoot diameter (8.8 mm), root diameter (9.12 mm) and dry weight of root (2.76 g/p) were recorded for first sowing date. Delay in sowing time increased the dry shoot yield significantly as the highest dry shoot yield (3023.1 and 2663.9 kg/ha) was obtained at third and second sowing time. The result of mean comparison showed that the highest root diameter (9.33mm) and dry weight of root (2.56 g/p) were recorded for third density. In addition, the highest plant height (53.03 and 51.09 cm), lateral stem (21.94 and 21.79 N/P), number of nod (17.06 and 16.32) and shoot diameter (7.92 and 7.4 mm) were obtained at third and second densities. Plant density had no significant effect on dry shoot yield. The obtained results showed that morphological characteristics of Satureja hortensis were affected by agronomic treatments and growth performance may be enhanced by proper management.
R. Taheri; M.H. Lebaschy; A. Zakerin; M. Bakhtiari Ramezani; A. Borjian; M. Makkizadeh Tafti
Abstract
In order to study the effects of plant density on yield and essential oil yield of four species of thymus, an experiment was conducted at Homand Research Station as a split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Main plots were four species including Thymus daenensis, T. ...
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In order to study the effects of plant density on yield and essential oil yield of four species of thymus, an experiment was conducted at Homand Research Station as a split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Main plots were four species including Thymus daenensis, T. pubescens, T. kotschyanus and T.vulgaris and sub plots were three levels of plant density including 25, 35 and 50 cm row spacing. Measured characteristics included height, number of lateral branches, root length, canopy diameter, root dry weight, fresh and dry yield, essential oil percentage and yeild. Results indicated significant differences in terms of measured traits. Among the measured traits, the effect of density was significant on number of lateral branch, canopy dimeter, fresh yield, and root dry weight. According to the results of interaction effect between species and density, the highest dry yield and essential oil content (%) was obtained at 25 cm row spacing in T.kotschyanus and the lowest was recorded at 50 cm row spacing in T. daenensis. Results showed that the highest essential oil yield was obtained at 25 cm row spacing for T. kotschyanus and T. daenensis.
M. Najafpour Navaei; M. Golipour; E. Parsa
Volume 24, Issue 2 , August 2008, , Pages 198-206
Abstract
Agrimonia eupatoria L. is a perennial plant that has been distributed in Iran. Its effective components are used to cure some diseases such as hepatitis, control bleeding sedative, and balance especially in women menstrual. The purpose of this investigation was finding the best time and the normal distances ...
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Agrimonia eupatoria L. is a perennial plant that has been distributed in Iran. Its effective components are used to cure some diseases such as hepatitis, control bleeding sedative, and balance especially in women menstrual. The purpose of this investigation was finding the best time and the normal distances in cultivation on seed yield. Three stand density as 30, 40, 50cm (4, 6.2 and 9.2 per m-2) and four planting dates were based on factorial design with three replications, in research institute of forest and rangelands. Results showed 4/m-2 had significant differences on seed yield.
Sh. Moazzen; J. Daneshian; S.A. Valadabadi; H. Baghdadi
Volume 22, Issue 4 , February 2007, , Pages 397-409
Abstract
Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) is an annual plant that has been introduced to Iran in recent years. Its effective components are used to cure some diseases such as prostat hyperplasia, control of taenia, Arleriosclerosis, regulation of alimentary canal and hormonal balance especially in women and strengthening ...
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Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) is an annual plant that has been introduced to Iran in recent years. Its effective components are used to cure some diseases such as prostat hyperplasia, control of taenia, Arleriosclerosis, regulation of alimentary canal and hormonal balance especially in women and strengthening men sexual appeal in advanced countries. Phosphate is one of the macro-elements affecting root growth and development and seed and fruit yield. On the other hand, regarding to its high and indefinite shoot development, planting density is highly important to get the highest yield. An experiment was conducted to study planting density and phosphate in a faeturial experiment level. Three stand density as 10000, 13000, 16000 per ha and four pure phosphate as 0, 50, 100, 150 kg/ha-1 were based on RBCD with three replications, in Feyz-Abad research station, Qazvin in 2004. Results showed 10000 density had significant effectiveness on node number, shoot length, leaf number, leaf dry weight and lateral shoot number. Phosphate also affected significantly the highest leaf dry weight which was achieved by using 150-kg/ha-1 phosphate. The highest node number has been produced by 100 kg/ha-1 phosphate. 10000 plant/ha caused the highest fruit yield, seed number and seed dry weight. Also, 100 kg/ha-1 phosphate treatment leaded to the most seed number and the highest seed dry weight. Plant population and phosphate fertilizer had no significant difference on the oil content.
M. Bachtiari Ramezani; M.H. Lebaschy; N. Neamati
Abstract
In order to study the effects of plant density on yield and yield components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius)an experiment was conducted in Homand Research Station of Pasture under a completely randomized block design with 3 Replication in 2004. The treatment were 17, 25 and 35 Row Spacing (29, 20 ...
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In order to study the effects of plant density on yield and yield components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius)an experiment was conducted in Homand Research Station of Pasture under a completely randomized block design with 3 Replication in 2004. The treatment were 17, 25 and 35 Row Spacing (29, 20 and 14 Plant/m2, respectively). The results showed significant difference between densities for seed and biomass yield. Stigma yield also increased with high density. Seed per pappus and harvest index were decreased and number of pappus per plant was decreased significantly with high density. Therefore, safflower could be cultivated and produced with optimum yield under dry farming of Damavand Region.
