Improvement and breeding
M. Rigi; M. Valizadeh
Abstract
Withania coagulans (Stocks) Dunal from solanaceae family is a multi-purpose species that is distributed in Iran only in limited areas of natural habitats in Sistan and Baluchestan province. Different organs of this plant have antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-tumor biological effects. To investigate ...
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Withania coagulans (Stocks) Dunal from solanaceae family is a multi-purpose species that is distributed in Iran only in limited areas of natural habitats in Sistan and Baluchestan province. Different organs of this plant have antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-tumor biological effects. To investigate the effects of humic acid and titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the amount of phytochemical compounds and some growth parameters of this species, a pot factorial experiment was performed based on a randomized complete design with three replications. Experimental factors included humic acid at four levels (H0: 0, H1: 10, and H2: 30 g.kg-1 soil) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles at three levels (T0: 0, T1: 45, and T2: 90 mg.l-1). The results showed that the H2T2 treatment increased fresh weight, dry weight, number of lateral branches, height, phosphorus, potassium, and relative water content compared to the control, significantly. Increasing humic acid up to 30 g decreased the phenols content from 48.59 in H0 to 39.88 mg.g-1 fresh weight in H2. In T2, the phenols content increased by 2.37% compared to T0, which had a significant difference with the other treatments. Also, a similar trend was observed for the parameters like total flavonoids and proline. But increasing humic acid up to 30 g increased the amount of chlorophyll fluorescence by 70.79% compared to the control. Overall, the results indicated that the interaction of humic acid and titanium dioxide nanoparticles could improve the growth and plant yield parameters.
Agriculture and horticulture
A. Hayati; M.M. Rahimi; A. Kelidari; S.M. Hosseini
Abstract
Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seeds are used in the traditional medicine in many countries to prevent and treat many disorders and diseases including cough, asthma, nasal congestion, headache, toothache, intestinal worms, menstrual disorders, gastrointestinal diseases, and impotence. To study the effects ...
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Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seeds are used in the traditional medicine in many countries to prevent and treat many disorders and diseases including cough, asthma, nasal congestion, headache, toothache, intestinal worms, menstrual disorders, gastrointestinal diseases, and impotence. To study the effects of humic acid and iron nanochelate on the content of osmotic protective osmolites including glucose, fructose, sucrose, proline, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase of medicinal plant black cumin under the drought stress conditions, an experiment was conducted as a split factorial based on the randomized complete block design with three treatments in three replications at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station of Eqlid city during two crop years of 2018 and 2019. The main plot consisted of three levels of irrigation (50, 75, and 100% of available water) and sub-plots included humic acid (0, 250, and 500 mg l-1) and iron nanochelate (0, 1, and 2 g l-1). The results showed that the effects of irrigation, humic acid, and iron chelate treatments on the catalase, superoxide dismutase, glucose, and peroxidase content, irrigation treatments on the proline content, and irrigation and humic acid treatments on the sucrose and fructose content were significant. The content of all protective osmolites increased in the 50% drought stress treatment. The highest content of glucose, fructose, and sucrose was obtained in the 50% drought stress, 500 mg l-1 humic acid, and 2 g l-1 iron nanochelate treatment. Overall, based on the results of this experiment, the application of humic acid fertilizer (500 mg l-1) and iron nanochelate (2 g l-1) could be recommended to reduce the effects of drought stress on black cumin.
B. Soltanian; P. Rezvani Moghaddam; J. Asili
Abstract
The experiment was conducted to study the effects of water deficit stress and fertilizer sources on characteristics of Echinacea purpurea L., in a split plots design with three replications at the research farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran during two years of 2016 and ...
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The experiment was conducted to study the effects of water deficit stress and fertilizer sources on characteristics of Echinacea purpurea L., in a split plots design with three replications at the research farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran during two years of 2016 and 2017. Irrigation consisted of three levels of non-stress (control), moderate, and severe moisture stress and fertilizer consisted of eight levels of complete fertilizer (NPK), vermicompost, humic acid, humic acid+NPK, humic acid+vermicompost, NPK+vermicompost, NPK+vermicompost+humic acid, and non-use of fertilizer (control). The single effects of deficit irrigation and fertilizer treatments were significant (p≤0.01) on the stem height, number of stems and flowers plant-1, biomass dry weight, total chlorophylls a and b, and proline content; however, their interaction effects were only significant (p≤0.01) on phenolic compounds of the leaves. In relation to the single effects of irrigation treatments, the highest height and number of stems, number of flowers plant-1, and biomass dry weight was observed in non-water stress treatments and the lowest amount of these characteristics was observed in severe water stress treatments. The highest and lowest proline content was shown in severe and non-stress treatments, respectively, and the highest and lowest total chlorophylls a and b were obtained in non-stress and severe moisture stress, respectively. Regarding the single effects of fertilizer treatments, there was no significant difference in plant height between fertilizer levels; however, all of them had a significant difference with control treatment (no fertilization). The difference between fertilizer treatments was significant in the number of stems and flowers plant-1 and biomass dry weight. The highest number of stems and flowers was obtained in humic acid+vermicompost treatment and the highest amounts of biomass dry weight were obtained in vermicompost+NPK treatment. The lowest values of these traits were observed in control (non-fertilization). The highest and lowest amounts of total chlorophylls a and b were obtained in vermicompost+NPK and control treatments, respectively, and the highest and lowest proline values were obtained in control and vermicompost treatments, respectively. The highest phenolic compounds were observed in humic acid+vermicompost+NPK and humic acid+NPK treatments, both of which under severe moisture stress, and the lowest one in non-stress and non-fertilization (control) treatment.
S. Mafakheri; R. Aminian
Abstract
Though chemical fertilizers increase crop production, their long-term use causes soil compaction and decreased fertility, increased air and water pollution, as well as increased greenhouse gases emission, ultimately leading to serious damage to human health and the environment. A greenhouse experiment ...
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Though chemical fertilizers increase crop production, their long-term use causes soil compaction and decreased fertility, increased air and water pollution, as well as increased greenhouse gases emission, ultimately leading to serious damage to human health and the environment. A greenhouse experiment was conducted during 2018 to evaluate the effects of chemical and bio-fertilizers on the quality and quantity of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) in a randomized complete block design with four treatments. The experimental treatments included chemical fertilizer (NPK), seaweed extract, humic acid, and control (without fertilizer) with five replications. The results showed that the treatments had a significant effect on most of the traits. The highest plant height, plant dry weight, number of umbels per plant, number of seeds per plant, 1000 seed weight, number of primary branches, chlorophyll content, leaf carotenoid content, and essential oil content were obtained in the plants treated with chemical fertilizer as well as seaweed extract. The highest plant fresh weight was obtained from chemical fertilizer treatment, and the highest number of secondary branches (9.08) and linalool percentage (61.32%) were obtained from the seaweed extract treatment. The results indicated that the seaweed extract could be a good replacement for chemical fertilizers in coriander.
H. Molahoseini; M. Feizian; S. Davazdaemami; E. Mehdi Pour
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effects of silicone nano oxide coated with humic acid and salicylic acid on some morphological parameters and ionic composition of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) under salinity stress, two set of experiments were conducted (in lab. and greenhouse) during 2016-2017. First, silicone ...
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In order to evaluate the effects of silicone nano oxide coated with humic acid and salicylic acid on some morphological parameters and ionic composition of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) under salinity stress, two set of experiments were conducted (in lab. and greenhouse) during 2016-2017. First, silicone nano oxide was coated by different concentrations of humic acid (40-1600 mg l-1) in the presence of salicylic acid (pH=4) and at different times (0.5 to 120 hours) to maximize the coverage and energy absorption. Then, the effects of coated silicone nano oxide were evaluated in salinity stress in a split plot experiment based on randomized complete blocks with four replications. The salinity treatment was applied in three levels including 2 ds m-1 as control, 3.5 and 5 ds m-1 with irrigation. The coated silicone nano oxide treatments included 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 g l-1, applied via irrigation at two growth stages of black cumin (vegetative and reproductive). The results of laboratory experiment showed that by increasing humic acid concentration and exposure time (in presence of salicylic acid), the carbon adsorption rate increased from 6.6 to 11.9 mg g-1. However, the size of silicone nano oxide was not significantly different (20 to 30 nanometers). Results of analysis of variance showed that changes in dry weight of shoot, root, plant height, shoot/root ratio, number of branches, relative water content, and potassium in the salinity treatments and coated nanoparticles were independently significant. It is concluded that the silicone nano oxide coated with humic acid and salicylic acid can result in increased salinity tolerance of the black cumin through reducing the amount and frequency of these materials.
A. Farhadi; M. Daneshvar; H.R. Eisvand; F. Nazarian Firoozabadi
Abstract
In order to study the effects of different amounts of humic acid fertilizer on morphological characteristics, yield components and essential oil yield of German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) under low irrigation stress, a research was carried out in the Agricultural Research Farm of Lorestan University ...
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In order to study the effects of different amounts of humic acid fertilizer on morphological characteristics, yield components and essential oil yield of German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) under low irrigation stress, a research was carried out in the Agricultural Research Farm of Lorestan University during 2016-2017. The experiment was conducted in a split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The experimental factors included irrigation at three levels (irrigation after 30, 60 and 90 mm evaporation from class A evaporation pan as the main factor) and consumption of humic acid at three levels (0, 5 and 10 kg /ha as sub factor). The results showed that with increasing irrigation interval, the flower fresh weight, flower dry weight, receptacle diameter, stem height and stem diameter were significantly decreased. With increasing levels of humic acid, flower harvest index, root dry weight, biological yield, essential oil yield, chamazulene yield, chlorophyll content (a, b and total) showed significant increase at all irrigation levels. In the case of flower harvest index, there was no significant difference in irrigation after 90 mm evaporation in humic acid treatments. The highest seed yield was obtained in irrigation after 60 mm evaporation and using 5 kg/ha humic acid. The highest yield of essential oil and chamazulene was obtained in irrigation after 60 mm evaporation and using humic acid at a rate of 10 kg/ha. According to the results, irrigation after 60 mm evaporation with 10 kg of humic acid per hectare is suggested for the production of maximum essential oil and chamazulene. As well, the same irrigation level with 5 kg/ha humic acid could be recommended to produce maximum seed yield.
