Improvement and breeding
M. Edalateyan Kharazi; A. Asgharzadeh
Abstract
To investigate the effects of drought stress, salicylic acid, and polyamines on plant growth yield and oil and seeds essential oil content in Nigella sativa L., a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications in the research greenhouse of Shirvan Azad University ...
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To investigate the effects of drought stress, salicylic acid, and polyamines on plant growth yield and oil and seeds essential oil content in Nigella sativa L., a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications in the research greenhouse of Shirvan Azad University in 2020-21 cropping year. The experimental treatments included drought stress at four levels (25, 50, 75, and 100% of field capacity) as the first factor and foliar application of salicylic acid, putrescine, and spermidine each at two levels (0.5 and 1 mM) as the second factor. The results showed that the highest number of fertile capsules per plant (12.66), number of seeds per capsule (96.24), and harvest index (58.69%) were obtained in the 100% of field capacity treatment. Also, the highest seed yield per pot was obtained in the 100% of field capacity treatment (16.05 g) and 1 mM salicylic acid (11.46 g). On the other hand, the highest plant height (62.5 cm), dry weight of single plant (6.44 g), biomass in pot (32.2 g), oil content (31.21%), and oil yield (5.71 g.pot-1) were obtained in the treatment of 100% of field capacity + 1 mM salicylic acid and also, the highest essential oil content (0.09%) was obtained in the treatment of 25% of field capacity + 1 mM salicylic acid. Overall, the results showed that full irrigation (100% of field capacity) + 1 mM salicylic acid foliar application was the best treatment for N. sativa under greenhouse conditions. In general, the plant growth characteristics decreased with increasing stress severity, but the negative effects of drought stress were moderated with increasing the salicylic acid foliar application.
Agriculture and horticulture
S. Alipour
Abstract
To investigate the effects of vermicompost and phosphate biofertilizer Barvar-2 on quantitative and qualitative yield of Silybum marianum L., a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in a field near Ardebil city in 2018-2019 crop year. Vermicompost ...
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To investigate the effects of vermicompost and phosphate biofertilizer Barvar-2 on quantitative and qualitative yield of Silybum marianum L., a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in a field near Ardebil city in 2018-2019 crop year. Vermicompost was used at five levels (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 ton.ha-1) and biofertilizer at two levels (inoculation and non-inoculation). The results showed that seed yield, 1000-seed weight, number of seeds per capitule, number of capitules per plant, biological yield, oil yield, silymarin yield, and flower fresh weight were significantly affected by different levels of vermicompost. Also, the application of phosphate biofertilizer Barvar-2 had a significant effect on all traits except inflorescence diameter. The highest amount of traits in the vermicompost treatment was obtained in the application of 40 tons.ha-1. However, there was no statistically significant difference for the traits including number of seeds per capitule, oil, silymarin, and silybin percentage, oil yield, and number of inflorescences in the application of 40 and 30 tons vermicompost per hectare. In biofertilizer treatment, the highest amount of traits was observed in inoculation with this fertilizer. The highest silybin percentage (16.81) and silymarin yield (37.61 kg.ha-1) were obtained in the application of 40 tons vermicompost per hectare and the lowest one (16.12% and 30.56 kg.ha-1, respectively) at the control level of vermicompost.
F Kashkooli; A. Abdali Mshhadi; M.H. Gharineh; A. Lotfi Jalal Abadi; A. Zareei Siahbidi
Abstract
Medical pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L. var. Styriaca) contains valuable edible oils and compounds that are used to prevent and treat prostate cancer. To evaluate the effects of vermicompost (no application, 5, and 10 t ha-1) as the main factor, biological nitrogen (no application and application of Barvar ...
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Medical pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L. var. Styriaca) contains valuable edible oils and compounds that are used to prevent and treat prostate cancer. To evaluate the effects of vermicompost (no application, 5, and 10 t ha-1) as the main factor, biological nitrogen (no application and application of Barvar 1), and biological phosphorus (no application and application of Barvar 2) as sub-factors on the yield and yield components of medical pumpkin, an experiment was conducted as a split-factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in Islam Abad-e-Gharb, Kermanshah province, in 2015. Studied traits included male to female flower ratio, number of fruits plant-1, number of seeds fruit-1, average dry fruit yield, stem length, number of days to flowering, seed yield, and seed oil yield and percentage. Vermicompost had a significant effect on the number of seeds fruit-1, dry fruit yield, and flowering date. The highest oil yield (30 kg ha-1) was obtained from the combination of bio-phosphorus application and non-application of vermicompost treatments, and the highest seed yield (195 kg ha-1) was obtained from the combination of bio-nitrogen, non-application of bio-phosphorus, and non-application of vermicompost treatments. A combination of non-application of bio-phosphorus and bio-nitrogen and application of 5 t ha-1 vermicompost treatments resulted in the least male to female flower ratio (39); however, the highest one (66) was obtained in the combination of non-application of bio-nitrogen, application of bio-phosphorus, and 10 t ha-1 vermicompost. In general, the highest seed and oil yield was obtained from a single application of bio-nitrogen and bio-phosphorus fertilizers, respectively.
A. Nasrollahi; I. Alahdadi; M. Ghorbani Javid; M.S. Hoseinifard
Abstract
linoleic acid, oleic acid, planting date, seed filling stage, oil yield. fatty acid composition of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo convar. pepo var. styriaca), a split plot experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications during 2013-2014. Three planting dates (21 April, ...
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linoleic acid, oleic acid, planting date, seed filling stage, oil yield. fatty acid composition of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo convar. pepo var. styriaca), a split plot experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications during 2013-2014. Three planting dates (21 April, 22 May, 22 June) as the main factor and application of methanol (30% V/V) in four levels (control, pre-production phase, post-production phase, seed filling stage) were studied as the sub factor. Results showed that the interaction effect of planting date and application of methanol on seed yield in fruit, seed dry weight, 1000-seed weight, fruit yield, oil percentage and fatty acids compositions were significant at 1% probability level. The highest seed yield, seed dry weight, fruit yield, and oil content were obtained in the methanol foliar application in the pre-production phase in June 22. The highest 1000-seed weight (1155.6 g) was belonged to the methanol foliar application in the post-production phase in June 22. The foliar application treatments in seed filling stage in June 22 and control treatment also in May 22 showed the highest amount of oleic acid. The highest amount of linoleic (43.36%), linolenic (1.86%), and palmitic (21.20%) acids was obtained under methanol foliar application in the post-production phase in May 22, June 22 and April 21, respectively. The control treatment showed the highest amount of stearic acid (11.5٪) in the first planting date (April 21). Finally, the planting date of medicinal pumpkin in June 22 with foliar application of methanol in the pre-production phase in order to increasing of yield, and foliar application in the post-production phase to improve the qualitative traits of oil are recommended.
H. Hasanvand; S.A. Siadat; A.M. Bakhshandeh; M.R. Moradi Telavat; A. Poshtdar
Abstract
In order to study the yield and some physiological characteristics of borage (Borago officinalis L.) under different plant densities and sowing dates in Ahwaz city, an experiment was carried out in a split plot arrangement based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Khuzestan ...
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In order to study the yield and some physiological characteristics of borage (Borago officinalis L.) under different plant densities and sowing dates in Ahwaz city, an experiment was carried out in a split plot arrangement based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Khuzestan Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University, Iran during 2016-2017. The treatments included sowing date as main plot in five levels (15 October, 5 November, 25 November, 15 December and 5 January) and plant densities as sub-factor in four levels (6, 10, 14 and 18 plant per m2) were considered. The results showed that delayed sowing (5 January) caused anincreased temperature at flowering stage and significantly reduced the grain yield and biological yield (182.22 and 1443.4 kg ha-1, respectively). The sowing dates of 5 November at a density of 10 plants/m2 caused the highest grain yield and oil yield with average values of 1243.82 and 437.47 kg ha-1, respectively. The sowing date of 15 October at a density of 14 plants/m2 caused the highest chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll content with average values of 1.13 and 3.39 mg/g fw, respectively. A delay in sowing date from 15 October to 5 January led to a decreased relative leaf water content, cell membrane stability and chlorophyll content. High plant density per m-2 increased the plant height and biological yield and reduced the oil percentage. Sowing date had significant effects on all traits expect oil percentage.
A. Kayhani; F. Sefidkon; A. Monfared
Abstract
Plant essential oils are used in a wide range of pharmaceutical, food, cosmetics and hygienic products. Satureja sahendica Bornm is an endemic aromatic plant in Iran. In traditional medicine, it has analgesic and anti-infection properties. Savory is used for treatment of chest discomfort, cough, wasting ...
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Plant essential oils are used in a wide range of pharmaceutical, food, cosmetics and hygienic products. Satureja sahendica Bornm is an endemic aromatic plant in Iran. In traditional medicine, it has analgesic and anti-infection properties. Savory is used for treatment of chest discomfort, cough, wasting and rheumatic pain. Previous researches showed that the main compounds of Satureja Sahendica essential oil were ρ-cymene, thymol, carvacrol and γ-terpinene. Since different drying and distillation methods affect oil yield and composition of aromatic plants, in this study, to investigate the effect of drying methods, the aerial parts of Satureja Sahendica were collected from Agricultural Research farm in Qazvin, at full flowering stage. The plant materials were dried by different methods (oven 30°C, oven 40°C, oven 50°C and shade). The essential oils of each treatment were obtained by hydro- distillation in three replicates. The oils were analyzed by capillary GC and GC/MS. Oil yield and the percentage of main components were compared statistically by Duncan's Multiple Range Test in SAS software. Results showed that oil yields, percentage of thymol and total phenolic compounds in essential oils were not different statistically in oven 30°C , oven 40°C and shade, but drying in oven 50°C produced lower oil yield. The percentage of thymol and total phenolic compounds was higher in oven 50°C. Statistical analysis showed that the oil yield obtained from hydro-distillation method (1/45%) was higher than that of the other two methods (at 1% level), while the highest values of thymol and carvacrol were obtained by steam distillation (at 5% level).
N. Rahmani; S.A. Valadabadi; J. Daneshian; M. Bigdeli
Volume 24, Issue 1 , May 2008, , Pages 101-108
Abstract
In order to study the effect of water deficit stress and nitrogen on oil yield of Calendula (Calendula officinalis L.), an experiment was conducted at research field of Islamic Azad University of Takestan branch in 2006. Field experiment was carried out as split plot design with 4 replications. Water ...
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In order to study the effect of water deficit stress and nitrogen on oil yield of Calendula (Calendula officinalis L.), an experiment was conducted at research field of Islamic Azad University of Takestan branch in 2006. Field experiment was carried out as split plot design with 4 replications. Water deficit stress set as main factor with three levels (Irrigation after 40, 80 and 120 mm evaporation from pan class A) and Nitrogen level was 0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha-1. The results showed that water deficit stress had significant effect on oil yield, seed yield, oil percent, seed weight, seed per capitulum and capitulum diameter (α=1%). Means comparison showed that irrigation with 40 mm evaporation had and the highest oil yield and seed yield with 505.3 kg ha-1 and 3044 kg ha-1 and highest oil percent with 24.15% was achieved under irrigation with 120 mm evaporation. Moreover nitrogen had significant effect on oil yield, seed yield, oil percent, seed weight, seed per capitulum and capitulum diameter (α=1%). Means comparison showed that highest oil yield and seed yield with 377.4 kg ha-1and 1998 kg were achieved under application of 90 kg ha-1 nitrogen and the highest oil percentage with 22.16% was achieved under application of 60 kg ha-1 nitrogen. The results showed that water deficit stress and 60 kg ha-1 nitrogen increased oil percent, while oil yield of calendula decreased in this condition.
