Agriculture and horticulture
R. Ahmadi; S. Maleki Farahani
Abstract
To investigate the effects of sowing date and nitrogen fertilizer on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics and nitrogen efficiency in Lallemantiaiberica (M.Bieb.) Fisch. & C.A.Mey. and Lallemantiaroyleana (Benth.) Benth., an experiment was conducted as a factorial split plot in a randomized ...
Read More
To investigate the effects of sowing date and nitrogen fertilizer on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics and nitrogen efficiency in Lallemantiaiberica (M.Bieb.) Fisch. & C.A.Mey. and Lallemantiaroyleana (Benth.) Benth., an experiment was conducted as a factorial split plot in a randomized complete block design at the Faculty of Agriculture, Shahed University. The treatments included the sowing date as the main plot at two levels of autumn and spring sowing, and the nitrogen fertilizer at three levels of 0, 50 (8 kg ha-1), and 100%(16 kg ha-1) and two Lallemantia species as the subplots. The results of analysis of variance showed the significance of the effects of sowing date, nitrogen fertilizer, plant species, and the interaction of all three treatments on grain yield, 1000-grain weight, harvest index, leaf area index, leaf chlorophyll content, seed protein, nitrogen, and mucilage content, and nitrogen uptake, use, and utilization efficiencies. The autumn sowing in comparison with the spring one had the most positive and incremental effect on the studied traits except seed nitrogen. The results showed that the application of 16 kg ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer on both sowing dates increased the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of both Lallemantia species compared to the non-fertilizer application conditions. Increasing the use of nitrogen fertilizer compared to the non-fertilizer application conditions increased the nitrogen uptake and use efficiencies in the autumn and spring sowing dates in both Lallemantia species. Increasing the use of nitrogen fertilizer in the autumn sowing increased the nitrogen use efficiency in both Lallemantia species, but in the spring sowing, the nitrogen use efficiency was higher under the non-fertilizer application conditions compared to the different levels of nitrogen fertilizer application. L.iberica showed a more positive reaction to the nitrogen fertilizer application compared to L.royleana.
R. Rezaei; S.A.R. Valadabadi; A.H. Shirani Rad; S. Sayfzadeh; E. Hadidi Masouleh
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of biological fertilizers application and various amounts of urea fertilizers under the water stress conditions on yield, nitrogen use efficiency, and effective ingredients of Calendula officinalis L., an experiment was implemented during the two cultivation years ...
Read More
In order to investigate the effects of biological fertilizers application and various amounts of urea fertilizers under the water stress conditions on yield, nitrogen use efficiency, and effective ingredients of Calendula officinalis L., an experiment was implemented during the two cultivation years of 2015-2106 and 2016-2017. The study was conducted at the research farm of Islamic Azad University, Varamin-Pishva Branch. The experiment was performed in three replications as a split-split plot in a completely randomized blocks design. The experimental treatments included two levels of water stress as (the main factor): the absence of water stress (control) and irrigation cut off at the budding stage, as well as, four levels of biological fertilizers (as sub-factor) (no use), the application of Azotobacter (Chroococum), the application of Azospirillum (Brasilense), and combined application of Azotobacter and Azospirillum. Urea fertilizer sources were also classified (sub-factor) in four levels including no use (control), recommended amount of sulfur coated urea fertilizer (175 kg/ha of recommended amount of fertilizer), 75% of recommended amount of sulfur coated urea fertilizer (131 kg/ha), and the recommended amount of urea fertilizer without coating at 175 kg/ha. The results showed that irrigation cut off at budding stage resulted in reduced flower yield, biological yield, the amount of nitrogen, nitrogen use efficiency (crop efficiency), and nitrogen uptake efficiency. However, it resulted in the increased nitrogen use efficiency, α-cadinol, and morolol. In addition, in both years of experiment, the combined use of Azotobacter and Azospirillum, along with the recommended amount of sulfur coated urea fertilizer resulted in the increased content of α-cadinol. The highest nitrogen use efficiency was achieved under non-water stress conditions and the combined use of bio-fertilizer (Azotobacter and Azospirillum) and the use of 75% of the recommended amount of sulfur coated urea fertilizer. In the second year, the lack of water stress and the combined use of bio-fertilizer (Azotobacter and Azospirillum) and the recommended amount of sulfur coated urea fertilizer also resulted in a significant reduction in nitrogen use efficiency. In the first and second years, the lack of water stress and the combined use of Azotobacter and Azospirillum and the recommended amount of sulfur coated urea fertilizer resulted in increased flower yield and biological yield.
S. Dastborhan; S. Zehtab-Salmasi; S. Nasrollahzadeh; A.R. Tavassoli
Abstract
In order to study the effects of biofertilizers and different amount of nitrogen fertilizer on flower yield, essential oil and nitrogen use efficiency in German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.), a factorial experiment based on the randomized complete block design with three replications was performed ...
Read More
In order to study the effects of biofertilizers and different amount of nitrogen fertilizer on flower yield, essential oil and nitrogen use efficiency in German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.), a factorial experiment based on the randomized complete block design with three replications was performed in 2008 at the agricultural research farm of the University of Tabriz. Experimental factors were: inoculation with bacteria (B0: no-inoculation, B1: inoculation with Azotobacter chroococcum, B2: inoculation with Azospirillum lipoferum and B3: inoculation with a mixture of two bacteria) and nitrogen fertilizer (N0: 0, N1: 50, N2: 100 and N3: 150 kg N/ha). The results showed that application of different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased flower yield and essential oil when compared with control. However, there were no significant differences among application of 50, 100 and 150 kgN/ha. Although flower yield and essential oil of the plants inoculated with bacteria were higher than that of control treatment (B0), these differences were not significant. Combination of inoculation with bacteria and nitrogen fertilizer was significant. Following the inoculation with Azotobacter, mean essential oil percentage significantly decreased with increasing use of nitrogen fertilizer while in other levels of inoculation, different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer had no significant effects on mean essential oil percentage. In all inoculation levels, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) declined with increasing amounts of nitrogen fertilizer. Nitrogen use efficiency increased in response to inoculation with bacteria (except inoculation with Azotobacter and application of 50 kg N/ha) compared to the control treatment. According to the results, application of 50 kg N/ha and inoculation with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, leads to optimal performance and the highest NUE in German chamomile.
