S. Heydari Moghadam; N. Azimizadeh; H. Mohammadi
Abstract
Due to the limitation of using poisons in controlling storage pests and the risk of creating intoxication by chemical poisons for endotherms, the need to use poisons with lower risk such as plant compounds is felt more than before. Plant extracts and essential oils are consistent with nature and they ...
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Due to the limitation of using poisons in controlling storage pests and the risk of creating intoxication by chemical poisons for endotherms, the need to use poisons with lower risk such as plant compounds is felt more than before. Plant extracts and essential oils are consistent with nature and they could be used in foodstuff for pest control. In this study, the respiratory toxicity of essential oils of Cuminum cyminum L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L. and oral toxicity of C. cyminum extract were examined on Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller). Extraction from C. cyminum was done by the alcoholic method and essential oils of C. cyminum and R. officinalis were extracted using Clevenger apparatus. The C. cyminum extract was provided for pests through food plates, but essential oils were used by fumigation method. The experiments were performed in controlled laboratory conditions at a temperature of 27±1ºC and a relative humidity of 50±5% and a photoperiod of 14 hours of light and 10 hours of darkness. The impact of each material on the mortality percentage of larva and pupas and the length of larval period were studied and compared with each other. According to the results, the essential oil of C. cyminum showed the highest mortality percentage on the pests as compared with the essential oil of C. cyminum extract and R. officinalis. Therefore, regarding the positive impact of these combinations on pest losses, the use of this extract and essential oils could be a good alternative to control pests in food stores, silos etc.
Y. Molodi; M. Daneshyar
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of different levels of Rosemary (0, 100 and 200 mg per kg) and peppermint (0, 100 and 200 mg per kg) essential oils on performance, internal organs and some blood indices using360 one-day old quail. The experiment was conducted in a 3×3 factorial arrangement ...
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This study aimed to investigate the effects of different levels of Rosemary (0, 100 and 200 mg per kg) and peppermint (0, 100 and 200 mg per kg) essential oils on performance, internal organs and some blood indices using360 one-day old quail. The experiment was conducted in a 3×3 factorial arrangement based on a completely randomized design with nine treatments and four replications (10 birds per repetition). The results showed that the consumption of highest level of rosemary essential oil caused the increased feed consumption during week 2 of age (P<0.05). Peppermint essential oils affected the feed consumption during week 4 of age (P<0.05) and the quails fed with the medium peppermint essential oil (100 ppm) had the lower feed conversion ratio as compared to the other levels. Moreover, the results of the experiment showed that consumption of rosemary and peppermint essential oils alone or together had no effects on the breast, thigh, liver and spleen weights (P>0.05). The essential oils of rosemary and peppermint plants did not change the blood indices of triglyceride, protein, urea, creatinine and HDL (P>0.05). There was a trend for the effect of rosemary essential oil on length of both jejunum and ileum (P=0.09) and the 100 and 200 ppm rosemary caused the higher length of both jejunum and ileum at day 35 of age. In conclusion, the consumption of rosemary and peppermint essential oils improved the performance of quails in the early ages.
M. Azizkhani; R. Aznar; P. Elizaquivel
Abstract
Staphylococcal food poisoning is resulted from the consumption of a food in which enterotoxigenic staphylococci have grown and produced toxins. Targeting bacterial virulence factors is now gaining interest as an alternative strategy to develop new types of antimicrobial preservatives. The purpose of ...
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Staphylococcal food poisoning is resulted from the consumption of a food in which enterotoxigenic staphylococci have grown and produced toxins. Targeting bacterial virulence factors is now gaining interest as an alternative strategy to develop new types of antimicrobial preservatives. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of R. officianalis L. (Ros) essential oil (EO) on growth and gene expression of enterotoxins A, C, and E in Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213. In this study, after determining the minimum inhibitory concentration, the growth and secretion of SEA, SEC, and SEE (detected by ELISA method) by S. aureus treated with graded subinhibitory concentrations of EO was evaluated. In addition, the influence of the EO on the transcription of sea, sec and see (the genes encoding SEA, SEC and SEE, respectively) was analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR. Ros EO at a concentration of 75% MIC, significantly, reduced the growth of S. aureus. EO inhibited the transcription of sea, sec and see in S. aureus, in a dose-dependent manner, resulting in a reduction of SEA, SEC and SEE secretion. These data suggest that the Ros EO may be useful as a natural preservative against the growth and enterotoxin production of S.aureus in food industry.
R. Shahhoseini; M. Moghaddam; D. Kiani; R. Mansori
Abstract
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), belonging to Lamiaceae family, is a perennial, medicinal and aromatic plant. The plant and its secondary metabolites are widely used in landscape designing and pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries. This research was conducted as two experiments in a RCBD ...
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Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), belonging to Lamiaceae family, is a perennial, medicinal and aromatic plant. The plant and its secondary metabolites are widely used in landscape designing and pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries. This research was conducted as two experiments in a RCBD (Randomized Complete Block Design) with six treatments (0, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000 mg l-1) and four replications in order to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of IBA and NAA on rooting of semi-hardwood cuttings of rosemary. Cuttings were treated in solutions of IBA and NAA for 1 min and held in plastic tunnel under mist system. After 70 days, the percentage of rotting, number of roots, average root length, the root fresh and dry weight, length of cutting, leaves and stem fresh and dry weight were measured. The analysis of variance showed that application of IBA and NAA had a significant effect on all the parameters studied. The highest rooting percentage was obtained at concentration of 1000 mg l-1 NAA (84%) and 5000 mg l-1 IBA (66%). The concentration of 4000 mgl-1 IBA was the best treatment on quality and rooting of the semi-hardwood cuttings of rosemary.
F. Alavi Naeini; Z. Asrar; H. Mozafari
Abstract
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is of great value as an ornamental and medicinal plant. Therefore, studying the growth, morphological and anatomical parameters of rosemary cuttings in rooting stage is of utmost importance. In recent research, the separate and combined effects ...
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Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is of great value as an ornamental and medicinal plant. Therefore, studying the growth, morphological and anatomical parameters of rosemary cuttings in rooting stage is of utmost importance. In recent research, the separate and combined effects of Indole 3- Butyric acid (IBA) and vitamin- B1 (thiamine) on growth, rooting and anatomical structure of adventitious roots in Rosmarinus officinalis cuttings were investigated under hydroponic conditions. A factorial experiment was implemented using nine combined treatments including IBA and vitamin B1 at three levels. The treatments were applied on cuttings for two weeks under standard condition of light, temperature and humidity in hydroponic medium. Then, using cross-section method and double staining, the anatomy of root, in terms of cross-section, cortex cells growth and the density of secondary roots, were studied by a light microscope. Results showed that IBA application with or without B1 significantly affected the growth, anatomy and morphology of rosemary cuttings in rooting stage. However, our results clearly showed that vitamin B1 had an essential role on the growth of roots and IBA stimulated cell division in pericycle, causing the stimulation of rooting response of cuttings. According to he obtained results, the combined use of IBA and vitamin B1 showed significant effect on the propagation of rosemary as an ornamental and medicinal plant; therefore, their application could be recommended in commercial and farm conditions, and even in the case of other ornamental plants having difficulty propagating.
M. Barat shooshtari; R. Ghalandari
Abstract
Control of mosquitoes and protection of people from their bites are of the most important ways to prevent diseases transmitted by them. Insects biting cause local symptoms (Itching, redness and burning) and can transmit the dangerous disease, especially in tropical regions. Repellents and especially ...
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Control of mosquitoes and protection of people from their bites are of the most important ways to prevent diseases transmitted by them. Insects biting cause local symptoms (Itching, redness and burning) and can transmit the dangerous disease, especially in tropical regions. Repellents and especially herbal repellents are considered as appropriate methods to protect the people against mosquitoes biting. In the current study, repellent effect of extracts and essential oils of Melissa officinalis L., Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Lavandula angustifolia Mill. were evaluated against Anopheles stephensi in the laboratory and the effects were compared with those of synthetic repellent, N,N-Diethyl-3-methylbenzamide as a standard drug. Results of the statistical analysis revealed significant differences between oils and extracts (p < 0.01) against the tested species as oils were identified more effective than the extracts. Also the results showed that repellency effect of these materials in animals is higher compared to the human being.
M. Hejazi Mehrizi; H. Shariatmadari; A.H. Khoshgoftarmanesh; F. Moattar
Abstract
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is one of the medicinal plants exhibiting potential for secondary metabolite production. In the present study, the interaction effects of zinc nutrition and salinity on growth of Rosemary, total phenolic content, DPPH radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing ...
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Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is one of the medicinal plants exhibiting potential for secondary metabolite production. In the present study, the interaction effects of zinc nutrition and salinity on growth of Rosemary, total phenolic content, DPPH radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were studied in a Zn deficient soil. Two zinc levels (0 and 10 mg kg-1 Zn as ZnSO4) and three salinity levels (0, 50 and 100 mM NaCl in irrigation water) were used as treatments in a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with four replications. According to the results, salinity did not show significant effect on shoot dry weight production which indicates salinity tolerance of Rosemary. 100 mM NaCl salinity increased total phenolic content, DPPH radical scavenging activity and FRAP up to 3, 8 and 5 percent respectively. 10 mg Zn added to the soil also increased total phenolic content (2%), DPPH radical scavenging activity (4%) and FRAP (3%). The results of correlation test showed that increase of antioxidant activity in Rosemary grown under salinity condition was due to the increase of total phenolic content. Our findings suggest that salt stress and suitable Zn nutrition increase antioxidant compounds in Rosemary.
K. Jaimand; M.B. Rezaee
Volume 19, Issue 2 , August 2003, , Pages 137-148
Abstract
Rosmarinus officinalis L. which is cultivated in Research farm of medicinal plants in Cemnan city were collected on 29 May 2003 , and fresh plants materials essential oils extracted by hydrodistillation method in laboratory and pilot scale. Essential oils yield in laboratory and pilot scale were 0.4%, ...
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Rosmarinus officinalis L. which is cultivated in Research farm of medicinal plants in Cemnan city were collected on 29 May 2003 , and fresh plants materials essential oils extracted by hydrodistillation method in laboratory and pilot scale. Essential oils yield in laboratory and pilot scale were 0.4%, and 0.5%, respectively. Both samples were analysed by GC and GC/MS. The main constituents were identified in laboratory sample were a - pinene (30.3%), 1,8-cineole (15.2%), terpin-1-ol (8.2%) and methyl chavicol (7.5%) and for pilot sample were a - pinene (30%), 1,8-cineole (12.2%), methyl chavicol (11.6%) and camphene (6.6%).
