Agriculture and horticulture
niloufar Rezaei; Fatemeh Sefidkon; hassan ali naghdibadi
Abstract
The cultivation of medicinal plants such as the Lamiaceae family increasing throughout the world Significantly. Savory considers as an important species in this family which it’s important is due to carvacrol and thymol in essential oil. In order to investigate the effect of planting density ...
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The cultivation of medicinal plants such as the Lamiaceae family increasing throughout the world Significantly. Savory considers as an important species in this family which it’s important is due to carvacrol and thymol in essential oil. In order to investigate the effect of planting density and soil fertility on the physiological traits and antioxidant enzymes activity of savory under rainfed conditions, an experiment in the form of split plots with two factors, fertilizer as the main factor at three levels (control, 30 tons/ha cow manure and 10 tons/ha straw enriched with ammonium sulfate) and the sub-factor, plant density at three levels (2.67, 4 and 8 plants/m2) in the form of a complete block design A random experiment was conducted at Hamand Absard research station (Damavand) in 2017-18 and 2018-19. The analysis of variance showed a significant effect of planting density and organic fertilizers on the physiological traits of savory. The highest RWC (%87.67) and the lowest ELI (%47.19) were observed in the cow manure treatment with 30 tons/ha at a density of 2.67 plant/m2. As the density increased, total chlorophyll and RWC decreased and ELI and MDA and proline increased. Cow manure and straw increased total chlorophyll, proline and RWC and decreased ELI and MDA. The highest activity of CAT, peroxidase and SOD enzyme was obtained in the control treatment and 8 plant/m2 and the lowest in organic fertilizer treatment, 2.67 plant/m2. Increasing the activity of these enzymes to neutralize the reactive oxygen species produced due to water stress is known as a resistance mechanism in plants. Based on the results of this research, it can be said that savory has the ability to grow in rain-fed conditions and has the necessary potential to increase the antioxidant capacity in rainfed conditions.
Improvement and breeding
H. Asgarian; V. Abdossi; E. Danaee; A. Ladan Moghadam
Abstract
Salinity stress is one of the most important factors in reducing the crop yield in the world. The application of humic acid along with selenium can improve the plant yield under salinity stress conditions by increasing the antioxidant capacity. To evaluate the effects of humic acid and selenium application ...
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Salinity stress is one of the most important factors in reducing the crop yield in the world. The application of humic acid along with selenium can improve the plant yield under salinity stress conditions by increasing the antioxidant capacity. To evaluate the effects of humic acid and selenium application under salinity stress conditions in Calendula officinalis L., a factorial greenhouse experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications in Islamshahr city in 2018. The experimental treatments included sodium chloride (0, 50, and 100 mg l-1), humic acid (0, 100, and 200 mg l-1), and selenium (0, 5, and 10 mg l-1) and their combined effects. The results showed that increasing the salinity significantly reduced the fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots and number of flowers per plant. The foliar application of 200 mg l-1 humic acid and 10 mg l-1 selenium improved carotenoids content of the petals and total chlorophyll of the leaves at all salinity levels. Also, with increasing the sodium chloride level up to 100 mg l-1, the amount of proline increased significantly. Meanwhile, the interaction treatments of humic acid and selenium had significant effects (P≤0.0.1) on improving the activity of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase enzymes at different salinity levels. The highest amount of essential oil (1.37%) was obtained in the interaction treatment of 200 mg l-1 humic acid and 10 mg l-1 selenium under salinity stress of 50 mg l-1 sodium chloride. In general, the results of this study showed that the foliar application of 200 mg l-1 humic acid and 10 mg l-1 selenium could be effective in reducing the negative effects of salinity stress on C. officinalis.
Improvement and breeding
B. Esmaielpour; M. Shiekhalipour; M. Torabi-Giglo
Abstract
Soil salinity in arid and semi-arid regions is one of the most important abiotic stresses causing negative effects on the growth and yield of medicinal plants. To investigate the effect of Zn nanoparticles foliar spray at different levels on growth characteristic, antioxidant enzymes, and essential oil ...
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Soil salinity in arid and semi-arid regions is one of the most important abiotic stresses causing negative effects on the growth and yield of medicinal plants. To investigate the effect of Zn nanoparticles foliar spray at different levels on growth characteristic, antioxidant enzymes, and essential oil yield of dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) under salinity stress conditions, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications in the greenhouse of Mohaghegh Ardabili University during 2018-2019. Experimental treatments included salinity stress at four levels (0, 50, 100, and 150 mM of NaCl) and foliar spray with Zn nanoparticles at three levels (0, 100, and 500 mg.l-1). Traits including plant height, aerial parts fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll, cell membrane electrolyte leakage, relative water content, proline, antioxidant enzymes, and percentage and yield of essential oil were measured. Results showed that salinity significantly decreased plant height, shoot fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll, the relative water content of leaves, and essential oil yield, and increased electrolyte leakage from cell membranes and proline content of the leaves. While nano-Zn foliar spray reduced the negative effects of salinity stress by increasing the growth and activity of antioxidant enzymes such as ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. Treatment of 500 mg.l-1 nano-Zn caused the best-improving effect on traits including plant height, stem dry weight, chlorophyll, electrolyte leakage, antioxidant enzymes, and essential oil yield under salinity stress conditions. Therefore, the use of 500 mg.l-1 nano-Zn is recommended as a reduction of the negative effects of salinity stress in dragonhead.
S. Fabriki-Ourang; H.S. Shahabzadeh
Abstract
In this study, the effects of salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate as two inducers were studied on antioxidant activity, photosynthetic pigments and flavonoids under salinity stress in Chelidonium majus L. This experiment was conducted as a factorial in a completely randomized design with four replications ...
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In this study, the effects of salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate as two inducers were studied on antioxidant activity, photosynthetic pigments and flavonoids under salinity stress in Chelidonium majus L. This experiment was conducted as a factorial in a completely randomized design with four replications at Imam Khomeini International University during 2017. The elicitors were treated as foliar and mixed with irrigation. The factors studied included elicitors at three levels (distilled water as control, 2 mM salicylic acid, and 100 µM methyl jasmonate), salinity stress at two levels, urban water as control (EC=0.62 ds/m), salinity at 30 mM NaCl (EC=3.36 ds/m), and plant organs at three levels (leaf, root, stem). The analysis of variance showed that the main effects of salinity, elicitors, organs and their interactions were significant for most of the traits. The results of mean comparison for elicitors showed that methyl jasmonate increased carotenoid, flavonoids and anthocyanin. Both salicylic acid and methyl-jasmonate treatments reduced the amount and activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase and guaiacol peroxidase enzymes under salinity stress. In mean comparison of the triple interaction effects, salinity+salicylic acid+leaf was the best combination of factors for chlorophyll (1.68 mg.g-1 FW) and carotenoid (0.54 mg.g-1 FW) contents. Also, the maximum content for anthocyanin (5.7 OD.gr-1 FW) was observed in non-salinity+methyl jasmonate+leaf and for flavonoids in salinity+non-hormone (3.42 OD.gr-1 FW), non-salinity+salicylic acid (3.27 OD.gr-1 FW) and salinity+methyl jasmonate (3.2 OD.gr-1 FW) in leaf, respectively. The amount of total protein increased in salinity+salicylic acid (56.72 mg.g-1 FW) and salinity+methyl jasmonate (53.27 mg.g-1 FW) in contrast to reduction in salinity+non-hormone (43.35 mg.g-1 FW). In conclusion, by applying the two mentioned elicitors, greater celandine does not need to increase the antioxidant defense system and will potentially improve the yield of biomass and some secondary metabolites under salinity stress.
M. Askary; F. Amini; L. Hosseinpour
Abstract
Salinity stress is one of the major abiotic stresses that have destructive effects on plant productivity and quality. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of zinc as alleviating agent under salinity stress on antioxidative system, proteins, proline and growth of Catharanthus roseus ...
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Salinity stress is one of the major abiotic stresses that have destructive effects on plant productivity and quality. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of zinc as alleviating agent under salinity stress on antioxidative system, proteins, proline and growth of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. at Arak University in 2012 autumn. A number of 49-days-old plants were treated with different concentrations of NaCl (0, 35, 70 and 100mM) alone and in combination with various ZnSO4 concentrations (0, 5 and 10μm) for 21 days. Then, the inhibition percent of 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and guaiacol peroxidase, proline and protein content and growth parameters were measured. Results showed that zinc application improved shoot length, root depth, root and shoot fresh and dry weight under all salinity treatments. As a result of salinity stress, the inhibition percent of DPPH radical and superoxide dismutase, catalase, guaiacol peroxidase activity and also proline content increased 348.5%, 475.6%, 172.7%, 200% and 364%, respectively but protein content was reduced 33%. Zinc application improved protein content up to 16% in plants under salinity treatment and also reduced the proline content up to 36%. The activity of antioxidant enzymes increased significantly in treated plants with NaCl+Zn as compared with those treated with NaCl or Zn alone. These results support the positive effects of Zn application on antioxidant defense system in vinca under salinity. Zinc may act as a scavenger of reactive oxygen species for mitigating the injury on biomembranes under salt stress.
F. Soleymani; A.R. Pirzad
Abstract
Some crops have the ability to withstand environmental stresses as they prevent further production of oxygen free radicals or cope with the produced free radicals. Accordingly, in order to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal fungi species on eco-physiological characteristics of Hyssopus officinalis ...
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Some crops have the ability to withstand environmental stresses as they prevent further production of oxygen free radicals or cope with the produced free radicals. Accordingly, in order to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal fungi species on eco-physiological characteristics of Hyssopus officinalis L., a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design was conducted with three replications at the research farm of west Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center in 2012. Treatments were species of mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus mousseae, G. intraradicese, G. fasiculatum, G. claroideum, Acaulospora longula and control without mycorrhiza) and four levels of irrigation (irrigation at 80, 70, 60 and 50% field capacity). Results showed the significant effects of irrigation and mycorrhiza on the ascorbate peroxidase, and significant interaction between irrigation and fungi species on the percentage of mycorrhizal colonization, catalase activity and superoxide dismutase. The order of highest colonization of Hyssop root was G. mosseae, G. intraradices, G. fasiculatum, G. claroideum and A. longula compared to control treatment in all irrigation levels. The highest activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase in plants inoculated with G. mosseae, G. fasiculatum, G. fasiculatum and G. claroideum belonged to irrigation at 50, 60, 50 and 50% of field capacity, respectively. However, the highest ascorbate peroxidase belonged to irrigation at 50% field capacity. In conclusion, the results showed that mycorrhizal species affected the amendment of water deficit stress due to the increased antioxidant enzyme activity in order to neutralize the effects of free radicals and cell membrane stability.
