H. Sartip; I. Khammari; M. Dahmarde
Abstract
Karela (Momordica charantia L.) is a plant with multiple medicinal properties, whose fruits are used to control diabetes. In order to study the effects of biological and chemical fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative properties and secondary metabolites of Karela, an experiment was conducted ...
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Karela (Momordica charantia L.) is a plant with multiple medicinal properties, whose fruits are used to control diabetes. In order to study the effects of biological and chemical fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative properties and secondary metabolites of Karela, an experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with three replications in the Research Field of Agricultural Research Institute of Zabol University. Experimental treatments included: control or 100 percent chemical fertilizer (F1), nitroxin + fertile phosphate 2 (F2), nitroxin + fertile phosphate 2 + 75 percent chemical fertilizer (F3), nitroxin + fertile phosphate 2 + 50 percent chemical fertilizer (F4), nitroxin + fertile phosphate 2 + 25 percent chemical fertilizer (F5), biological nano-fertilizer (F6), biological nano-fertilizer + 75 percent chemical fertilizer (F7), biological nano-fertilizer + 50 percent chemical fertilizer (F8) and biological nano-fertilizer + 25 percent chemical fertilizer (F9). The results of analysis of variance indicated that the effects of application of different chemical fertilizer levels along with biological fertilizers were significant on photosynthetic pigments and fruit performance per area. Comparison of means showed significant superiority of combination of biological and chemical fertilizers compared to separate application of these fertilizers. The highest concentration of chlorophyll a (30.66 mg/gr.fw) and leaf carotenoids (8.91 mg/gr.fw) were obtained in F3 and F4 treatments, respectively. The highest fruit yield was obtained in F4 treatment, showing an increase of 25.33 percent compared to control treatment. The effects of fertilizer treatments were highly significant on production of carnitine, so that the lowest and highest content were obtained in F3 treatment (0.93 mg/gr.dw) and F7 treatment (3.42 mg/gr.dw), respectively. Results of this research showed that application of biological fertilizers including nitroxin and fertile phosphate 2 in combination with 75 and 50 percent of chemical fertilizer had a positive effect on improvement of physiological traits and fruit performance of Karela. Therefore, instead of continuous use of fertilizers, steps could be taken towards sustainable agriculture by optimizing the use of biological inputs.
A. Hassanzadeh; M. Heidari; H. Khoshghalb; H. Ghorbani Ghozhdi
Abstract
In order to study the effect of different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer and foliar application of boron on some physiological traits in karela plants (Momordica charantia L.), a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the Sharood University ...
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In order to study the effect of different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer and foliar application of boron on some physiological traits in karela plants (Momordica charantia L.), a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the Sharood University of Technology in 2013. The treatments consisted of three levels of nitrogen fertilizer: 75, 150 and 225 kg N.ha-1 (urea source) as the first factor and four foliar applications of boron including: 0, 1, 2 and 3 g per liter of boric acid as the second factor. The traits measured in this study included the length and diameter of fruit, fruit yield, chlorophyll "a","b", and carotenoids, the conent of sugar nitrate and nitrate reductase enzyme activity. The results showed that, nitrogen fertilizer except diameter of fruit had significant on all of attribute traits. Foliar application of boron in this study had significant effect on fruit yield, the content of chlorophyll "b" (P<0.05) in leaf, sugar and the amont of nitrate in leaf and fruit (P<0.01). Interaction between nitrogen fertilizer and foliar application of boron had significant effect on fruit yield and leaf nitrate content. The results showed that the highest fruit yield was obtained at 150 kg N.ha-1 and 2 g per liter of boron. In addition, the highest amount of nitrate in leaf and fruit tissues was obtained at 225 kg N. ha-1 treatment. Finally, 150 kg N. ha-1 fertilizer and 2 g per liter of boron was identified as the best treatment to obtain maximum yield and fruit quality.
M. Heidari; M. Mobasri Moghadam
Abstract
In order to study the effects of rate and time of nitrogen application on yield and yield components of karela (Momordica charantia L.), a field experiment as split plot design with three replications was conducted in 2011 at Research Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources of Sistan. The treatments ...
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In order to study the effects of rate and time of nitrogen application on yield and yield components of karela (Momordica charantia L.), a field experiment as split plot design with three replications was conducted in 2011 at Research Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources of Sistan. The treatments consisted of three levels of nitrogen fertilizer, obtained from urea source, at the rate of N1=75, N2=150 and N3=225 kg N.ha-1 as main plot, and three time application including: T1=1/2 at 3 and 4 leaves and 1/2 before flowering, T2= 1/2 at 3 and 4 leaves and 1/2 after fruit to start and T3=1/3 at 3 and 4 leaves, 1/3 before flowering and 1/3 after fruit to start were used as sub plot. Results showed that nitrogen application had significant effect on the yield and amount of biomass production (p < 0.01) in karela. By increasing nitrogen level from 75 to 225 kg N.ha-1, yield and biomass values increased. The amount of yield increased about 63.1%. Nitrogen treatment had positive and significant effect on yield components including plant height, number of lateral branches, number of fruits per plant, number of seeds per fruit, the length and diameter of fruit. Timing of nitrogen application had only significant effect on yield, the amount of biomass production, number of fruits per plant, length and diameter of fruit. The maximum yield of karela was obtained at T2 treatment.
