F. Sefidkon; Z. Jamzad; M.M. Barazandeh
Volume 20, Issue 4 , January 2018, , Pages 425-439
Abstract
The genus of Satureja with the persian name of “Marzeh” consists of 14 species in Iran, 9 of them are endemic. One of these endemic species is Satureja bachtiarica. In this research, the aerial parts of S. bachtiarica were collected from two different localities in Fars and Yazd provinces, ...
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The genus of Satureja with the persian name of “Marzeh” consists of 14 species in Iran, 9 of them are endemic. One of these endemic species is Satureja bachtiarica. In this research, the aerial parts of S. bachtiarica were collected from two different localities in Fars and Yazd provinces, at full flowering stage. The plant materials were hydro-distilled for obtaining their essential oils. The oils were analyzed by capillary GC and GC/MS. The oil yields were calculated equal to 2.15% for Yazd sample and 1.65% for Fars sample. Twenty compounds were identified in the oil of Fars sample with carvacrol (49.3%), p-cymene (12.7%) and trans-a-bergamotene (5.8%) as main components. Twenty compounds were characterized in the oil of Yazd sample with carvacrol (66.5%), p-cymene (15.2%) and linalool (4.6%) as main constituents. The relatively high amount of oil yield and high percentage of carvacrol in the oil of S. bachtiarica, showed that this species could have the medicinal and nutritional uses like S. hortensis and S. montana. These two Satureja species are not native of Iran and S. bachtiarica may be used instead of them.
F. Sefidkon; A. Heydari; M. Kasyani; S.R. Tabayi Aghdayi; M. Naderi
Abstract
The genus Satureja belongs to the Lamiaceae family. Satureja macrantha C. A. Mey. is an aromatic plant growing wild in Zanjan, Kordestan, Hamedan, and Kermanshah provinces. In this research, to domesticate this species and study its essential oil content and composition, the seeds of four accessions ...
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The genus Satureja belongs to the Lamiaceae family. Satureja macrantha C. A. Mey. is an aromatic plant growing wild in Zanjan, Kordestan, Hamedan, and Kermanshah provinces. In this research, to domesticate this species and study its essential oil content and composition, the seeds of four accessions were collected from natural habitats and cultivated in the research farm of Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. To compare the essential oil yields and constituents, the aerial parts of each accession were collected in full flowering stage in three consecutive years. After drying in room temperature, the plant materials were subjected to hydro-distillation. The oil yields were calculated and the oil compositions were identified by GC and GC/MS analysis and retention indices. Results showed that the major compounds in all oils were recorded to be thymol, p-cymene and g-terpinene with different percentages. However, carvacrol was also detected in the oils whose value was not considerable. In addition, the oil yields increased gradually with plant growth in all accessions. The quality of oils was also improved with plant aging, except for one accession, so that three- year old plants contained more oil and more phenolic compounds, thymol and carvacrol as compared to one-year old plants. The elimination and appearance of some minor components in the oils with plant aging showed that oil analysis at the first year of cultivation of an aromatic plant did not produce acceptable results. Therefore, to obtain reliable results, the oils should be studied in a few consecutive years.
S. Shahverdi; F. Sefidkon; Z. Jamzad; T. Nejhadsattari
Abstract
Origanum strobilaceum Mobayen & Ghahreman belongs to Lamiaceae. Thirty eight species of the genus were known so far which are categorized in 9 sections. The species is aromatic and its essential oil compositions are valuable. In this research, for the first time, the essential oil content and composition ...
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Origanum strobilaceum Mobayen & Ghahreman belongs to Lamiaceae. Thirty eight species of the genus were known so far which are categorized in 9 sections. The species is aromatic and its essential oil compositions are valuable. In this research, for the first time, the essential oil content and composition of O. strobilaceum was studied. The aerial parts of the plant were collected from janat rodbar in Mazandaran Province road at full flowering stage. After drying the plant materials, the essential oil was obtained by hydro-distillation method. Identification of essential oil constituents was done by using GC and GC/MS. The results showed 29 constituents in this oil that presented 97.3% of total oil. The main components of the oil were P-cymen (25%), E-caryophyllen (14.4%), thymol (9.6%), carvacrol (5.3%) and cumin aldehyde (5.1%). This oil had some similarities and differences with O. vulgare oil with high content of phenols, thymol and carvacrol as well as germacrene D and caryophyllene.
S.F. Mirahmadi; M.R. Hasandokht; F. Sefidkon; M.E. Hassani
Abstract
Achillea biebersteinii Afan. is a member of Asteraceae and occurs wild in different parts of the world including Europe, Turkey, Iran and central Asia. In addition to traditional medicine, the plant is also considered in modern medicine and different industries because of its essential oil characteristics. ...
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Achillea biebersteinii Afan. is a member of Asteraceae and occurs wild in different parts of the world including Europe, Turkey, Iran and central Asia. In addition to traditional medicine, the plant is also considered in modern medicine and different industries because of its essential oil characteristics. The present study was conducted to investigate the essential oil content and composition of nine populations of A. biebersteinii collected from different ports of Khorassan Province. For this purpose, after calculating essential oil content of each population with three independent experiments, chemical constituents of oils were identified by means of GC and GC-MS analyses. The results showed that Golool (1.62%) and Chelmir (1.60%) contained the highest amount of essential oil. Totally, 23 components were characterized in the essential oil of all populations with oxygenated monoterpens (47.9-73.1%) as the principle fraction. While 1,8-cineole, nepetalactone, p-cymene, a-terpinene and cis-chrysanthenyl acetate were identified as the prevalent constituents of all investigated essential oils, lavandulyl 2-methyl butyrate and cis-chrysanthenol were the rarest ones. Due to the high content of essential oil and high levels of 1,8-cineole, nepetalactone derivatives and p-cymene which are well-known biologically active compounds, Golool and Azghad populations seem to be suitable for application in relevant industries.
A. Akbarinia; F. Sefikon; S.R. Razaz Hashemi
Abstract
Satureja sahendica Bornm.is an endemic aromatic species in Iran. It isused very extensively in folk medicine of southern parts ofIran. In this study, chemicalcomposition of cultivated S. sahendica was investigated for the first time. Three accessions of S. sahendica collected from natural sites in Qazvin ...
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Satureja sahendica Bornm.is an endemic aromatic species in Iran. It isused very extensively in folk medicine of southern parts ofIran. In this study, chemicalcomposition of cultivated S. sahendica was investigated for the first time. Three accessions of S. sahendica collected from natural sites in Qazvin province and cultivated in research farm of Qazvin Research Station in 2005. An experiment was undertaken to determine the oil production of S. sahendica in complete randomized block design with three replications. Accessions consisted of Arochan, Abgarm and Shenein. Aerial parts of wild and cultivated plants harvested at flowering stage in 2007. Essential oils of dried aerial parts were distilled with water for 3 hours. Statistical analysis showed significant difference between cultivated and wild plants of accessions. In natural site, Shenien had the highest essential oil content (3.3%) and then Abgarm (3.0%) and Arochan with 2.21% was the least. In cultivated plants accessions had not similar trend in different harvests. Abgarm samples at first and second cuttings and Arochan samples in third cutting showed the highest essential oil contents. There was high difference between cultivated and wild accessions of Shenien. Thymol was 35 to 36% at cultivated and wild samples, while among cultivated plants, Abgarm sample in third cutting showed the highest amount of thymol (49.6%). Second cutting of Arochan sample and first harvest of Shenien sample had 38.8 and 38.1 % thymol respectively. Carvacrol in wild plants was nearly 1% and was higher than cultivated plants.
Sh. Ahmadi; F. Sefidkon; P. Babakhanlo; F. Asgari; K. Khademi; N. Valizadeh; M.A. Karimifar
Abstract
The genus of Satureja consist of 30 species in world. Satureja bachtiarica Bunge is one of the endemic species of this genus in Iran. In order to identify the quality changes of essential oil of Satureja bachtiarica, we planted the specimen in 1382 in Khorram Abad on the 36 plot, using the split factorial ...
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The genus of Satureja consist of 30 species in world. Satureja bachtiarica Bunge is one of the endemic species of this genus in Iran. In order to identify the quality changes of essential oil of Satureja bachtiarica, we planted the specimen in 1382 in Khorram Abad on the 36 plot, using the split factorial design in randomized complete block with 3 replications. Aerial parts of plants were collected in two stages (before and full flowering) from field and provenance in the second year. The plant materials were dried and hydro-distilled in order to obtain their essential oils. The oils were analyzed by capillary GC and GC/MS. The main component of essential oil before flowering stage were carvacrol (20٪), P-cymene (36.5٪) and thymol (19.2.(٪ In the flowering stage 21 compounds were characterized in the oil with carvacrol (25.5٪), p-cymene (23.2٪), thymol (0.5(٪ and mentone (18.5 (٪as the main constituents. Fifteen compounds were characterized in the oil of field sample (Khorram Abad). The main constituents of the oil were carvacrol (48.6٪) and p-cymene (28.6٪) before flowering stage. In the flowering stage 13 compounds were characterized in the oil with carvacrol (62.3٪) and p-cymene (21.2٪) as the main constituents. The oil yields of cultivated and wild S. bachtiarica samples were 1.1, 2.08% and 1.8, 1.1% before and full flowering stages, respectively. The amount of carvacrol in Satureja bachtiarica oils were 48.6%, 62.3% and 20%, 25.8%before and full flowering stages, in field and provenance, respectively. These results showed that variation of ecological characters like altitude, temperature, humidity and climate had effect on percentage of carvacrol.
J. Zarrinzadeh; M. Mirza; H. Alyari
Volume 23, Issue 1 , May 2007, , Pages 134-140
Abstract
In order to study the effects of plantation date and irrigation regimes on quantity and quality of herbal essential oil of Cuminum cyminum factorial experiment was carried out on the basis of randomized complete block design by three repetitions in research field of Agricultural Faculty of Tabriz University ...
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In order to study the effects of plantation date and irrigation regimes on quantity and quality of herbal essential oil of Cuminum cyminum factorial experiment was carried out on the basis of randomized complete block design by three repetitions in research field of Agricultural Faculty of Tabriz University in 2002-2003. The cuminaldehyde compound which possesses the highest percent of Cuminum cyminum L. oil, was affected significantly (at 0.01 level) by planting date. However, different levels of irrigation did not have significant effect on cuminaldehyde. The p-cymen compound was in the second rank in term of percentage rate in the oil of Cuminum cyminum. Different levels of irrigation had significant effect on the amount of p-cymene (at 0.05 level).
M. Mirza; Z. Baher Nik
Volume 13, Issue 1 , July 2002, , Pages 69-79
Abstract
The seeds of cultivated Trachyspermum copticum L. Link collected in autumn from Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands field and extracted by water distillation. The average of humidity was 3.8%. Analyses of essential oil was done by GC/MS which were resulted to identify 9 compounds which contains ...
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The seeds of cultivated Trachyspermum copticum L. Link collected in autumn from Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands field and extracted by water distillation. The average of humidity was 3.8%. Analyses of essential oil was done by GC/MS which were resulted to identify 9 compounds which contains 100% of oil. Among the identified constituentes, p- cymene (32.4%), γ- terpinene (27.8%) and β- Pinene (1%) were the major constituents. The contents of phenolic compounds were less than those were reported by other scientists in different countries. It considers the soil ingredients, conditions and the methods of extraction were important on the essential oil contents.
F. Sefidkon; F. Askari
Volume 12, Issue 1 , May 2002, , Pages 29-51
Abstract
The genus of Thymus presents 14 species in Iran, some of them are endemic (1). In this project some of the endemic and non-endemic Thymus species, named: T. pubescens Boiss. et Kotschy ex Celak, T. carnosus Boiss, T. kotschyanus Boiss and Hohen, T. persicus (Ronniger ex Rech. F.) Jalas and T. serpyllum ...
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The genus of Thymus presents 14 species in Iran, some of them are endemic (1). In this project some of the endemic and non-endemic Thymus species, named: T. pubescens Boiss. et Kotschy ex Celak, T. carnosus Boiss, T. kotschyanus Boiss and Hohen, T. persicus (Ronniger ex Rech. F.) Jalas and T. serpyllum L. were collected from different regions at before flowering and full flowering stage. The air-dried aerial parts of these species were steam distilled for obtaning their essential oils. The oil yields are as follow respectively: at before flowering (0.66%, 0.28%, 0.26%, 0.55% and 0.57%) and at full flowering stage (0.86%, 2.1%, 0.43%, 1.45% and 0.90%).
Totally the oil yields were lower for theses Thymus species before flowering. The highest oil yields were obtained from T. kotschyanus and T. pubescens.
Analysis and identification of chemical composition of the oils were performed by GC and GC/MS.
Thirty-seven components (representing 93.1%-98.3% of the oils) at before flowering stage and thirty-nine components (representing 88.2%-99.3% of the oils) at full flowering stage were identified.
The main components of the oils were as follow, before and full flowering stage, respectively:
T. carnosus, thymol (27.2% and 36.1%), g-terpinene (19.6% and 19.1%), p-cymene (26.2% and 21.3%), b-caryophyllene (2.5% and 2.8%), carvacrol (2.2% and 2.5%) and borneol (1.6% and 1.6%).
T. kotschyanus carvacrol (40.7% and 41.4%), thymol (26.9% and 19.5%), g-terpinene (7.3% and 10.3%), p-cymene (3.9% and 5.3%), b-caryophyllene (1.8% and 2.5%) and borneol (1.3% and 2.4%)
T. persicus (39.0% and 27.1%), thymol (6.5% and 11.9%), g-terpinene (6.1% and 6.5%), p-cymene (7.5% and 10.2%), b-caryophyllene (2.0% and 3.0%) and borneol (1.6% and 2.9%).
T. pubescens carvacrol (64.8% and 48.8%), thymol (11.9% and 13.9%), g-terpinene (6.1% and trace), p-cymene (2.9% and 12.7%), b-caryophyllene (1.5% and 1.3%) and borneol (0.7% and 3.8%).
T. serpyllum, thymol (18.7% and 18.7%), g-terpinene (21.9% and 22.7%), p-cymene (21.1% and 20.7%), b-caryophyllene (7.1% and 0.1%) and borneol (3.9% and 3.1%)
Geraniol (15.7% and 9.4%), Geranyl acetate (5.3% and 5.3%) and a-terpineol (0 and 9.5%) were found just in T. persicus oil before and full flowering stage, respectively. Germacrene D was also found in T. serpyllum oil (6.0% and 5.1%).
