A. Kayhani; F. Sefidkon; A. Monfared
Abstract
Plant essential oils are used in a wide range of pharmaceutical, food, cosmetics and hygienic products. Satureja sahendica Bornm is an endemic aromatic plant in Iran. In traditional medicine, it has analgesic and anti-infection properties. Savory is used for treatment of chest discomfort, cough, wasting ...
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Plant essential oils are used in a wide range of pharmaceutical, food, cosmetics and hygienic products. Satureja sahendica Bornm is an endemic aromatic plant in Iran. In traditional medicine, it has analgesic and anti-infection properties. Savory is used for treatment of chest discomfort, cough, wasting and rheumatic pain. Previous researches showed that the main compounds of Satureja Sahendica essential oil were ρ-cymene, thymol, carvacrol and γ-terpinene. Since different drying and distillation methods affect oil yield and composition of aromatic plants, in this study, to investigate the effect of drying methods, the aerial parts of Satureja Sahendica were collected from Agricultural Research farm in Qazvin, at full flowering stage. The plant materials were dried by different methods (oven 30°C, oven 40°C, oven 50°C and shade). The essential oils of each treatment were obtained by hydro- distillation in three replicates. The oils were analyzed by capillary GC and GC/MS. Oil yield and the percentage of main components were compared statistically by Duncan's Multiple Range Test in SAS software. Results showed that oil yields, percentage of thymol and total phenolic compounds in essential oils were not different statistically in oven 30°C , oven 40°C and shade, but drying in oven 50°C produced lower oil yield. The percentage of thymol and total phenolic compounds was higher in oven 50°C. Statistical analysis showed that the oil yield obtained from hydro-distillation method (1/45%) was higher than that of the other two methods (at 1% level), while the highest values of thymol and carvacrol were obtained by steam distillation (at 5% level).
M.T Ebadi; M. Rahmati; M. Azizi; M. Hassanzadeh Khayyat; A. Dadkhah
Abstract
Drying is one of the oldest methods for preservation of agricultural products after harvest. Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) belongs to Lamiaceae family which is used as a medicinal and spice species. This experiment was carried out to determine the effect of different drying methods on drying time, ...
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Drying is one of the oldest methods for preservation of agricultural products after harvest. Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) belongs to Lamiaceae family which is used as a medicinal and spice species. This experiment was carried out to determine the effect of different drying methods on drying time, essential oil content and composition of Basil. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications and treatments were included two temperature levels (50 and 70 °C), six microwave powers (100, 180, 300, 450, 600 and 900 w), and two drying methods (sun and shade drying). The drying process was continued until the mass of the sample was reduced to a moisture content of about 0.10 on a dry basis or 10 % on a wet basis. Results indicated minimum and maximum drying times (4.1 minutes and 48 hours) were obtained at 900 w microwave powers and shade drying, respectively. Maximum and minimum essential oil content (1.3 and 0.3 %) were obtained by shade drying and in 450, 600 and 900 w, respectively. Microwave powers had negative effect on the main compositions of essential oil (geranial and methyl chavicol) but shade drying preserved them. According to the results, shade drying was identified as a suitable method for Basil, because essential oil content and composition were considerably maintained.
Sh. Ne'mati; F. Sefidkon; M.R. Poorherave
Abstract
Thymus species are well known as medicinal plants because of having biological and pharmacological properties. Thymus daenensis is an endemic aromatic medicinal plant to Iran. Essential oil of Thymus daenensis is a rich source of thymol which gives high antimicrobial and antioxidant activity to this ...
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Thymus species are well known as medicinal plants because of having biological and pharmacological properties. Thymus daenensis is an endemic aromatic medicinal plant to Iran. Essential oil of Thymus daenensis is a rich source of thymol which gives high antimicrobial and antioxidant activity to this plant. In this research, the aerial parts of Thymus daenensis were collected at full flowering stage from Alborz Research Station in Karaj. For finding the effect of drying methods on essential oil yield and composition, the plant material were dried in four different conditions (oven 30°C, 40°C, 50°C and shade). After drying the samples, their essential oils were obtained by water distillation in three replications and were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Oil yield and percentage of main components were statistically compared by Duncan's test in SAS software. Oil yields (w/w) of the oven-dried 30°C, 40°C, 50°C and shade-dried samples were 1.42%, 1.12%, 1.24% and 1.29%, respectively. Thymol (75.3%, 75.7%, 72.0% and 67.2%), allo-aromadendrene (5.7%, 5.2%, 5.4% and 3.9%), γ-terpinene (2.9%, 2.8%, 5.9% and 10.2%), p-cymene (4.2%, 4.1%, 5.1% and 5.5%) and carvacrol (2.2%, 4.1%, 1.6% and 2.4%) were identified as the main components in oven-dried 30°C, 40°C, 50°C and shade-dried samples, respectively. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between oil yields of oven-dried 30°C sample with other samples. The highest percentage of thymol was obtained from oven-dried 30°C and 40°C that showed a significant difference with other drying methods.
K. Ahmadi; F. Sefidkon; M.H. Assareh
Volume 24, Issue 2 , August 2008, , Pages 162-176
Abstract
Rosa damascena Mill. commonly known as rose plant belonging to the family Rosaceae, is an important cultivated aromatic plant. This plant has been cultivated in Iran from many years ago. Due to literature, distillation of rose and obtaining rose water was done in Iran for the first time. In this investigation, ...
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Rosa damascena Mill. commonly known as rose plant belonging to the family Rosaceae, is an important cultivated aromatic plant. This plant has been cultivated in Iran from many years ago. Due to literature, distillation of rose and obtaining rose water was done in Iran for the first time. In this investigation, the effect of different drying methods (shade, oven 30, 40 and 50°C) on quantity and quality of essential oils of three genotypes of Rosa damascena were studies for the first time. The oils of all samples were obtained by hydro-distillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The results showed no significant difference between the oil yields of fresh and dried petals, but there was significant difference between percentages of main aromatic compounds. The oil of fresh petals had the highest percentage of geraniol and citronellol and the lowest percentage of stearoptens (heavy hydrocarbons). Therefore the best time for extraction of essential oil from Rosa damascena, is right after collection. Comparison of oil content and composition of dried samples showed drying in shade was better and produce higher percentage of oil and aromatic compounds.
