Agriculture and horticulture
P. Arvin; R. Firuzeh
Abstract
Salinity is one of the most important and common environmental stresses that affects the quantitative and qualitative yield of many plants. Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) is one of the most well-known medicinal plants, which is used in the cure of many diseases due to its various effective ...
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Salinity is one of the most important and common environmental stresses that affects the quantitative and qualitative yield of many plants. Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) is one of the most well-known medicinal plants, which is used in the cure of many diseases due to its various effective compounds such as trigonelline. This study was aimed at investigating the effects of salinity stress on the yield components and some physiological and biochemical characteristics of four fenugreek populations under the greenhouse conditions. The pot factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications. The experimental factors included four populations (Neishabour, Shirvan, Shiraz, and Ardakan) and four salinity levels (0, 30, 60, and 90 mM). At the final stages of growth, the traits including the relative water content (RWC), number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 1000-seed weight, and content of soluble sugars, proline, and trigonelline were measured in the mature plants. The salinity stress decreased the yield traits such as the number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, and 1000-seed weight in the all populations studied. The results showed that the salinity stress also decreased the concentration of soluble sugars and RWC, but increased the content of proline and trigonelline in the seeds. The population Shiraz was superior to the others in terms of the traits studied and showed more efficient mechanisms to tolerate the stress conditions.
A. Zarezadeh; S.R. Tabaei aghdaei; A. Mirhosseini; M.R. Arabzadeh; L. Mirjani
Abstract
Satureja belongs to lamiaceae with different species throughout the world. Annual and perennial species of this medicinal plant grow naturally in Iran, of which nine species are endemic. In this research, perennial species of Iranian savory were evaluated during 2009-2013, Yazd, Iran. Accessions of different ...
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Satureja belongs to lamiaceae with different species throughout the world. Annual and perennial species of this medicinal plant grow naturally in Iran, of which nine species are endemic. In this research, perennial species of Iranian savory were evaluated during 2009-2013, Yazd, Iran. Accessions of different species were cultivated at Research Station of Medicinal Plants using a randomized complete block design. Different traits including percentage of plant establishment, plant height, plant canopy diameter, shoot fresh yield, shoot dry yield and oil content were measured. Variance analysis showed significant differences (p<0.01) among accessions for plant establishment, plant canopy diameter, plant height, essential oil percentage, shoot dry yield and leaf dry yield . Based on mean comparisons, SKM (Satureja bachtiarica) from Yazd, 107 (S. spicigera) from Gilan, 15 (S. rechingeri) from Ilam, 123-1 and 123-2 (S. mutica) from Khorasan province were superior accessions for valuable agronomic traits such as percentage of establishment, shoot yield and oil content.
M. Pouryousef
Abstract
To study the changes of yield and essential oil of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) under drought stress condition and different harvesting times, a field experiment was conducted at College of Agriculture, University of Zanjan in the spring of 2011. The experiment was conducted as a split plot based ...
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To study the changes of yield and essential oil of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) under drought stress condition and different harvesting times, a field experiment was conducted at College of Agriculture, University of Zanjan in the spring of 2011. The experiment was conducted as a split plot based on complete randomized block design with three replications. In this study, the effects of water stress in three levels including control, drought stress at flowering and grain filling stages were assigned to the main plots and three harvesting times including harvest at soft dough (58% moisture content of grain), hard dough (37% moisture content of grain) and maturity stages (16 % moisture content of grain) were assigned to the sub plots. Results showed that the effect of drought stress on grain and essential oil yield, grain essential oil content, 1000-grain weight, number of umbellet in umbrella, number of grain in umbellet, number of grain in umbrella was significant (p ≤ 0.05). Majority of mentioned traits decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) under drought stress condition. Therefore, the highest grain yield (1436.63 kg/ha) and essential oil yield (34.54 kg/ha) were obtained in control treatment (full irrigation) and the lowest amounts of mentioned traits were obtained in drought stress at grain filling stage. According to the obtained results, the effect of harvest time on grain and essential oil yield, grain essential oil content, 1000-grain weight, number of grain in umbellet and number of grain in umbrella, was significant (p≤0.01). Therefore, the highest and lowest grain yield (1425.75 and 784.81 kg/ha) was obtained in hard dough and maturity stages, respectively. In addition, the highest essential oil yield (33.97 kg/ha) was obtained in hard dough stage but there was no significant difference about essential oil yield between hard dough and maturity stages. It can be concluded that the fennel plant is sensitive to drought stress at reproductive growth stages and the quantity and quality of fennel yield can be affected by harvest time.
H. Zeinali; A. Moslehi Yazddeli; L. Safaei; Z. Jaberalansar; A. Akhondi; Z. Skanderi
Abstract
This research was aimed to investigate the effects of different amounts of NPK fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative traits of Matricaria chamomilla L. The experiment was conducted during 2007-2008 in Barij Essence Company of Kashan in a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design ...
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This research was aimed to investigate the effects of different amounts of NPK fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative traits of Matricaria chamomilla L. The experiment was conducted during 2007-2008 in Barij Essence Company of Kashan in a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications.Treatments consisted of three levels of N (0, 50, 100 kgha-1), P2O5 (0, 25, 50 kgha-1) and K2O (0, 25, 50 kgha-1). Plant height, number of flower per plant, number of lateral branches, dry and fresh weight per plant, flower yield/m2, flower diameter, essential oil percentage, and chamazulene were measured. N levels showed significant differences for the number of flower per plant, fresh weight per plant, number of lateral branches, flower yield/m2 and dry and fresh weight of flower (p < 0.05). Analysis of data showed significant differences for fresh weight per plant under different levels of P2O5 (p < 0.05). K levels showed no significant differences for all traits. Interaction of N and P2O5 levels revealed significant differences for fresh and dry weight per plant and flower yield/m2 (p < 0.01). Interaction of N and K2o5 was significant for flower diameter (p < 0.05). Analysis of mean comparison for flower yield per m2 showed that the highest flower yield was obtained at 50 kg/ha N and 25 kg/ha P2O5, and the lowest flower yield was obtained at 100 kg/ha N and 50 kg/ha P2O5. NPK fertilizers did not affect chamazulene and essential oil. In conclusion, Matricaria chamomilla L. requires few nutrient elements.
M. Heidari; M. Mobasri Moghadam
Abstract
In order to study the effects of rate and time of nitrogen application on yield and yield components of karela (Momordica charantia L.), a field experiment as split plot design with three replications was conducted in 2011 at Research Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources of Sistan. The treatments ...
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In order to study the effects of rate and time of nitrogen application on yield and yield components of karela (Momordica charantia L.), a field experiment as split plot design with three replications was conducted in 2011 at Research Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources of Sistan. The treatments consisted of three levels of nitrogen fertilizer, obtained from urea source, at the rate of N1=75, N2=150 and N3=225 kg N.ha-1 as main plot, and three time application including: T1=1/2 at 3 and 4 leaves and 1/2 before flowering, T2= 1/2 at 3 and 4 leaves and 1/2 after fruit to start and T3=1/3 at 3 and 4 leaves, 1/3 before flowering and 1/3 after fruit to start were used as sub plot. Results showed that nitrogen application had significant effect on the yield and amount of biomass production (p < 0.01) in karela. By increasing nitrogen level from 75 to 225 kg N.ha-1, yield and biomass values increased. The amount of yield increased about 63.1%. Nitrogen treatment had positive and significant effect on yield components including plant height, number of lateral branches, number of fruits per plant, number of seeds per fruit, the length and diameter of fruit. Timing of nitrogen application had only significant effect on yield, the amount of biomass production, number of fruits per plant, length and diameter of fruit. The maximum yield of karela was obtained at T2 treatment.
M. Palizdar; B. Delkhosh; A.H Shiranirad; Gh. Noormohammadi
Abstract
In order to study the effect of irrigation regimes and potassium fertilizer yield and yield components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) as a medicinal plant, a field experiment was conducted in a factorial design based on randomized complete blocks with three replications. The experiment was performed ...
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In order to study the effect of irrigation regimes and potassium fertilizer yield and yield components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) as a medicinal plant, a field experiment was conducted in a factorial design based on randomized complete blocks with three replications. The experiment was performed on a winter safflower genotype (Goldasht) at the experimental farm of Ghazvin during cropping season 2009-2010. Four irrigation regimes including 60 (Control), 100, 140 and 180mm evaporation from evaporation pan (Class A) and four levels of potassium fertilizer including 0 (Control), 50, 100 and 150 kg.ha-1 comprised the experimental factors. Results showed that with increasing irrigation level, seed yield, plant height, stem diameter, number of branches per plant, head diameter, number of heads per plant and number of seeds per head increased significantly; as the seed yield of the irrigation based on 60mm evaporation was 110% higher than the that of irrigation based on 180mm evaporation. All traits also increased significantly with increasing potassium content. As application of 150kg.ha-1 potassium increased the seed yield by 58% compared to the control treatment. The interaction effect of irrigation and potassium was significant on all traits except stem diameter and head diameter. In irrigation based on 60mm evaporation, application of 150 kg.ha-1 potassium increased seed yield by 35% compared to the control treatment but in irrigation based on 180mm evaporation, it was increased by 130%. According to the results, application of potassium fertilizer showed positive effects on yield and yield components of safflower in sever and moderate water stress conditions.
S.G.R. Mosavi; M.J. Segatoleslami; M. Pooyan
Abstract
In order to study the effect of planting date and plant density on yield and seed yield components of isabgol (Plantago ovata L.), an experiment was conducted at Agricultural research center of Islamic Azad University Birjand Branch, in 2008. The experimental design was split-plot based on randomized ...
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In order to study the effect of planting date and plant density on yield and seed yield components of isabgol (Plantago ovata L.), an experiment was conducted at Agricultural research center of Islamic Azad University Birjand Branch, in 2008. The experimental design was split-plot based on randomized complete blocks with three replications. Main plots consisted of three planting date (18 April, 9 and 30 May), and sub-plots included three density levels (16.6, 22.2 and 33.3 plants. m-2). The results showed that delay in planting date from 18 April to 30 May significantly decreased number of spikes per plant (35.2%), number of seed per spike (39.8%), seed yield (60.2%), biological yield (49.3%) and harvest index (19.7%). Plant density had significant effect on number of spikes per plant and per m2 biological yield, seed yield, harvest index and seed yield per plant. According to the results, it could be concluded that planting date and plant density are effective parameters in crop performance. In this research, planting date of 18 April and plant density of 33.3 plants m-2 had the highest seed yield (558.99 kg ha-1).
M.T. Darzi; M.R. Hadjseyed Hadi; F. Rejali
Abstract
Application of Biofertilizers in a sustainable agriculture system improves sustainability of yield especially in medicinal plants production. Anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) is a medicinal plant containing essential oils especially in its seeds. In this reserach, the effects of vermicompost and phosphate ...
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Application of Biofertilizers in a sustainable agriculture system improves sustainability of yield especially in medicinal plants production. Anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) is a medicinal plant containing essential oils especially in its seeds. In this reserach, the effects of vermicompost and phosphate biofertilizer on yield and yield components in anise including plant height, number of umbels per plant, 1000 grain-weight, biological yield and seed yield were studied. The experiment was carried out at Homand research station - Iran in 2009. The factors were vermicompost (0, 5, 10 ton/ha) and phosphate biofertilizer (non-inoculated, inoculated seed and inoculated seed + spraying on soil in stem elongation). The experiment design was factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with nine treatments and three replications. Mean comparison was carried out using Duncan multiple range test (P<0.05). Results showed that the highest plant height, umbel no./plant, biological yield, and seed yield were obtained from consumption of 10 ton/ha vermicompost but 1000 grain- weight were not affected by vermicompost significantly. Phosphate biofertilizer also showed significant effects on umbel no./plant, biological yield and seed yield (except plant height and 1000 grain-weight). The maximum umbel no./plant, biological yield and seed yield were obtained from two times consumption of phosphate biofertilizer. There were positive and synergistic interactions between factors like interactions between factors on biological yield. According to the results of this study, application of 10 ton/ha vermicompost and two times consumption of phosphate biofertilizer were determined as the most suitable treatments.
M.T. Darzi; A. Ghalavand; F. Rejali; F. Sefidkon
Volume 22, Issue 4 , February 2007, , Pages 276-292
Abstract
In order to study the effects of biofertilizers on yield and yield components in fennel, an experiment was conducted at Hamand Research Station in Damavand in 2005. The factors were mycorrhizal inoculation (inoculated and non-inoculated), biophosphate fertilizer (0, 30 , 60 kg/ha) and vermicompost (0 ...
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In order to study the effects of biofertilizers on yield and yield components in fennel, an experiment was conducted at Hamand Research Station in Damavand in 2005. The factors were mycorrhizal inoculation (inoculated and non-inoculated), biophosphate fertilizer (0, 30 , 60 kg/ha) and vermicompost (0 , 5 , 10 ton/ha). The experiment design was factorial experiment in the base of randomized complete blocks design with eighteen treatments and three replications. Also, these treatments with a fertilizer control treatment (NPK: 90, 60 and 90 kg/ha) was evaluated using a randomized complete blocks design with nineteen treatments and three replications. The measured traits were plant height, umbel no./plant, 1000 seed weight, biological yield, haevest index and seed yield. Mean comparison was conducted using duncan multiple range test (at 5% level). Results showed that the highest plant height, umbel no./plant, 1000 seed weight, biological yield and seed yield were obtained through mycorrhization but reduced harvest index. Biophosphate fertilizer also showed significant effects on plant height and biological yield. The maximum plant height and biological yield were obtained with consumption of 60 kg/ha from biophosphate fertilizer. The highest plant height, umbel no./plant, 1000 seed weight, biological yield and seed yield were obtained from vermicompost (10 ton/ha). Intractions of two factors of mycorrhizal inoculation and biophosphate fertilizer on 1000 seed weight and mycorrhizal inoculation and vermicompost on harvest index were significant. Comparison of control versus biofertilizer treatments was significant and umbel no./plant, biological yield and seed yield in two treatments of fifteenth (mycorrhizal inoculation-30 kg/ha biophosphate fertilizer-10 ton/ha vermicompost) and eighteenth (mycorrhizal inoculation-60 kg/ha biophosphate fertilizer-10 ton/ha vermicompost) from biofertilizer treatments were higher than that of control. There was a positive and significant correlation between seed yield with plant height, umbel no./plant, 1000 seed weight and biological yield.
