A. Riazi; N. Majnoun Hosseini; H.A. Naghdi Badi; M.R. Naghavi; Sh. Rezazadeh
Abstract
Hypericin and hyperforin compounds are considered as the main active constituents of Hypericum perforatum L. In this research, phytochemical variations of 25 St. John’s Wort populations in Iran’s natural habitats were investigated. Plants were sampled randomly at the full flowering stage ...
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Hypericin and hyperforin compounds are considered as the main active constituents of Hypericum perforatum L. In this research, phytochemical variations of 25 St. John’s Wort populations in Iran’s natural habitats were investigated. Plants were sampled randomly at the full flowering stage from Golestan, Mazandaran, Gilan, East Azerbaijan, West Azerbaijan, Ardabil, Kurdistan, Hamedan, Kohgiloyeh and Boyr-Ahmad, Qazvin, Zanjan, Khorasan and Tehran provinces during the spring and summer of 2010. Results indicated that the differences in the amounts of hypericin and hyperforin of leaf and flower tissues were found to be significant among populations (P<0.05). Flower tissues had more hypericin and hyperforin amounts as compared to leaf tissues. The amount of hyperforin in both tissues was higher than that of hypericin significantly. Simple correlation analysis showed positive significant correlations between leaf hypericin with dark and light glands density on the leaf and light glands density on the leaf surface area as well as positive significant correlation between leaf hyperforin and leaf hypericin. The principal components analysis indicated that the two components explained 66% of the total variance. The cluster analysis divided these populations into three groups with no consistency in their geographical distribution. In conclusion, the results indicated high variations of phytochemical characters among St. John’s Wort populations in Iran’s natural habitats, which can be utilized in the breeding programs.
M. Ghanbari; M.K. Souri; R. Omidbaigi; H. Hadavand Mirzaei
Abstract
Achillea millefolium L. is a well-known species amongst the members of Achillea (Asteraceae) which grows naturally in Iran. In this study, the natural habitats of Achillea millefolium L.were identified in different regions of East Azerbaijan province during the growth season in 2011. The evaluation of ...
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Achillea millefolium L. is a well-known species amongst the members of Achillea (Asteraceae) which grows naturally in Iran. In this study, the natural habitats of Achillea millefolium L.were identified in different regions of East Azerbaijan province during the growth season in 2011. The evaluation of morphological variation in 35 genotypes of seven populations of Achillea millefolium L. was carried out to determine superior characters for future breeding programs and medicinal purposes. In this study, 14 quantitative and qualitative characters were evaluated. Flowering stems were used to investigate the quantity of essential oil. Data of locations, vegetative and reproductive characters of each population and the amount of essential oil obtained from each location were recorded. Results were analyzed using cluster analysis with SPSS software. Populations were clustered based on vegetative and reproductive characters and the amount of essential oil. The results of simple correlation analysis showed the existence of significant, positive and negative correlations among some important characters. Factor analysis was also used for defining the determinant factors. According to the factor analysis, flowering stem length, internode length and leaf width constituted the main factors. The populations of Achillea millefolium L. were separated into four groups by cluster analysis using Ward method. The most similar populations were Pirbala, Kondlaj and Jolfa, while Shabestar and Zonoz were separated from other populations. Also populations of Bonab and Basmenj were clustered as a separate group. In conclusion, in this study from all populations, Basmanj and Jolfa populations due to higher yield of essential oil as well as higher adaptability to region climatic conditions are recommended for further physiological and breeding studies.
A.R. Yavari; V. Nazeri; F. Sefidkon; Z. Zamani; M.E. Hassani
Abstract
In the present study, the genetic variation within and among some populations of Thymus migricus Klokov & Desj.-Shost was investigated using the RAPD markers. Twenty-one decamer RAPD primers produced 310 unique bands. RAPD analysis showed 14 monomorphic and 296 polymorphic bands in different genotypes. ...
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In the present study, the genetic variation within and among some populations of Thymus migricus Klokov & Desj.-Shost was investigated using the RAPD markers. Twenty-one decamer RAPD primers produced 310 unique bands. RAPD analysis showed 14 monomorphic and 296 polymorphic bands in different genotypes. The number of polymorphic bands per primer varied from 5 to 20 with a mean of 14.09. Genetic distance was measured by Nei’s coefficient and cluster analysis was carried out. A dendrogram was drawn based on genetic distance data, applying the UPGMA clustering method. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) was performed. According to the dendrogram, among T. migricus populations, Band and Jolfa populations had maximum differences with a distance of 0.130. Evaluation of genetic diversity within populations with an average of Nei’s gene diversity analysis and Shannon’s information index, showed that diversity within population of Jolfa (h = 0.196 & I = 0.294) was more than other populations while genetic diversity within population of Ghushchi (h = 0.139 & I = 0.209) was less than other populations. Mean of Fst and Nm indexes which show gene flow among populations, were 0.30 and 1.14, indicating a greater gene flow among five populations of T. migricus. The results of the present study showed that there was a greater level of genetic variation in the Iranian natural populations of T. migricus which could be applied for future breeding programs.
F. Asadicorom; H. Mirzaie-Nodoushan; M. Emam; Gh. Bakhshi-Khaniki; H. Keneshloo; M.Y. Achak
Abstract
Plant responses to micro propagation may have genetic basis with quantitative or qualitative inheritance modes. Investigating of variations within and between populations of drumstick (Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori) through culturing immature seeds and embryos, for responding to micro propagation, ...
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Plant responses to micro propagation may have genetic basis with quantitative or qualitative inheritance modes. Investigating of variations within and between populations of drumstick (Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori) through culturing immature seeds and embryos, for responding to micro propagation, were the main objectives of this study. A high number of immature seeds and embryos were collected from six different habitats of the species located at South part of Sistan and Baluchestan. These were aseptically cultured on 7 different mediums. A number of morphological traits were recorded on the growing genotypes for two successive times. The studied populations showed significant differences based on the length and width of the collected immature seeds. But they were not significantly different based on several other characteristics in the first time records. Number of lateral roots and shoot length were significantly different between the populations at this stage. There were significant differences between the studied culturing media based on several studied characters. Regarding significant interactions between the population and the culture media, WPM was the best for growing more mature seeds (collected from Bent and Chanf). Whereas, less mature seeds grown better in the media with higher calcium sources. The differences between the populations were revealed for number of root, root length and plantlet length based on the second time records. Significant interaction between the populations and media in several recorded characters showed that the alteration of the response of the plant populations were not similar across the media.
