Phytochemistry (extraction, identification and measurement of active components)
S.M.R. Habibian; P. Sorbi Akbari; V. Rowshan
Abstract
Teucrium polium L. belongs to the fam. Lamiaceae and grows mostly in the barren, rocky, and sandy areas of various parts of Europe, the Mediterranean, North Africa, and southwest Asia including Iran. It has various therapeutic properties such as analgesic, antipyretic, antioxidant, and antihypertensive. ...
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Teucrium polium L. belongs to the fam. Lamiaceae and grows mostly in the barren, rocky, and sandy areas of various parts of Europe, the Mediterranean, North Africa, and southwest Asia including Iran. It has various therapeutic properties such as analgesic, antipyretic, antioxidant, and antihypertensive. These healing properties are due to the presence of various chemical compounds in the essential oil. Plant harvest at the different phenological stages has a great impact on the amount of essential oil compounds of this species. This study was conducted to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative changes of T. polium essential oil (EO) during the growing season in Cheshmeh-e-Anjir rangelands of Fars province and at three phenological stages (vegetative peak, beginning of flowering, and flowering peak) in a completely randomized block design in 2017. The EOs were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The results of this study showed that the main EO constituents were caryophyllene oxide (12.1%), α-pinene (11.8%), germacrene D (9.1%), myrcene (8.5%), limonene (7.2%), β-pinene (6.7%), bicyclogermacrene (6.6%), E-caryophyllene (4.6%), and α-bisabolol oxide B (3.4%) at the vegetative peak stage with the EO percentage of 0.9%, germacrene A (26.6%), bicyclogermacrene (18.3%), (E)-β-ocimene (8.9%), myrcene (7.8%), spathulenol (6.0%), limonene (5.3%), α-pinene (3.6%), and β-pinene (2.6%) at the begining of flowering with the EO percentage of 0.3%, and α-pinene (25.8%), myrcene (12.5%), germacrene D (11.8%), β-pinene (11.7%), limonene (8.5%), spathulenol (4.6%), and bicyclogermacrene (7.2%) at the flowering peak with the EO percentage of 0.2%.
A. Baghizadeh; M. Moghaddari; Gh. Bakhshi Khaniki
Abstract
Teucrium polium L. is an herbaceous, perennial and hyperbranched plant. Teucrium polium grows in different parts of Europe and the Middle East, such as Iran. In order to determination of genetic diversity of Teucrium Polium gemlplasm in Kerman province, 15 genotypes were collected. The DNA was extracted ...
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Teucrium polium L. is an herbaceous, perennial and hyperbranched plant. Teucrium polium grows in different parts of Europe and the Middle East, such as Iran. In order to determination of genetic diversity of Teucrium Polium gemlplasm in Kerman province, 15 genotypes were collected. The DNA was extracted using CTAB method. Fifteen RAPD primers were used for PCR. The electrophoresis results were analyzed using NTSYS software applying UPGMA method with Dice coefficient. To assess the phyto-chemical diversity of Teucrium polium germplasm, the essential oil of seven genotypes of Teucrium Polium was prepared by hydro distillation. The identification and analysis of essential oil composition was done by GC/MS with calculation and study of retention indices and mass spectrometry. Cluster analysis was done for the results of GC/MS by SPSS12 software. After electrophoresis of PCR products, 182 bands were found in the range of 230 to 2300 bp. A number of 169 bands (93%) were polymorphic. The genetic similarity of the genotypes was 0.37 to 0.72. Based on cluster analysis of molecular data, the collected samples were divided into four groups. The essential oil constituents in Kohbanan, Baghin, Shahrbabak, Anbarabad, Ravar and Kerman genotypes were identified. The samples were classified into three groups by cluster analysis of phytochemical data.
M.V. Sadeghi Sarvestani; S. Hosseinzadeh; M. Osfoori; V. Rowshan; M. Ghasemi nejad; M. Eghtedari
Abstract
Clostridium botulinum is one of the major causes of bacterial food intoxication especially in the vacuum-packed foods and meat products. Preventing such contamination is a major concern in the food industries. The current study was aimed to investigate the presence of Clostridium botulinum type A in ...
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Clostridium botulinum is one of the major causes of bacterial food intoxication especially in the vacuum-packed foods and meat products. Preventing such contamination is a major concern in the food industries. The current study was aimed to investigate the presence of Clostridium botulinum type A in the traditional dairy products and the possible effects of Teucrium polium L. essential oil(leaf and /or flower) on the growing of microorganism, in vitro. Out of 160 samples of traditionally made kashk and dough, only one sample was isolated (type A) using the selective culture, while, one sample of dough (1.25%) and two cases (3.75%) of kashk were respectively found positive to type A and B of the bacteria, using multiple PCR assay. The major components of the flower extract were: α-Pinene (16.67%) and Valerianol (8.32%), and for the leaf extract: α-Pinene (14.79%), Myrcene (10.9%) and Germacrene (10.44%), were the major components. In order to evaluate the anti-microbial effects of the leaf and flower, 10 µl of each extract was employed using the disc diffusion technique. At 40 and 80 µl/ml essential oil concentrations, the diameters of the growing inhibition zones were 9 and 8 millimeters for the leaf essential oil, and 12 and 8 millimeters for flower essential oil. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of both essential oilwas 160µl/ml. The results of the present study may recommend the use of Teucrium polium L. essential oil as a natural component to reduce and/or to inhibit the growing of Clostridium botulinum, in foodstuffs.
A. Monfared
Abstract
In order to gain knowledge on behavior of plant species in environments contaminated to mineral elements, the shoots of three wild species including Eremostachys macrophylla Monthbr & Auch, Salvia leriifolia Benth. , and Teucrium polium L., from Labiateae family were collected ...
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In order to gain knowledge on behavior of plant species in environments contaminated to mineral elements, the shoots of three wild species including Eremostachys macrophylla Monthbr & Auch, Salvia leriifolia Benth. , and Teucrium polium L., from Labiateae family were collected from the city of Kashmar and their essential oil was extracted by hydro distillation method and analyzed by GC/MS. In the oil of Eremostachys macrophyla, 21 compounds were identified, forming 92% of total oil. The major compound was α-pinene (60.1%). In the essential oil of Salvia leriifolia, 12 compounds (97% of total oil) were identified. Artemisia ketone (62.9%) and cubenol (9.4%) were identified as the major compounds. Fourteen compounds (98.8% of total oil) were identified in the oil of Teucrium polium including 1,8-cineole (21.7%), cis-chrysanthenol (13.8%), chrysanthenone (13.6%) and 3-thujopsanone (11.7%), as the major compounds. The comparison of oil percentage and also compounds showed that Eremostachys behaved differently compared to other two genera. With regard to the same collection area, three different genera from one family with different absorption ability in terms of some of the elements in the soil and also changes in secondary metabolites (in the biosynthetic pathway), it was expected that quite different results would be obtained but in this study, the two mentioned genera showed relatively similar behavior to the environment.
