Biotechnology
S.M. Mostafavi; M.R. Abdollahi; D. Dastan; H. Sarikhani
Abstract
Caper (Capparis spinosa L.) is a rich source of rutin, plays an essential role in human health. In the present study, the effects of cold (25°C as control, 4°C, and 7°C for 2, 4, and 7 days), heat (25°C as control, 30°C for 14 days, 32°C for 2 and 4 days, and 35°C for 8 hours), ...
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Caper (Capparis spinosa L.) is a rich source of rutin, plays an essential role in human health. In the present study, the effects of cold (25°C as control, 4°C, and 7°C for 2, 4, and 7 days), heat (25°C as control, 30°C for 14 days, 32°C for 2 and 4 days, and 35°C for 8 hours), and carbohydrate treatments on the androgenesis efficiency were studied in the anther culture of caper. Also, the effects of maltose and sucrose at the concentrations of 30 and 60 g L-1 in combination with two temperature treatments (1- 30°C for 14 days and 2- 7°C for 7 days + azacytidine and 2,4-D pretreatments) on the androgenesis induction was evaluated. The temperature and carbohydrate treatments showed statistically significant differences (p < /em>≤0.01) in terms of callus and embryo formation. The 7°C for 2, 4, and 7 days produced the highest percentage (at the third week: 80, 78.34, and 76.67%, respectively) and callogenesis speed (7.85, 7.75, and 7.60 calli week-1, respectively) and the 7°C for 7 days produced the highest embryo production (0.57 embryo anther-1). The 30°C for 14 days treatment showed the highest percentage (at the third week: 100%) and callogenesis speed (9.44 calli week-1). While the 32°C for 2 and 3 days and also 30°C for 14 days produced the highest number of embryos per anther (0.22, 0.20, and 0.18 embryo, respectively). The use of 30 g L-1 maltose in combination with the 30°C for 14 days produced the highest percentage (at the third week: 91.66%) and callogenesis speed (8.94 calli week-1), while the 30 g L-1 maltose in combination with the 7°C for 7 days + azacytidine and 2,4-D pretreatments produced the highest mean embryo number per anther (0.55 embryo). The results of this research are of great importance for the use in the caper breeding programs.
K. Mahdavi Mashaki; A. Moieni; M. Jalali Javaran
Abstract
Rose is known as the queen of flowers. Rosa damask (Rosa damascena Mill.) is utilized as a main source of rose oil and rose water in Iran. Biotechnology methods are considered as a fast and efficient way to produce haploid plants and pure lines. Among the different methods, androgenesis is considered ...
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Rose is known as the queen of flowers. Rosa damask (Rosa damascena Mill.) is utilized as a main source of rose oil and rose water in Iran. Biotechnology methods are considered as a fast and efficient way to produce haploid plants and pure lines. Among the different methods, androgenesis is considered as the most effective procedure, due to its high quantity of microspores in the anthers. In the present study, the effect of medium composition was evaluated on anther culture in two ecotypes of Damask rose, and miniature rose. The results showed that the interaction between H1 medium and mid-uninucleate stage produced the highest callogenesis in Damask rose, Kashan ecotype. Furthermore, the results showed that removing ammonium nitrate and doubling potassium nitrate in the medium produced higher callogenesis. In miniature rose, the medium containing calcium chloride and calcium nitrate produced higher callogenesis. Also, the amino acids improved callogenesis in anther culture of Damask rose, and miniature rose. Moreover, glycine, glutamine and casein hydrolysate were more effective than other studied amino acids. Sucrose was a better sugar compared to sorbitol for callogenesis in the studied genotypes. The chromosome counting and flowcytometery results illustrated that the produced calli were tetraploid (28 chromosomes).