N. Daneshvar Rad; N. Sajedi; M.R. Naieni
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) and selenium (Se) are compounds with antioxidant properties that cause improved plant growth under stress condition. In order to investigate the effects of salicylic acid and selenium application on some vegetative and reproductive traits, essential oil yield, and potassium to sodium ...
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Salicylic acid (SA) and selenium (Se) are compounds with antioxidant properties that cause improved plant growth under stress condition. In order to investigate the effects of salicylic acid and selenium application on some vegetative and reproductive traits, essential oil yield, and potassium to sodium ratio in roots and shoots of moldavian balm (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) under salinity stress conditions, an experiment was carried out as a factorial based on a completely randomized design with three replications in the green house of Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Qom, Iran, 2015. The experimental treatments comprised three Se levels including 0, 20 and 40 mg/L, two SA levels including 0 and 0.5 mM and two salinity levels including 0 and 100mM NaCl. Results showed that salinity stress decreased the number of active leaves per plant and plant height. Salinity stress increased the number of flower per plant and essential oil yield. Results showed that, under salinity stress conditions, the application of Se and SA both alone or combined decreased the negative effect of salinity stress on the number of active leaves per plant and plant height, while increased the essential oil yield. Moreover, the foliar application of Se combined with SA increased the potassium to sodium ratio of leaves under salinity stress. In general, it could be stated that the foliar application of Se combined with SA could be used to relieve the effect of salinity stress in Moldavian balm.
T. Izan; F. Shekari; Y. Nasiri
Abstract
Moldavian balm (Dracocephalum moldavica L.), belonging to the Lamiaceae family, is an annual and aromatic plant, which is used in traditional and modern medicine in the treatment of gastrointestinal and cardiovascular disorders. In order to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid on yield and essential ...
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Moldavian balm (Dracocephalum moldavica L.), belonging to the Lamiaceae family, is an annual and aromatic plant, which is used in traditional and modern medicine in the treatment of gastrointestinal and cardiovascular disorders. In order to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid on yield and essential oil of Moldavian balm under drought stress conditions, a field experiment was conducted as a split plot based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications at the Department of Natural Resources and Watershed of Piranshahr City in 2012. The main factor was irrigation at three levels (40, 80 and 120 mm evaporation from pan), and the sub factor was plant spraying with salicylic acid at three levels (0, 0.5 and 1 mM). Results showed that the effect of drought stress on dry yield, thousand seed weight, harvest index of flowering stem, and essential oil yield was significant. Similar results were obtained for the effect of plant spraying with salicylic acid on dry weight and essential oil yield. It should be noted that dry yield and essential oils yield were most affected by drought stress. In addition, the highest values of thousand seed weight and harvest index of flowering stem was related to the irrigation treatment of 120 mm evaporation. The present study results also showed that the interaction effect of two factors studied on essential oil percentage and essential oil harvest index was significant. In this regard, the maximum amount of essential oil and essential oil harvest index belonged to application of 1 mM salicylic acid in irrigation treatment of 120 mm evaporation from pan.
M. Babalar; S. Mohtashami; S.M. Ebrahimzadeh Musavi; M.H. Mirjalili
Abstract
In this research, in order to study the effect of different packaging on essential oil content, antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds, total flavonoid, flavone and flavonol content, microbial load and color characteristics of Dracocephalum moldavica L., an experiment in a randomized complete design ...
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In this research, in order to study the effect of different packaging on essential oil content, antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds, total flavonoid, flavone and flavonol content, microbial load and color characteristics of Dracocephalum moldavica L., an experiment in a randomized complete design (RCD) with nine treatments and three replications was carried out. The packaging treatments were P1: control (without definite packaging), P2: polyethylene packaging with ambient gas combination exposed in light conditions P3: Polyethylene-polyamide package with ambient gas combination exposed in light conditions, P4: polyethylene-polyamide packaging with ambient gas combination exposed in dark conditions, P5: polyethylene-polyamide packaging with 5% O2 and 95% N2 gas combination exposed in light conditions, P6: polyethylene-polyamide packaging with 5% O2 and 95% N2 gas combination exposed in dark conditions, P7: polyethylene-polyamide packaging and vacuum gas combination exposed in light conditions, P8: polyethylene-polyamide packaging and vacuum gas combination exposed in dark conditions, P9: dried material before of packaging. All packages were stored at room temperature for three months. Results showed that packaging treatments had significant effects on some factors. The maximum essential oil content (0.73 and 0.72%, respectively v/w) was related to pre-packaged sample and P8 treatments and minimum essential oil content belonged to control, P2 and P5 treatments (0.28, 0.37 and 0.39%, respectively). Maximum antioxidant activity was obtained in pre-packaged, P1 and P5 treatments while P2 and P4 treatments showed minimum antioxidant activity. The highest (188.8) and the lowest (72/8) content of phenolic compounds (mg Quercitin/g DW) were measured in P9 and P2 treatments respectively. The maximum (78.6) and the minimum (14.1) content of flavonoids (mg Quercitin/g DW) were detected in P9 and P7 treatments, respectively. Fungal colony in P9 treatment (4× 103 Cfu) was higher than other packaging methods while the quantity of this contamination was not significantly different among other packaging treatments.
Kh. Karimzadeh; F. Sefidkon; N. Majnoon Hosseini; S.A. Peighambari
Abstract
To study the effect of different levels of soil moisture, zeolite and biofertilizers on physiological characteristics, yield and essential oil of medicinal plant Dracocephalum moldavica L., this research was performed in 2010 at Tehran university research greenhouse. For this purpose, a factorial split-plot ...
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To study the effect of different levels of soil moisture, zeolite and biofertilizers on physiological characteristics, yield and essential oil of medicinal plant Dracocephalum moldavica L., this research was performed in 2010 at Tehran university research greenhouse. For this purpose, a factorial split-plot experiment in RCBD with 4 replications was used. In this study the main plots included different soil moisture levels (90%, 60% and 30 % FC) and subplots consisted of two levels of zeolite (zero, 8gr 4kg-1 soil) along with four levels of biofertilizers (without biofertilizer, nitroxin, biphosphorous, nitroxin+biphosphorous). Results showed that the highest amount of total, a and b chlorophylls, relative water content and yield of essential oil were obtained through %90 FC, but the highest amount of solution carbohydrates, proline and percentage of essential oil were obtained through %30 FC. The maximum amount of studied physiological traits as essential oil percentage and essential oil yield were obtained from application of nitroxin+biophosphorous. Interaction effects of soil moisture, zeolite and biofertilizers showed significant differences among different treatments on amount of a, b and total chlorophyll, relative water content, percentage and yield of essential oil. The maximum amount of oil yields were obtained from zeolite application and combination of nitroxin+biphosphorous and 60% FC and treatment of no consumption of zeolite and combination of nitroxin+biphosphorous with 90% FC. It could be concluded that moderate drought stress (60% FC) with application of zeolite and combination of nitroxin+biphosphorous is beneficial for Dragonhead essential oil yield.
S. Yousefzadeh; S.A.M. Modarres-Sanavy; F. Sefidkon; A. Asgarzadeh; A. Ghalavand; M. Roshdi; A. Safaralizadeh
Abstract
To determine the effect of biofertilizers and nitrogen on some morphologic traits and essential oil content of dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.), a field experiment was conducted as factorial in a randomized complete blocks design with 20 treatments and 3 replications. The study was performed in ...
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To determine the effect of biofertilizers and nitrogen on some morphologic traits and essential oil content of dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.), a field experiment was conducted as factorial in a randomized complete blocks design with 20 treatments and 3 replications. The study was performed in two locations during 2009-2010 on research field at Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, and at the Khoy Agricultural Research Center in West Azarbaijan province. The treatments were consisted of two genotypes (landrace and SZK-1 cultivar), two seed inoculation treatments (either with or without bacterial inoculation with Azotobacter + Azosprillum + psedomonas) and five fertilization regimes (100% urea, 75% urea + 25% Azocompost, 50% urea + 50% Azocompost, 25% urea + 75% Azocompost and 100% Azocompost). Results showed that most of the studied morphologic traits were affected by genotype factor. The effect of fertilizer regime was significant on dry matter yield, percentage of essential oil and essential oil yield. The number of flowering branches in location one, and plant height, number of leaves per main stem and number of flowering branches in location two were affected by bacterial inoculation. Two-way interaction effects on a number of studied traits were significant. Three-way interaction effects were significant for the number of flowering branches in location one and the percentage of essential oil and dry matter yield in location two. The greatest plant height, height of the first flowering branch from ground level, number of leaves on the main stem, the number of lateral branches and essential oil yield were recorded for the landrace. The bacterial inoculation increased plant height, the number of leveas on the main stem, stem diameter and the number of flowering branches per plant. The application of 50% urea + 50% Azocompost increased dry matter yield, essential oil percentage and yield. The application of 100% Azocompost resulted in the least essential oil yield. Essential oil yield in landrace was more than that of SZK-1 cultivar. Bacterial inoculation could enhance the essential oil yield in both genotypes, particularly in landrace. In general, results showed that application of 50% urea + 50% Azocompost integrated with bacterial inoculation can be a suitable alternative to chemical fertilizers.
S. Mafakheri; R. Omidbaigi; F. Sefidkon; F. Rejali
Abstract
Dracocephalum moldavica L. is an annual species of the Lamiaceae family with local and global importance. The aerial parts of the plant containing essential oil used in medicinal, cosmetic and food industries. In order to study the effects of biofertilizers on quantity and quality of essential ...
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Dracocephalum moldavica L. is an annual species of the Lamiaceae family with local and global importance. The aerial parts of the plant containing essential oil used in medicinal, cosmetic and food industries. In order to study the effects of biofertilizers on quantity and quality of essential oil in Dragonhead including the content of the essential oil and the content of the geraniol, geranial and geranyl acetate in the essential oil, an experiment was conducted at Tarbiat Modarres University in 2009. The factors were vermicompost (0, 15, 30% V/pot), Azotobacter (inoculated and non-inoculated) and phosphatic biofertilizer (inoculated and non-inoculated). A factorial experimental design was applied in a randomized complete blocks with twelve treatments and three replications. Mean comparison was carried out using Tukey multiple range test at 5% level. Results showed that the highest essential oil content (0.74%) and geranyl acetate content in the essential oil (61.1%) were obtained at the third level of the Vermicompost treatment (30%). The highest geraniol and geranial content in the essential oil (24.2% and 18.2%) respectively were obtained with V15× B0 and V15×A0.
S. Rahimzadeh; Y. Sohrabi; Gh. Heidari; A.R. Eivazi; T. Hoseini
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of biofertilizers on the yield and quality of Dracocephalum moldavica L. essential oil, a field experiment was conducted at the Western Azarbaijan Agricultural Research Station in 2008. Randomized Complete Block Design was used including 9 treatments and 4 replications. ...
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In order to evaluate the effect of biofertilizers on the yield and quality of Dracocephalum moldavica L. essential oil, a field experiment was conducted at the Western Azarbaijan Agricultural Research Station in 2008. Randomized Complete Block Design was used including 9 treatments and 4 replications. Treatments were nitroxin, biological phosphorus, bio-sulfur, nitroxin + biological phosphorus, biological phosphorus + biosulfur, nitroxin + biosulfur, nitroxin + biological phosphorus + bio-sulfur, chemical origin of nitrogen + phosphorus + potassium and control (no fertilizer treatment). According to the results, the effect of treatments on dry matter yield (leaves), seed and biological yield, percentage and yield of essential oil and thousand seed weight was significant (P<0.01) while it was not significant on harvest index of leaves and harvest index of seed. Means comparison showed that applying chemical fertilizer (NPK) resulted in highest leaves dry matter, seed and biological yield. The highest essential oil content and essential oil yield respectively obtained from nitroxin + biological phosphorus + bio-sulfur and nitroxin biofertilizer. Considering the fact that no significant difference was observed between applying nitroxin and chemical NPK, it can be concluded that applying nitroxin may result in maximum seed and essential oil yield. In all studied traits, application of some biofertilizers was significantly better than control treatment (no fertilizer).
F. borna; R. Omidbaigi; F. Sefidkon
Volume 23, Issue 3 , November 2007, , Pages 307-314
Abstract
Due to study the effect of swoing dates on Dragonhead, this research trial was carried out on randomized complete block design with three replications. The effects of sowing dates on 6 of March, 19 of March, 4 of April, 20 of April, 5 of May, 21 of May, 5 of June and 21 of June were studied on growth ...
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Due to study the effect of swoing dates on Dragonhead, this research trial was carried out on randomized complete block design with three replications. The effects of sowing dates on 6 of March, 19 of March, 4 of April, 20 of April, 5 of May, 21 of May, 5 of June and 21 of June were studied on growth and herb yield of Dragonhead. The results showed that sowing dates has significant effect on growth and development of Dragonhead. The highest plant (82.5 Cm) and the largest number of branches per plant (18.14) was obtained from the plants which were sown on 19 of March and essential oil content (199.0 Kg/ha) was obtained from the plants which were sown on 4 of April. There was no significant effect among herb yield and essential oil percentage of different sowing dates. The highest essential oil content obtained from the plant were sown on 4 of April, therefore, sowing this plant is recommended.
F. Safikhani; H. Heydarye sharifabadi; S.A. Syadat; E. Sharifi ashorabadi; S.M. Syednedjad; B. Abbaszadeh
Volume 23, Issue 2 , August 2007, , Pages 183-194
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of drought stress on yield and morphologic characteristics of Deracocephalum moldavica L. under field condition, this research wsa conducted in 2004-2005 at Alborz station. Experiment was carried out in a split plot with randomized complete block design with four replications. ...
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In order to investigate the effect of drought stress on yield and morphologic characteristics of Deracocephalum moldavica L. under field condition, this research wsa conducted in 2004-2005 at Alborz station. Experiment was carried out in a split plot with randomized complete block design with four replications. Main factors consisted of three plant populations of Deracocephalum moldavica L. which were collected from Tehran, Esfahan and Farse provinces. Subplots consisted of three level of drought stress (100%, 60% and 40% Fc). The results showed the effect of different plant population on morphological characteristics and yield were not significant. Effect of drought stress on length, cross and leaf surface, high plant, stem diameter, lateral shoot, length of highest internodes, weight of 1000 grain and flower shoot, leaf, stem and biological yield were significant. Mean of treatments showed that control (without drought stress treatments) at first and second years were 4126 and 4033 kg/ha of flower shoot and 4929 and 4921 kg/ha biological yield had significant differences with other drought levels. Mean of interaction effects of main and sub plots not showed significant difference for shoot flower production. Highest biological yield was related to controls of three plant population which were different to other treatments. It could be included from this investigation that mild stress could be applied in complete flower stage harvest.
