A. Zarezadeh; A. Mirhossaini; M. Mirza; Z. Jamzad; M. Arabzadeh
Abstract
Thymuskotschyanus Boiss. & Hohen. is a perennial medicinal shrub growing wild in some regions of Iran including Yazd province. This research was carried out in order to analyze oil quantity and quality of cultivated Thymuskotschyanus in the Medicinal Plants Farm, Yazd, Iran. The seeds of 19 accessions ...
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Thymuskotschyanus Boiss. & Hohen. is a perennial medicinal shrub growing wild in some regions of Iran including Yazd province. This research was carried out in order to analyze oil quantity and quality of cultivated Thymuskotschyanus in the Medicinal Plants Farm, Yazd, Iran. The seeds of 19 accessions collected from natural habitats were sown in a greenhouse and the seedlings were planted in the farm. Shoots were harvested at 50% flowering stage in the second year and dried under shadow. Essential oil was extracted with water distillation method and oil components were identified after determining oil content. The highest amounts of oil content respectively were related to accessions TK7 (3.42%), TK12 (3.22%), TK17 (2.66%) and the lowest amount was observed in accession TK6 (0.79%). The highest amounts of oil production respectively were recorded in accessions TK5 (38.3kg/ha), TK7 (36.4kg/ha) and TK12 (36.1 kg/ha) and the lowest amount was related to TK1 (1.3 kg/ha). Cluster analysis based on eleven oil components classified the accessions into three groups. The first group, (TK2, TK6, TK13, TK18, TK16, TK19), was rich for thymol-p-cymene, the scond group (TK1, TK3, TK4, TK5, TK7, TK11, TK14, TK15, TK17) for carvacrol-thymol and the 3rd group (TK8, TK9, TK10, TK12) was rich for Geraniol-linalool. In general, accessions TK7, with 3.42% oil content, 36.4 kg/ha oil production and 63.8% carvacrol; TK14, with 2.2% oil content 35.5 kg/ha oil production and 47.2% carvacrol and thymol, TK5 with 2.4% oil content, 38.3 kg/ha oil production and 57% thymol and carvacrol are proposed as superior accessions.
M.A. Zare Chahouki; M. Abasi
Abstract
The purpose of this study was habitat suitability modeling for Thymus kotschyanus Boiss. & Hohen. using ecological-niche factor analysis. This model was implemented in the Biomapper software. The information layers included species presence map, soil map (gravel percentage, pH, electrical conductivity, ...
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The purpose of this study was habitat suitability modeling for Thymus kotschyanus Boiss. & Hohen. using ecological-niche factor analysis. This model was implemented in the Biomapper software. The information layers included species presence map, soil map (gravel percentage, pH, electrical conductivity, lime, organic matter, nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, soil depth, sand, clay and silt percent), and the topography map (slope, aspect and elevation). The accuracy of the model was obtained 89% using Boyce index, indicating the high accuracy of the model. The Kappa coefficient obtained from matching the prediction map with the ground truth map was calculated to be 0.73, which is at a good level. The results showed that T. kotschyanus preferred soils with a pH of 7.5-8, an electrical conductivity of 0.20-0.25 dS/m and less than 21.5 percent of lime. The optimal habitat of this species is located at an altitude of over 2000 meters above sea level and in the northern and eastern slopes. Furthermore, the results of this study showed that T. kotschyanus is a specialized species in the study area with a relatively narrow ecological niche, tending to live in its own special habitat conditions.
Sh. Kaveh; H. Zeinali; L. Safaei; H. Madah Arefi; S. Aflakian
Abstract
Thyme is an important medicinal plant of Iran that in order to have thymol and carvacrol using as antimicrobial, antibacterial and antiflatulence agent. In this study 22 genotypes of Thymus kotschyanus Boiss. & Hohen. and Thymus vulgaris L. collected from different regions of Iran and cultivated ...
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Thyme is an important medicinal plant of Iran that in order to have thymol and carvacrol using as antimicrobial, antibacterial and antiflatulence agent. In this study 22 genotypes of Thymus kotschyanus Boiss. & Hohen. and Thymus vulgaris L. collected from different regions of Iran and cultivated as a randomized complete block design with 3 replications in fozveh station of Agricultural and Natural Resource Research Center of Isfahan. Length of flower and buds, spike weight, stem height, leave surface, leave length and width, maximum and minimum cover length, number of flower in spike, spike length, the beginning, 50% and 100% flowering stage, aerial dry and wet yield and essential oil percentage. Thymol and carvacrole percentages were measured with GC and GC/MS. The results showed a genetically variation for all traits in thyme genotypes. The highest production was in Thymus vulgaris with 2200 kg/ha. Thymus kotschyanus from western Azarbayejan had the highest production (1640 kg/ha) among the same population. Essential oil percentage in Thymus kotschyanus was from 0.42 to 2.17% and in Thymus vulgaris from 0.42 to 1.75%. Also Thymol percentage was from 4.63 to 74.52%, and carvacrol from 3 to 78.24% in Thymus kotschyanus and in Thymus vulgaris thymol was from 32.53% to 32.53% and carvacrol from 5.74 to 53.16%. Genotypes were classified into 4 groups. The first group had the highest vegetative period. The second had the maximum amount of Length of buds, spike weight and leave width. Number of spike, thymol percentage and leave width were relatively high in the third group. The forth group had the highest thymol percentage, aerial dry and wet yield and essential oil percentage. Based on the results there was suitable genetically potential for all thyme traits that can use in improvement programs.
H. Akrami; S. Moharramipour; S. Imani
Abstract
Cowpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) is one of the serious post-harvest pests of stored products. The damaged seeds are unsuitable for human or animal consumption and also for farm cultivation. To control this pest in warehouses, usage of essential oils is considered as an appropriate alternative ...
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Cowpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) is one of the serious post-harvest pests of stored products. The damaged seeds are unsuitable for human or animal consumption and also for farm cultivation. To control this pest in warehouses, usage of essential oils is considered as an appropriate alternative to synthetic pesticides. Therefore, a study was conducted to investigate oviposition deterrence and repellency effects of Thymus kotschyanus Boiss & Hohen and Mentha longifolia L. on C. maculatus. These plants were collected from around of Tehran. Essential oils were subjected to hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus for 3 h. The experiments were done under dark condition in 27 ± 1 ˚C and 65 ± 5 % R.H. Essential oils significantly reduced oviposition of the adults as 500 µl of T. kotschyanus and M. longifolia essential oils (1800 ppm) caused 87.64 and 86.36% oviposition deterrence respectively. Also, essential oils had repellent activity on C. maculatus. At 800 ppm, repellency of M. longifolia and Thymus kotschyanus was recorded 90% and 73.33 % respectively.
