M.R. Haj Seyed Hadi; H. Rezaee Ghale
Abstract
To study the effects of vermicompost and foliar application of amino acids and urea on quantity and quality of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.), an experiment was conducted at RAN Field Research Station in Firouzkuh, Iran in 2012. The factors were vermicompost (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12t/ha) and foliar spraying ...
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To study the effects of vermicompost and foliar application of amino acids and urea on quantity and quality of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.), an experiment was conducted at RAN Field Research Station in Firouzkuh, Iran in 2012. The factors were vermicompost (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12t/ha) and foliar spraying (non-spraying or control, amino acid and urea spraying). The experimental design was factorial based on a randomized complete blocks design with 15 treatments and three replications. Results showed that the highest plant height (35.27cm), flower number per plant (181.75), and dry flower yield (2053.7kg/ha) were obtained by urea foliar application. While, the highest essential oil (0.59%), and chamazulene (7.13%), essential oil yield (11.98kg/ha) and chamazulen yield (854.17g/ha) were obtained by amino acid spraying on the plants. The application of vermicompost at a rate of 12 t ha-1 could increase all measured traits significantly. The results of interaction effects showed that the application of vermicompost at a rate of 12 t ha-1 and foliar application of amino acid had positive and significant effects on dry flower yield and chamazulen yield.
M.A. Kohanmoo; M. Aghaalikhani; F. Rejali
Abstract
This research was aimed to investigate the yield and quality response of two endemic chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) ecotypes from Bushehr and a commercial ecotype from Esfahan to biofertilizers, a field experiment was conducted during two growing seasons of 2008 and 2009 at the research farm of ...
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This research was aimed to investigate the yield and quality response of two endemic chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) ecotypes from Bushehr and a commercial ecotype from Esfahan to biofertilizers, a field experiment was conducted during two growing seasons of 2008 and 2009 at the research farm of Persian Gulf University (Boushehr campus). The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete blocks design in a factorial arrangement with three replications. Treatments consisted of chamomile ecotypes, mycorrhisal inoculationfection (with and without) and amount of micro-biophosphate fertilizer (0, 30 and 60kg.ha-1). Morphological traits and flower yield were evaluated from the flowering period onwards and trhen the essential oil concentration, Chamazulene and Apigenine 7-glycoside percentage were measured. Also, after final harvest, nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium content of chamomile plant and soil were investigated. Result showed that except of the main effect of ecotypes, the other main and interaction effects on the measured traits were insignificant. The flower dry weight of Bushehr ecotypes (1 and 2) was %34 more than that of Esfahan ecotype in 1st year. However, in 2nd year, Boushehr2 had the highest dry flower yield (1132.66 kgha-1) followed by Boushehr1 and Esfahan ecotypes with 12.4 and 48.8 percent loss, respectively. In both years of experiment, Esfahan ecotype produced more chamazulene in essential oil and Boushehr ecotypes were superior treatments for Apigenine 7-glycoside in dried flower (p≤0.05). Although our finding revealed no significant effect of biofertilizers on all measured traits, a dry flower yield of 800-1000 kgha-1, 3 kg ha-1 essential oil, high percentage of chamazulene in essential oil (15-16% for Esfahan and 5-7% for Boushehr ecotypes), and considerable amount of Apigenine 7-glycoside in dried flower (10-12.7 kgha-1) demonstrated the high potential yield of chamomile using biofertilizers under field condition. Therefore, since chamomile showed a proper and vast ecological adaptation to the cultural conditions in Boushehr region, it could be introduced to the low input agricultural systems as a reliable part of local crop rotations.
A. Salehi; A. Ghalavand; F. Sefidkon; A. Asgharzade
Abstract
In order to study the effects of zeolite, bio and organic fertilizers on N, P, K concentration, essential oil content and yield in organic cultivation of German Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla), a factorial experiment in randomized complete blocks design with twelve treatments and three replications ...
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In order to study the effects of zeolite, bio and organic fertilizers on N, P, K concentration, essential oil content and yield in organic cultivation of German Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla), a factorial experiment in randomized complete blocks design with twelve treatments and three replications was conducted in the faculty of agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, 2005. The factors were PGPR inoculums (inoculated and no inoculated), zeolite (0 and 9 tons/ha) and vermicompost (0, 5, 10 tons/ha). Results showed that the highest concentration of N, P and K in plant, essential oil content and yield were obtained with PGPR inoculums. Zeolite also showed significant effects on the mentioned traits except P concentration. With application of zeolite 9 ton/ha, essential oil content, essential oil yield, N and K concentration were increased. Essential oil content, essential oil yield, N, P and K concentration were also increased with increasing of vermicompost levels as the highest values were obtained with application of 10 ton/ha vermicompost. There was positive and synergistic interaction between PGPR inoculums and vermicompost on N concentration as the highest and lowest N concentration percentage in herb were obtained in treatments of V3B2 (1.48) and V1B1 (1.12), respectively. According to the results, it appears that application of 10 tons vermicompost, inoculation with PGPR and 9 tons zeolite was the best treatment in production of German chamomile essential oil yield in organic system.
E. Arazmjo; M. Heidari; A. Ghanbari
Abstract
In order to study the effects of water stress and three sources of fertilizers on flower yield, physiological parameters (chlorophyll a and b, proline and carbohydrate concentration), sodium and potassium in Chamomile (Matricaria chamomoilla L.) a field experiment in split plot design with three replications ...
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In order to study the effects of water stress and three sources of fertilizers on flower yield, physiological parameters (chlorophyll a and b, proline and carbohydrate concentration), sodium and potassium in Chamomile (Matricaria chamomoilla L.) a field experiment in split plot design with three replications was conducted in 2008 at Zabol University. Treatments included W1 (90% FC or Control), W2 (75% FC) and W3 (50% FC) as main plot and three sources of fertilizers: F1 (Control or non fertilizer application), F2 (chemical fertilizer), F3 (manure fertilizer) and F4 (compost) as sub plots. Results showed water stress at W3 treatment, reduced dry flower yield about 18.1%. In this study, however the highest flower yield was obtained from W1 and use of chemical fertilizer treatments but at W3 treatment, among the fertilizer, manure fertilizer had the best effect on flower yield in Chamomile. Water stress increased the activity of substance but the highest active substance was obtained in W2 and use of chemical fertilizer. In this experiment, chlorophyll a and b and K contents in leaves by impact of water stress decreased but free proline, total soluble carbohydrate concentration and sodium were increased under water stress. Use of manure fertilizer had the highest positive effects on physiological parameters and potassium uptake under water stress in chamomile.
