Improvement and breeding
E. Danaee; V. Abdossi
Abstract
Salinity is one of the most important abiotic environmental stresses which restricts the growth and production of plants. On the other hand, silicon (Si) is the second most abundant element in the soil and alleviates the biotic and abiotic stresses in the plants. For this purpose, a greenhouse experiment ...
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Salinity is one of the most important abiotic environmental stresses which restricts the growth and production of plants. On the other hand, silicon (Si) is the second most abundant element in the soil and alleviates the biotic and abiotic stresses in the plants. For this purpose, a greenhouse experiment was conducted as a factorial in a completely randomized statistical design with three replications to investigate the effects of silicon and nano-silicon (50 and 100 mg l-1) on some morphophysiological and phytochemical properties of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) under salinity stress at the different levels of sodium chloride (0, 50, and 100 mg l-1) in 2019. The results showed that the salinity stress significantly reduced the fresh and dry weight of aerial parts and root, and chlorophyll, total phenol, and protein contents. The activity of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase enzymes and essential oil percentage differed at the different salinity levels. The amount of proline also increased significantly due to the sodium chloride treatment of 100 mg l-1. The plants treatment with the different levels of silicon and nano-silicon reduced the negative effects of salinity stress on the evaluated indices. The nano-silicon treatment of 100 mg l-1 showed the highest inhibition of salinity stress effects on the growth indices, antioxidant enzymes activity, and essential oil percentage. Therefore, according to the results of this research, the foliar application of silicon and nano-silicon could be recommended to reduce the negative effects of salinity stress on peppermint.
A. Raisi; H. Aroiee; S.M. Nabavi Kalat; H. Nemati
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effects of medicinal plants (Thymus vulgaris L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Mentha piperita L.) with melon intercropping on pests control and fruit yield in melon, and to reduce the use of chemical pesticides, a factorial experiment was performed ...
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In order to evaluate the effects of medicinal plants (Thymus vulgaris L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Mentha piperita L.) with melon intercropping on pests control and fruit yield in melon, and to reduce the use of chemical pesticides, a factorial experiment was performed based on a completely block randomized design with three replications in 2017. Experimental factors included two melon cultivars ("Khatoni" and "Khaghani"), chemical control and four medicinal plant species (thyme, rosemary, lavender, and peppermint) that were cultivated as additive intercropping among melon bushes. The ANOVA results showed that the effects of cultivar on weevil (Acythopeus curviostris) population, number of healthy and damaged fruit and fruit weight, the effects of intercropping on weevil, whitefly and aphid population, number of healthy and damaged fruit and fruit weight, and the interaction effects of two factors on weevil and aphid population and number of healthy and damaged fruit were significant at 5% probability level. Based on the results of the experiment, chemical control had the greatest effect on pest population control in both melon cultivars. Among the intercropping treatments, peppermint had the greatest effect in reducing the weevil population in both melon cultivars. Moreover, intercropping of "Khatoni" with peppermint and "Khaghani" with peppermint, lavender, and rosemary had positive effects on reducing the aphid population. However, intercropping of both melon cultivars with all four medicinal plant species had no effect on whitefly population control. Based on the results of this study, and in order to keep the sustainability of crop ecosystems, intercropping of melon with some medicinal plants such as peppermint can be considered to reduce the population of some pests on melon.
M. Parsa; R. Kamaei; B. Yousefi
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of different irrigation regimes and different fertilizer compositions on the yield indices and elements in peppermint (Mentha piperita L.), a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications at the research greenhouse of ...
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In order to investigate the effects of different irrigation regimes and different fertilizer compositions on the yield indices and elements in peppermint (Mentha piperita L.), a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications at the research greenhouse of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, during the growing season 2017-2018. Factors were consisted of irrigation regime at three levels including 100% FC, 75% FC and 50% FC, and fertilizer at five levels including 1-chemical fertilizer (NPK)+bacterial biofertilizer (NPP), 2- NPP, 3-NPK, 4-micronutrient fertilizer (MIC), 5-MIC + amino acid fertilizer (AP). In this experiment, dry weight, plant height, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, protein, SPAD number, essential oil content and yield were measured. The results of analysis of variance showed that irrigation regimes and different fertilizers had significant effects on dry weight, nitrogen, phosphorus, protein and essential oil content at 1% level and on SPAD number at 5% level. The highest dry weight (14.56 g) and phosphorus (0.43%) were observed in 100% FC treatment and the highest nitrogen (2.001%), protein (12.51%), SPAD number (45.3) and potassium (1.66%) were obtained in NPK+NPP fertilizer. Also, the highest essential oil content (1.64%) was measured in 50% FC treatment. The results of this study showed that under severe drought conditions, utilization of bacterial and chemical fertilizers combinations make growth and physiological characteristics of peppermint less affected by drought stress.
M. Mohammadi; N. Majnoun Hosseini; M. Dashtaki
Abstract
This research was aimed to evaluate the impact of nano-ferric oxide and zinc sulfate on leaf pigments and elements of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) in field conditions. The study was conducted in a factorial experiment based on RCBD with three replicates at the research farm of University of Tehran ...
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This research was aimed to evaluate the impact of nano-ferric oxide and zinc sulfate on leaf pigments and elements of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) in field conditions. The study was conducted in a factorial experiment based on RCBD with three replicates at the research farm of University of Tehran (Karaj-Iran) in 2013. Nano-ferric oxide at four levels (including 0, 0.25, 0.5, & 0.75 g.L-1) and zinc sulfate at three levels (+0, 25 & 50 kg.ha-1) were used. The pigment traits such as anthocyanin, flavonoid (at 270 nm wavelength), total leaf chlorophyll, and elements (Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn & P) were examined. The results showed that nano-ferric oxideand zinc sulfate had significant effect on leaf flavonoid and total leaf chlorophyll; however, the study fertilizers had no significant effect on leaf anthocyanin. Similarly, the interaction effects of nano-ferric oxideand zinc sulfate were significant on all peppermint traits (P<0.05), except leaf anthocyanin content. The highest and lowest rate of leaf iron content were obtained at 0.25 and 0.75 g.L-1 nano-ferric oxide, respectively, showing that application of nano-ferric oxideincreased the leaf iron and chlorophyll content. Totally, the results indicated that leaf pigment variations of peppermint could be optimized through foliar application of zinc sulfate (25 kg.ha-1) and nano-ferric oxide (0.75 g.L-1) fertilizers.
B. Poursina; P. Soleimani Roudi; M. Sedghi; A. Taibipour
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dry peppermint (Mentha piperita L.), thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and especially chicory (Chicorium intybus L.) leaves on performance and intestinal morphology of broilers using 360 one-day old chicks, in a completely randomized design with three treatments, ...
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dry peppermint (Mentha piperita L.), thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and especially chicory (Chicorium intybus L.) leaves on performance and intestinal morphology of broilers using 360 one-day old chicks, in a completely randomized design with three treatments, three replicates and 40 chickens in each replicate (20 male and 20 female). Treatments were arranged in: control group, 3Kg of chicory for treatment 2 and 1Kg of peppermint+1Kg of thyme+1Kg of chicory for treatment 3. The entire experimental period was divided into three phases; 1-10 days, 11-24 days and 25-42 days. Weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were evaluated. On 42th day, to assess the effects of treatments on villus length, crypt depth and the ratio of the villus height to the crypt depth in Jejunum and ileum, 6 birds from each treatment were slaughtered. Results indicated that the addition of these herbal plants, significantly increased body weight gain, feed consumption and improved feed conversion ratio (p<0.05). The maximum body weight gain and the best feed conversion ratio were related to the chicory treatment and the most of feed consumption was related to the third treatment (p<0.05). The morphological measurements of the jejunum, ileum and the ratio of the villus height to the crypt depth showed no response to dietary inclusion of these plants as compared with the control diet (p>0.05). In conclusion, the results from the current study suggest that feeding peppermint, thyme and especially chicory increases the growth performance and had no effect on intestinal morphology of broiler chickens.
H. Zeinali; H. Hosseini; M.H. Shirzadi
Abstract
Mint (Mentha piperita L.), belonging to Labiatae family, is one of the most important plants, which is used widely in terms of pharmaceutical, food and health. Essential oils and compounds are important components of the plant and are severely affected by agricultural agents. In this study, the effects ...
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Mint (Mentha piperita L.), belonging to Labiatae family, is one of the most important plants, which is used widely in terms of pharmaceutical, food and health. Essential oils and compounds are important components of the plant and are severely affected by agricultural agents. In this study, the effects of nitrogen fertilizer and harvesting time on yield and yield components, essential oil and menthol were studied. A split-plot design with three replications was used. The measured traits included leaf length, leaf width, plant height, fresh weight per square meter in the first and second harvest, fresh weight of 100 leaves, essential and oil menthol of the first second harvest, shoot yield and essential oil yield per hectare. Variance analysis results showed that different levels of nitrogen and harvesting time had a significant effect on all traits except for leaf length. The interaction of nitrogen and harvesting time showed a significant difference for all traits except leaf length and width. Mean comparison of traits showed that the plant height, fresh weight per square meter, fresh weight of 100 leaves, essential oil of the first harvest, menthol of the first and second harvest, shoot yield per hectare and essential oil yield increased with increasing of nitrogen intake. Mean comparison of different harvesting times showed that the highest shoot yield and essential oil yield were obtained at budding stage. The interaction between different levels of nitrogen fertilizer and harvesting time also showed that the highest shoot yield per hectare was obtained by the application of 200 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer per hectare at budding stage. The highest amount of menthol was obtained at consumption level of 300 kg nitrogen fertilizer per hectare and at 50 % flowering. In addition, according to the obtained results, essential oil percentage of the second harvests showed a significant decreasing trend. Overall, results showed that the highest fresh yield per hectare and essential oil were obtained at budding stage and consumption level of 200 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer.
